Research on power electronic transformer applied in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks

The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation.

Practice and Prospect of AC/DC Hybrid Power Grid in Southern China

China Southern Power Grid is a unique EHV AC/DC hybrid transmission network that operates in China. In its service area, the distribution of energy resources and the development of economy are extremely unbalanced, so long-distance and bulk power transmission are needed; besides, the geography and climate conditions are serious, rains, fogs, lightning and typhoon as well as high temperature are common all the year round. Facing these challenges, the power grid enhanced stability control, improved the equipment and strengthen the network structure. In the future, the power grid plans to optimize the disposition of power sources and build digitalized power system.

Analysis of Commutation Failure in Multi-Infeed HVDC System under Different Load Models

HVDC technology has been widely used in modern power system. On one hand, HVDC has the advantages of economy, high efficiency and strong controllability. While on the other hand, it makes the dynamic characteristics of the power system becoming more and more complex. That puts forward a new challenge to system stability and raises new questions for power system simulation. This paper focuses on the interaction between AC and DC systems, especially the problem of commutation failure caused by AC system fault. Based on the data of China Southern Power Grid, this paper calculates the fault regions that may cause commutation failure and calculates the system critical clearance time under different load models, analyzes the impacts of different load models on commutation failure and the stability of AC/DC hybrid system.

AC/DC混合输电系统分散协调控制

针对电压源型高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)在应用中带来的AC/DC交直流输电系统的协调控制问题,建立了AC/DC数学模型,并对AC/DC提出了一种新的分散最优协调控制模式。在该模式中,逆系统线性化理论被应用于直流输电系统的控制。文中为了与交流电网相配合,将标幺制引入了直流输电系统,并以Lyapunov间接法证明了该闭环非线性系统的稳定性。AC/DC混合输电系统的数值仿真结果表明了该控制策略的有效性和鲁棒性。

电流畸变时AC/DC双向功率变换器的控制策略

在交直流混合微电网中,通过电力电子接口接入的可再生能源和非线性负载会使交流母线电流发生畸变。因此,要求AC/DC双向功率变换器不仅能可靠变换功率以保证交直流子网功率平衡,而且能抑制交流母线谐波电流。该文基于Fryze-Buchholz-Depenbrock(FBD)功率理论的谐波电流检测法,提出一种可以治理交流母线谐波电流的AC/DC双向功率变换器控制策略。该控制策略在实现交直流子网功率传输及母线电压稳定的基础上,还可以通过AC/DC双向功率变换器治理交流母线谐波电流,保证微电网具有良好的电能质量。最后通过仿真和实验验证了该控制策略的有效性。

孤立交直流混合微电网双向AC/DC换流器功率控制与电压波动抑制策略

在孤立交直流混合微电网中,对双向AC/DC换流器进行合理控制可以有效实现微网功率的协调分配并提高系统的抗外界干扰能力。将孤立混合微电网中的交流微网和直流微网等效为整合电源,分别给出双向AC/DC换流器交流侧和直流侧的有功功率下垂控制方程,进而提出基于全网功率成比例分配原则的双向AC/DC换流器外环功率控制策略,实现孤立混合微电网的功率平衡和自主分配;同时针对常规比例-积分(proportionalintegral,PI)内环控制无法获得理想的电压动态响应的问题,在对双向AC/DC换流器进行电压波动分析的基础上,提出一种抑制电压波动的双向AC/DC换流器改进内环控制策略,实现换流器电压对参考信号的无静差跟踪,提高下垂控制微电网系统的鲁棒稳定性。仿真结果验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。

Performance Analysis of Grid Connected and Islanded Modes of AC/DC Microgrid for Residential Home Cluster

This paper presents performance analysis on hybrid AC/DC microgrid networks for residential home cluster. The design of the proposed microgrid includes comprehensive types of Distributed Generators (DGs) as hybrid power sources (wind, Photovoltaic (PV) solar cell, battery, fuel cell). Details about each DG dynamic modeling are presented and discussed. The customers in home cluster can be connected in both of the operating modes: islanded to the microgrid or connected to utility grid. Each DG has appended control system with its modeling that will be discussed to control DG performance. The wind turbine will be controlled by AC control system within three sub-control systems: 1) speed regulator and pitch control, 2) rotor side converter control, and 3) grid side converter control. The AC control structure is based on PLL, current regulator and voltage booster converter with using of photovoltaic Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and inverters to connect to the grid. The DC control system is mainly based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller and boost converter connected to the PV array block and in order to control the system. The case study is used to analyze the performance of the proposed microgrid. The buses voltages, active power and reactive power responses are presented in both of grid-connected and islanded modes. In addition, the power factor, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and modulation index are calculated.

Hierarchical Frequency-dependent Chance Constrained Unit Commitment for Bulk AC/DC Hybrid Power Systems with Wind Power Generation

As the steady-state frequency of an actual power system decreases from its nominal value,the composite load of the system generally responds positively to lower power consumption,and vice versa.It is believed that this load frequency damping(LFD)effect will be artificially enhanced,i.e.,sensitivities of loads with respect to operational frequency will increase,in future power systems.Thus,for wind-integrated power systems,this paper proposes a frequency-dependent chance constrained unit commitment(FDCCUC)model that employs the operational frequency as a dispatching variable so that the LFD effect-based load power can act as a supplemental reserve.Because the frequency deviation is safely restricted,this low-cost reserve can be sufficiently exerted to upgrade the wind power accommodation capability of a power system that is normally confined by an inadequate reserve to cope with uncertain wind power forecasting error.Moreover,when the FDCCUC model is applied to a bulk AC/DC hybrid power system consisting of several independently operated regional AC grids interconnected by DC tie-lines,a hierarchically implemented searching algorithm is proposed to protect private scheduling information of the regional AC grids.Simulations on a 2-area 6-bus system and a 3-area 354-bus system verify the effectiveness of the FDCCUC model and hierarchical searching algorithm.

考虑光伏随机性的交直流混合配电网鲁棒机会约束安全域模型

为实现高比例光伏接入下交直流混合配电网的安全评估,构建了交直流混合配电网的鲁棒机会约束安全域模型。首先,提出一种基于区间划分的自适应带宽核密度估计方法,以获取光伏预测误差概率分布,构建光伏出力机会约束不确定集合;其次,采用功率与节点电压幅值比值为状态变量,在已有交流线性化潮流模型的基础上推导一种交直流混合配电网线性化潮流模型;然后,提出交直流混合配电网鲁棒机会约束安全域的概念和模型,结合列与约束生成算法和径向迭代搜索算法生成可观测的鲁棒机会约束安全域空间。最后,算例分析验证了所提模型能够在鲁棒机会约束安全域上准确、直观的反映光伏出力的随机性,进而为交直流混合配电网的准确安全评估提供支撑。

基于混合储能的交直流混联微电网功率分级协调控制策略

针对交直流混联微电网孤岛运行时,仅靠互联变流器协调网间功率无法有效缓解系统频率与电压波动,且单一蓄电池储能难以适用多场景功率需求的问题,提出利用超级电容和蓄电池混合储能的交直流混联微电网功率协调控制策略。将混合储能作为储能子网连接在直流母线上,优先采用超级电容平抑交直流子网内功率波动,提出以储能荷电状态来划分五种工作模式的改进混合储能控制策略。兼顾超级电容快速响应特性和减少互联变流器的频繁起动,根据直流子网电压和交流子网频率波动程度,提出功率自治和功率互济工况的两级分层协调控制策略。通过设计混合储能处于不同工作模式的网间功率互济场景,仿真证明了所提混合储能和互联变流器协调控制策略能够平抑各子网负荷功率波动。

含多类型直流的交直流混联电网潮流计算方法适用性分析

作为电网发展的新阶段,交直流混联电网呈现多类型直流参与、大规模交直流互联的特点,而关于统一迭代和交替迭代2种潮流计算方法的适用性尚未得到深入分析。为此基于含多类型直流的交直流混联电网对2种潮流计算方法的运算性能进行对比研究。推导了含常规直流、柔性直流、混合直流的交直流混联电网潮流模型,进而提出了相应的统一迭代法和交替迭代法。通过3个交直流混联电网测试系统和南方电网实际系统数据验证了潮流模型的有效性和潮流算法的准确性,结合系统负荷水平、系统强度、直流嵌入规模等因素对2种潮流计算方法的收敛性能和计算速度进行对比分析。研究结果表明,在含多类型直流的交直流混联电网中进行潮流计算时,统一迭代法的计算效率比交替迭代法高。

风电场交直流混合输电并网中VSC-HVDC的控制

为提高风电场交直流混合输电并网的系统性能,提出一种更加灵活的电压源换流器高压直流(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)控制策略。对于风电场侧电压源换流器,设计了一种新的交流电压–功角控制方法。对于交直流混合输电模式,该方法通过调节风电场交流母线电压与电压源换流器输出电压间的功角来实现定有功功率控制。对于纯柔性直流输电模式,风电场交流母线电压自动被调节为具有恒幅恒频的交流电压,实现了对波动风电的同步输送。该方法中输电模式的变化无需切换控制;另外,通过附加电流高通滤波器增强了对系统谐振的阻尼作用。对电网侧电压源换流器,采用一种新的直接电流矢量控制,使直流电压稳定在参考值上。运用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件对分别接入笼型感应发电机(squirrel cage induction generator,SCIG)风电场和双馈感应发电机(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)风电场的交直流混合输电系统建模仿真。一系列运行条件下的仿真结果验证了控制方法的有效性与可行性。

降低多回HVDC同时换相失败风险的交直流混联受端系统STATCOM配置方案

在有多回直流馈入的交直流混联受端系统中,若交流系统短路故障引起多回直流同时换相失败,甚至闭锁,将对电网的安全运行造成严重影响。将风险的概念引入交直流系统同时换相失败问题,以三相短路故障为研究对象,提出一种以降低多回直流同时换相失败风险为目标的静止无功补偿器（static synchronous compensator,STATCOM）配置方法。首先提出一种考虑故障发生位置随机性的多回直流同时换相失败风险评价指标;根据换相电压幅值在故障暂态过程中跌落的规律以及STATCOM对暂态电压的调节特点,给出了预选故障的筛选和分类方法;建立了考虑同时换相失败风险的STATCOM优化配置模型,利用遗传算法求解该模型,得到不同风险下STATCOM的最优补偿方案;最后,通过仿真验证了配置方案的有效性。

一种利用VSC-HVDC提高发电机阻尼的新控制策略

在交直流混合输电系统中,可以利用直流系统的功率调制来提高交流系统的运行稳定性。文章在建立含有VSC-HVDC的交直流混合输电系统模型的基础上,提出了一种新的VSC-HVDC混合功率调制方法来提高发电机阻尼,该方法利用Bang-bang控制原理设计混合调制信号,并将其加入到常规的PI调节器中。仿真结果表明,加入混合调制信号可以增强系统的阻尼并有效地抑制振荡,能够改善系统在各种扰动下的动态性能。

基于EEAC的紧急直流功率支援优化策略

分析了紧急直流功率支援提高多机系统暂态稳定性的机理.通过在合适时刻投入紧急直流功率支援,在单机无穷大系统功角的前2次正摆过程中提升直流功率,在回摆过程中回降直流功率,以提高暂态稳定裕度,同时采用遗传禁忌优化算法对各调制参数进行优化.最终,在给定的具体运行方式下,根据事先设定的电网关键线路潮流或来自能量管理系统EMS的实时潮流数据和预想故障集,实现某些严重预想事故集的暂稳控制量的离线或在线计算.算例表明:所提出的紧急直流功率支援策略能有效地改善系统暂态稳定性.

构网型和跟网型电力电子装备混联系统惯量响应的匹配问题综述

构网型和跟网型电力电子装备具有异质化调频特性,导致2类装备交直流混联系统惯量响应阶段的动态交互作用机理复杂,传统的惯量参数匹配原则难以优化系统频率响应的问题。阐述了电力电子装备系统的惯量响应匹配问题,并对现有电压源型变流器的调频控制方法进行了概述。从功频响应分析方法、调频功率分配原则和频率响应特性3个方面对电力电子装备系统惯量配置问题的研究现状展开梳理。对电力电子装备混联系统的统一建模及惯量响应匹配问题提出了研究思路,旨在通过惯量支撑功率的匹配控制提升低惯量电力系统的频率稳定性,从系统层面为高比例电力电子装备友好并网提供基础理论和关键技术支撑。

计及VSC-HVDC的交直流系统最优潮流统一混合算法

进化类算法和内点法交替迭代的混合算法在求解含电压源换流器的高压直流输电(voltage source converter basedhigh voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流系统最优潮流(optimal power flow,OPF)问题时由于截断误差的影响和VSC-HVDC控制方式的限制,容易发生振荡,因此提出一种基于差分进化(differential evolution,DE)和原—对偶内点法(primal-dual interior point method,PDIPM)的统一混合迭代算法。算法的主要思想是以DE算法为框架,对离散变量进行优化,在DE算法的每一次迭代过程中,采用PDIPM对每个DE个体进行连续变量的优化和适应度评估。由于采用PDIPM进行DE种群适应度评估,无需设定VSC-HVDC的控制方式,因此提高了算法的全局寻优能力。多个算例结果表明,该混合算法数值稳定性高,寻优能力强,能很好地解决含两端、多端、多馈入VSC-HVDC的交直流系统最优潮流问题。

含VSC-HVDC的交直流混合发输电系统可靠性评估

建立了含柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)的交直流混合发输电系统的可靠性分析模型,该模型既考虑了VSC-HVDC的稳态功率特性,还计及了发输电网络的故障率和输电线路的有功限制,采用非序惯蒙特卡罗仿真实现;在满足系统安全约束的前提条件下,对系统进行模拟调度,重点评价了与发输电网络连接的VSC-HVDC对电网可靠性的影响,给出系统和节点的风险指标,为VSC-HVDC规划和运行提供参考依据,最后算例分析证明了该算法的可行性和合理性。

含VSC-HVDC交直流混合系统机电暂态仿真研究

对含基于电压源型变流器的高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)交直流混合系统进行机电暂态仿真研究。VSC-HVDC系统的外环功率、电压控制器采用PI控制,以产生内环电流参考值。针对dq同步旋转坐标系下VSC-HVDC交流侧数学模型不能精确解耦的问题,建立基于αβ静止坐标系的VSC-HVDC数学模型,引入比例谐振(PR)控制改进了内环电流控制器,可以无静差跟踪内环电流信号。采用以上控制策略实现VSCHVDC系统的精确解耦控制,并采用双时步仿真方法对VSC-HVDC系统的动态响应进行准确模拟。通过在新英格兰系统上进行仿真实验,验证了所提VSC-HVDC机电暂态控制模型的正确性和双时步混合仿真方法的有效性。

农村背景下基于需求响应的虚拟电厂博弈策略

针对整县光伏接入对农村配电网的影响问题,本文聚合光伏发电、分布式电储能装置组及电动自行车聚合商,引入考虑光伏逆变器影响的交直流混联网络共同组成虚拟电厂,提出一种基于主从博弈理论的含新能源虚拟电厂的双层优化模型。构建电动自行车聚合商的演化博弈模型,在此基础上建立以虚拟电厂为领导者、电动自行车聚合商为跟随者的主从博弈模型。最后,建立农忙与农闲两个场景并分别考虑晴天和阴天两种情况进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该模型可提高经济效益并改善电网运行指标。