Revenue management method and critical techniques of railway passenger transport

Purpose–Revenue management(RM)is a significant technique to improve revenue with limited resources.With the macro environment of dramatically increasing transit capacity and rapid railway transport development in China,it is necessary to involve the theory of RM into the operation and decision of railway passenger transport.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes the theory and framework of generalized RM of railway passenger transport(RMRPT),and the thoughts and methods of the main techniques in RMRPT,involving demand forecasting,line planning,inventory control,pricing strategies and information systems,are all studied and elaborated.The involved methods and techniques provide a sequential process to help with the decision-making for each stage of RMRPT.The corresponding techniques are integrated into the information system to support practical businesses in railway passenger transport.Findings–The combination of the whole techniques devotes to railway benefit improvement and transit resource utilization and has been applied into the practical operation and organization of railway passenger transport.Originality/value–The development of RMRPT would provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of service quality as well as railway benefits and efficiency.

Smartphone-Based Wi-Fi Analysis for Bus Passenger Counting

In the contemporary era of technological advancement,smartphones have become an indispensable part of individuals’daily lives,exerting a pervasive influence.This paper presents an innovative approach to passenger countingonbuses throughthe analysis ofWi-Fi signals emanating frompassengers’mobile devices.The study seeks to scrutinize the reliability of digital Wi-Fi environments in predicting bus occupancy levels,thereby addressing a crucial aspect of public transportation.The proposed system comprises three crucial elements:Signal capture,data filtration,and the calculation and estimation of passenger numbers.The pivotal findings reveal that the system demonstrates commendable accuracy in estimating passenger counts undermoderate-crowding conditions,with an average deviation of 20%from the ground truth and an accuracy rate ranging from 90%to 100%.This underscores its efficacy in scenarios characterized by moderate levels of crowding.However,in densely crowded conditions,the system exhibits a tendency to overestimate passenger numbers,occasionally doubling the actual count.While acknowledging the need for further research to enhance accuracy in crowded conditions,this study presents a pioneering avenue to address a significant concern in public transportation.The implications of the findings are poised to contribute substantially to the enhancement of bus operations and service quality.

Evacuated tube transport technologies (ET3)^(tm):a maximum value global transportation network for passengers and cargo

Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car, ship, truck, train, and jet aircraft. To do this, ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals： maximum value through efficiency, reliability, and simplicity; equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads; optimum size; high speed/high frequency operation; demand oriented; random accessibility; scalability; high granularity; automated control; full speed passive switching; open standards of implementation; and maximum use of existing capacities, materials, and processes.

CO2 emission of urban passenger transportation in China from 2000 to 2014

This study reviewed the urban passenger transportation(UPT)development of seven typical cities in China from 2000 to 2014,estimated the UPT CO2emission,analyzed the structure,and discussed the main factors of UPT CO,emission.Results showed that increases of GDP,population,and UPT scale of the cities have speeded up.The most significant development of UPT is that the growth of private vehicles is greatly faster than that of public transportation.The total and per-capita UPT CO2 emissions both increased.The share of private vehicles emission to total UPT CO2emission has increased,with the share in range of 65%-88%in 2014,exponentially leading to the increases of total and per-capita UPT CO2 emission.Although UPT CO2 emission structure with more share of public transportation would slow down the UPT CO2emission increase,private vehicle CO2 emission is recognized as the dominated driving factor.Contributions of driving factors,such as GDP,population,private vehicle CO2 emissions,to UPT CO2 emission are different among the cities.Private vehicle CO2 emission.is the dominated factor for UPT CO2emission in Beijing and Taiyuan.Besides private vehicle CO2emission,GDP also plays an important role in UPT CO2emissions of Chengdu,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Urumqi.Contributions of private vehicle CO2 emission and GDP to UPT CO2 emission are almost same in Xi'an.

Prediction of Civil Aviation Passenger Transportation Based on ARIMA Model

The passenger transportation, as an important index to describe the scale of aviation passenger transport, prediction and research, can let us understand the future trend of the aviation passenger transport, according to it, the airline can make corresponding marketing strategy adjustment. Combining with the knowledge of time series let us understand the characteristics of passenger transportation change, the R software is used to fit the data, so as to establish the ARIMA(1,1,8) model to describe the civil aviation passenger transport developing trend in the future and to make reasonable predictions.

SERVQUAL Model Based Evaluation Analysis of Railway Passenger Transport Service Quality in China

Railway is the backbone of Chinese transportation system,but its poor quality of services for passengers cause complains now and then.This study first analyzed the influencing factors of service quality on railway passenger,and its quality characteristics was also explained,and finally we proposed an evaluation system of service quality on railway passenger transport.Through the statistical analysis and processing of the basic information from survey data from railway station,trains and the official website of the ticket purchase,the evaluation score of question naire was converted into the score in evaluation index system,which was based on SERVQUAL model.Finally,the evaluation index system was applied to the field test,and all levels of indicators and the overall evaluation of railway passenger transport service quality was obtained.The relevant results show that the evaluation model of this study is concise and practical,and the method has certain practicability and promotion value,which is beneficial to the department of management supervision in railway transportation.

Study on the Development of Water Transport Network for Passengers in the Gulshan-Banani-HatirJheel Lake of the Capital City of Bangladesh

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is one of the most overpopulated city in the world and traffic jam is the most severe and regular affliction in the daily life. Also, the existing vehicles are not sufficient in compared to the population of the city. People have to spend many hours simply sitting in the traffic jam. This lessens the productivity of people and brings sufferings to them. Gulshan-Banani-HatirJheel area is the busiest regions within the city and face severe traffic jam during working hours. These lakes are totally unused. Therefore, there is a possibility to build a waterways network for passengers transport through these lakes. This will reduce the affliction of people via reducing traffic jam. The proposed transportation networks will also preserve the natural environment of the lakes and bring a source of entertainment in the city life. Many developed cities in the world like London, New York, Paris, Venice, Shanghai etc. already have implemented waterways network inside the city and successfully made the best use of cistern side.

A Decade of Changes in the Transportation of Passengers： What Are the Factors That Affected the Demand？

Ten years of financial stability in Brazilian economy have gone. In this period, the regional transportation of passengers suffered exogenous impacts： economical crises, airport crises and great proportions＇ accidents, as well as impacts which were intern to the system： institutional changes （liberation of tariff promotions, many companies establishing themselves and also coming to bankruptcy）, creation of regulating institutions in the air transportation as well as the land transportation. Theoretically, it is expected that these changes have generated impacts in the demand for trips, since an environment regulated with more flexible prices and higher amounts of companies would generate a competitive environment in which the companies could struggle to attract their demand. On the other hand, the impacts which are exogenous to the system can generate responses in the sense of restoring the balance of demand. Thus, based on the theoretical experience, this article aims at analyzing empirically, through categorical variables, if there were impacts on the demand for regional trips in Brazil due to the internal or external changes. In order to perform this, monthly data from January, 1999 to December, 2009 are utilized and estimates are calculated making use of SUR （seemingly unrelated regressions）. As a result, we have the meaning of the internal and external impacts related to air and land transports, identifying that the worldwide economic crisis generated an impact at the level of the demand for transportation and also that the flexibility of tariffs allowed by ANTT （Ag^ncia Nacional de Transportes Terrestres） had an equal impact on the demand for land transportation.

Research and development of prevention and control measures on the transmission of pathogens in compartments of passenger transport

Contagious pathogens like COVID-19 transmitted via respiratory droplets spread effortlessly in the passenger compartments of transport,significantly jeopardizing passengers’safety when taking public transportation.To date,studies on the fundamental theories of airborne droplet transmission and the engineering application of decontamination techniques are insufficient for the prevention and control of pathogens transmitting in the compartments of passenger transport.It is essential to systematically investigate the control approaches to restrain pathogens from transmitting in passenger compartments.Herein,a theoretical framework for calculating the transmission of pathogens in a complex compartment environment was proposed,and experimental platforms that satisfy the Biosafety Level-2 Laboratory safety level for compartment environment simulations were built based on a set of real train cabins.On these bases,numerical investigations on the motion of pathogen-laden droplets were conducted,and decontamination techniques were examined experimentally.Thereby,control measures on the pathogen transmission and pathogen decontamination schemes were proposed.Moreover,highly efficient decontamination devices were developed,and coping strategies for epidemic emergencies were devised.The outcomes provide theoretical and technical support for developing the next generation of transportation and the prevention and control measures cooperatively considering regular and pandemic times.

A methodology for calculating the passenger comfort benefits of railway travel

A comfortable environment in railway passenger coaches can be regarded as a resource for social consumption during the transport process. Railway passenger comfort benefits （RPCBs） can be regarded as a special generalized cost. In this paper, we select a series of objective and subjective indexes to formulate a quantitative method of calculating the RPCB with considering ticket fares. This method includes three steps： make the initial data dimensionless, calculate the weight of each index, and finally calculate the RPCBs. The proposed method was validated with the data collected from two types of trains： G13 from Beijing South to Shanghai Hongqiao and T109 from Beijing to Shanghai. Also, questionnaire survey was conducted in both trains. After data processing, the results show that there is a linear relationship between the RPCB and ticket fare with a correlation coefficient of 0.9616.

多情景模拟下的跨境铁路运输时效研究——以中老铁路为例

跨境铁路运输是中国与周边国家陆路联通的重要环节。跨境铁路运输时效既受线路畅通情况、基础设施技术等级等“硬联通”因素的制约,也受到海关条例、口岸畅通水平等“软联通”因素的影响。因此,跨境铁路运输时效研究应充分考虑不同情景,以期更科学地模拟运输时长的变化机理。本文以中老铁路(中国昆明−老挝万象,简称中老铁路)为例,在梳理中老铁路沿线地区社会经济概况及基础设施发展水平的基础上,考虑不同运营速度、通关时间、铁轨换装、多式联运等因素,构建了长途跨境运输时间的计算模型,采用多情景模拟方法,解析了中老铁路运的优势距离及客货运时效变化。研究表明:①中老铁路有助于沿线跨境运输时间显著减少。相比公路运输,客货运时间优势均超过20%;②通关时间是影响跨境铁路运输的关键要素之一,占运输总时长的20%~60%;③铁海联运是中老铁路运输进一步提升运输效率的途径,能有效缩短老挝至日本的总运输时间。

基于出行选择的旅客联程运输服务定价

在多模式运输竞争条件下,将旅客联程运输看作一个由多个任意运输方式联合提供服务的独立运营商参与市场竞争,并通过设立旅客满意度参数量化联程运输特有属性对旅客出行选择的影响,构建同时考虑旅客出行选择和运营商收益的“一票制”联运双层定价模型。针对下层模型中旅客出行选择参数标定需要大量数据,而联程运输处于初步发展阶段,存在缺乏相关数据的现实矛盾,通过运用层次分析法对相关因素的重要性程度进行标定。针对双层模型求解NP难问题,采用灵敏度分析法对模型求解过程进行简化。并以空铁联运为例对算法的有效性进行验证,结果表明:该定价模型可提升通道内总客流量,促进旅客出行,比补贴式定价有更强的可操作性和可持续性。

基于超图卷积的跨交通方式客流联合预测模型

大城市多种交通方式交织形成了彼此互通的客流网络,而跨交通方式客流之间的时空关联关系错综复杂,需要客流联合预测来解析整体出行规律,这对实现跨交通方式客流无缝衔接出行至关重要。针对跨交通方式客流网络,引入跨交通方式超图关联矩阵刻画公交和地铁的客流超图网络之间关联关系,提出一种基于双模时空超图卷积网络(BSTHCN)的跨交通方式客流联合预测模型。具体来说,模型由3部分组成:输入模块、时空卷积模块(包括时间卷积和空间卷积)和输出模块,可同时捕捉公交、地铁站点和线路的客流特征,以及两种客流网络之间换乘客流特征。最终,模型可识别提取重要信息特征,并进行特征聚合和分配。实证分析结果表明,相对于经典预测模型而言,BSTHCN具有更优的预测精度,以预测1h后的客流为例,在公交和地铁数据集上的平均绝对误差(MAE)指标至少分别减小了8.93%和8.10%,均方根误差(RMSE)指标至少分别降低了10.64%、7.47%。且BSTHCN的参数量和模型运行时间均在合理范围内,相比于时空卷积网络(S-TGCN)和扩散卷积递归神经网络(DCRNN),BSTHCN在实现更精准预测的同时,运行时间仅增加了4.82%。综合来看,BSTHCN显示出较强的竞争力。消融实验结果则进一步表明,BSTHCN在引入超图并考虑跨交通方式关联后,可更好地反映客流网络中的局部与整体特征,提升客流预测的精度。

计及安全性与舒适性的智能车辆换道轨迹规划研究

针对当前智能车辆在换道过程中的安全性以及乘员舒适性问题,本文提出一种基于风险场评估轨迹的二次筛选方法。首先,在Frenet坐标系下,将车辆运动解耦为横向和纵向两个维度,基于五次多项式生成所有横向d-t曲线簇和纵向s-t曲线簇;其次,由车辆的动力学特性和三圆碰撞模型设计轨迹初筛评价函数,选取合格轨迹作为候选轨迹;最后,参考人工势场理论的思想,引入行车过程中风险场的概念,根据换道效率,换道风险值和横、纵向冲击度建立总损失函数评价候选轨迹以进行二次筛选,选取最佳轨迹并完成可视化。为检验算法的可行性,通过搭建双车道的道路环境,设计障碍车不同速度和加速度的多场景进行弯道换道的仿真验证。研究结果表明,本文所提算法能够满足换道的安全性和舒适性需求。同时,在正常换道场景下,乘员在换道过程的97.5%时间处于舒适状态,在紧急避障场景下也能达到平衡安全性与舒适性的目标。

考虑互补效应的城市群多模式客运网络鲁棒性

为了分析城市群客运网络对突发事件的应对能力,从多种交通模式互补视角,基于复杂网络理论构建城市群多模式客运网络模型,应用引力模型建立节点失效后网络性能计算的规则,对城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性进行测度.引入基于鲁棒性的动态互补强度指标,对客运网络间的互补效应(CE)进行量化.对是否考虑CE时的鲁棒性进行对比,分析CE对鲁棒性的提升程度.以关中平原城市群为例进行实例研究,结果表明,在城市群多模式客运网络中,普铁网应对突发事件时的鲁棒性最强,公路网最弱.无论在何种攻击策略下,考虑CE时,城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性均有明显的提升,高铁网、普铁网和公路网的敏感度分别下降了19.1%、29.3%和22.0%.

深圳市轨道交通车站与土地利用互动性研究

城市轨道交通与土地利用发展相互影响,两者协调发展有助于缓解城市交通拥堵,是城市可持续发展的关键问题之一.利用中国深圳市1999年与2015年的建筑普查、土地利用以及轨道交通车站刷卡数据,从开发强度、用地信息熵、车站类型及早晚高峰客流量等多个指标精细化分析轨道交通车站运能与周边土地利用之间的内在联系,并引入“节点-场所”模型构建指标体系评价轨道交通车站与土地利用间的发展协调程度,利用k-means聚类分析将二者协调状态划分为从属状态、平衡状态及失衡状态.结果表明,随着轨道交通车站开发建设,深圳市轨道交通车站周边土地集约利用水平提高;车站客流量与周边土地利用指标的相关性显著,全天客流量与容积率和商办建筑面积显著正相关,早高峰客流量与居住建筑面积和建筑密度显著正相关,而与容积率显著负相关,晚高峰客流量则与商办建筑面积和道路网密度显著正相关.深圳市轨道交通车站与站点周边土地利用协调发展水平偏低,站点类型以节点和场所价值低度均衡发展的从属状态为主,而协调状态则较少且集中分布在中心区圈层.未来应进一步对失衡节点地区采取针对性的开发策略,提升集聚效应与服务水平.

基于信令数据的城市群空铁联程客流识别及预测框架

针对城市群空铁联程客流需求获取困难、客流规律难以把握的问题,提出一套集成空铁联程客流识别及预测模块的综合分析框架.首先,考虑交通枢纽的空间范围及旅客出行的时空特征,提出一种基于信令数据的空铁联程客流识别方法,并挖掘其时空分布规律.然后,在双向门控循环神经网络模型(Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit,BiGRU)的基础上,引入时间周期编码,构建具有时间周期性的双向门控循环神经网络模型(Temporal-Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit,T-BiGRU)对空铁联程客流进行预测.最后,以京津冀城市群为实例,对研究框架进行验证.研究结果表明:京津冀城市群空铁联程客流呈现出明显的聚集分布特征,其中北京南站—天津站—天津滨海机场和北京西站—正定机场站—石家庄正定机场两个场景的联程客流占比最高,超过联程客流总量的65%;T-BiGRU模型可以对联程客流的需求进行精准预测,对两个主要场景的双向联程客流的预测精度均超过了89%,优于多个基线模型.研究结果可为城市群空铁协同发展及空铁联程服务优化提供参考.

重庆市定制客运数字基础设施建设发展研究

重庆定制客运数字基础设施建设服务是充分发挥道路客运比较优势,进一步提升综合运输整体服务效能的有效手段,是在旅客运输市场趋于饱和的现实状况下加快推进道路客运转型升级的必由之路。系统梳理重庆定制客运数字基础设施建设发展现状,分析存在的问题,提出以群众出行需求为导向,让“人跟站走”变成“站随人走”,提升道路客运服务效能和发展质量,重塑人本化、便捷化、智能化的客运服务机制等策略。

基于网络点评的铁路综合交通枢纽服务评价研究

为探讨铁路综合交通枢纽使用现状,提出以网络点评作为数据来源,并基于乘客满意度展开其服务评价研究。将北京西站作为研究对象,对其网络点评数据进行编码处理和语义分析,从3方面剖析北京西站使用现状:①乘客对北京西站的关注度与满意度;②乘客行为与各个空间的关联度程度;③接驳交通、功能空间、商业、设施方面存在的问题。结果表明:北京西站整体乘车体验较好,但存在商业类型单一、慢行系统建设不充分、城市功能较弱等问题。研究展示了利用网络点评数据进行铁路综合交通枢纽使用评价研究的优势,从而为枢纽的建设或更新提供实证基础以及研究思路。

我国高速铁路与民航客运碳排放因子及其影响因素研究

针对高铁与民航碳排放测算可比性较低的问题,首先建立考虑发电与炼油过程的高铁与民航两种客运方式碳排放因子的测算框架与数学模型.其次采用我国目前高速铁路与民航的实际参数,计算两种方式的碳排放因子,并与西方部分发达国家的测算结果进行对比分析.最后基于两种方式碳排放因子值的影响因素分析,提出降低我国高铁与民航碳排放的主要方向.研究结果表明:考虑发电与炼油过程时,民航的碳排放因子约为高铁的3.6~3.9倍.我国高铁碳排放因子由于发电结构原因高于法国、日本与德国;轨道、桥梁、路基、隧道、电气化、车站及动车组等设施设备的更新维护使高速铁路碳排放因子增长约16%;我国民航碳排放因子因客座率高、平均运距大而低于美国、英国与日本;炼油过程与机场碳排放分别约占民航总碳排放的9.4%与4.6%.未来我国高铁的降碳方向为发电结构改善,而民航的降碳方向主要为航空燃料技术的革新.