Multi-Layer Feature Extraction with Deformable Convolution for Fabric Defect Detection

In the textile industry,the presence of defects on the surface of fabric is an essential factor in determining fabric quality.Therefore,identifying fabric defects forms a crucial part of the fabric production process.Traditional fabric defect detection algorithms can only detect specific materials and specific fabric defect types;in addition,their detection efficiency is low,and their detection results are relatively poor.Deep learning-based methods have many advantages in the field of fabric defect detection,however,such methods are less effective in identifying multiscale fabric defects and defects with complex shapes.Therefore,we propose an effective algorithm,namely multilayer feature extraction combined with deformable convolution(MFDC),for fabric defect detection.In MFDC,multi-layer feature extraction is used to fuse the underlying location features with high-level classification features through a horizontally connected top-down architecture to improve the detection of multi-scale fabric defects.On this basis,a deformable convolution is added to solve the problem of the algorithm’s weak detection ability of irregularly shaped fabric defects.In this approach,Roi Align and Cascade-RCNN are integrated to enhance the adaptability of the algorithm in materials with complex patterned backgrounds.The experimental results show that the MFDC algorithm can achieve good detection results for both multi-scale fabric defects and defects with complex shapes,at the expense of a small increase in detection time.

Multi-layer phenomena in petawatt laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions

Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators.A particle-in-cell program(Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light(SEL) 100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with a thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th and U, as well as 200 nm thick Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting target normal sheath acceleration and radiation pressure acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum,ionization and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high-quality heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments as well as thinner metal targets in the precision machining process.

Modeling Locking Angle of the Multi-layered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric in Shear Deformation

This paper introduces the construction of the multi-layered biaxial weft knitted fabric （MBWK fabric） and studies the locking angle of this kind of fabric. Moreover, a locking angle model of the MBWK fabric is established for the first time according to its unique construction. Two kinds of locking angles are considered under different restraint conditions: the locking angle θ1 controlled by the inserting yarns and the locking angle θ2 controlled by the stitch yarns. It is concluded that the ultimate value of the locking angle θ is the larger one of the two angles.

Effect of Phase Change Materials on the Thermal Protective Performance of the Multi-layered Fabrics Examined by TPP Tester under Flash Fire

Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.

面料弹性回复率与心电监测服模型基线不稳伪差关系研究

为了确定制作心电监测服时是否应该考虑针织面料的弹性回复率值,将制作的6个服装模型各采集10次心电图,并将心电电极片采集电信号产生基线不稳伪差程度分为轻微、一般、较严重、严重、强烈五个等级。发现不同弹性回复率面料制作的心电监测服模型所产生的基线不稳伪差程度有显著性差异,即弹性回复率对采集心电信号有很大影响。

排爆服的研究现状与发展

根据爆炸伤害分析、爆炸防护原理,总结排爆服的防护结构。当前排爆服的防护结构多数由排爆服外套及排爆服防护层组成。排爆服外套多为各类阻燃面料,其中芳纶阻燃面料各项性能最佳。排爆服防护层的纤维织物类型包括:芳纶Ⅱ、芳纶Ⅲ、PBO、PI纤维、UHMWPE、碳纤维及M5纤维。对比国内外排爆服的现状及发展,为今后排爆服的进一步研究提供参考。

Constitutive modelling of idealised granular materials using machine learning method

Predicting the constitutive response of granular soils is a fundamental goal in geomechanics.This paper presents a machine learning(ML)framework for the prediction of the stress-strain behaviour and shearinduced contact fabric evolution of an idealised granular material subject to triaxial shearing.The MLbased framework is comprised of a set of mini-triaxial tests which provide a benchmark for the setup and validation of the discrete element method(DEM)model of the granular materials,a parametric DEM simulation programme of virtual triaxial tests which provides datasets of micro-and macro-mechanical information,as well as a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)neural network which is trained and tested using the DEM-based datasets.The ML model only requires the initial void ratio of the granular sample as the input for predicting its constitutive response.The excellent agreement between the ML model prediction and experimental test and DEM simulation results indicates that the MLebased modelling approach is capable of capturing accurately the effects of initial void ratio on the constitutive behaviour of idealised granular materials,bypassing the need to incorporate the complex micromechanics underlying the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of granular materials.Lastly,a detailed comparison between the used MLP model and long short-term memory(LSTM)model was made from the perspective of technical algorithm,prediction accuracy,and computational efficiency.

干式水域救援服用复合织物的性能研究

从我国消防救援一线对水域救援服的实际功能需求出发,通过层压加工试制具有防水透气性能的复合织物,选取市售干式水域救援服用的典型外层面料及膜材料的复合面料,通过防水性、透湿性、力学性能等性能测试,对几种面料进行实用性能对比,研发综合性能优异的干式水域救援服用防水透气复合面料,并以其试制干式水域救援服样衣对其整体防水抗浸性能进行验证。结果表明,本研究试制的高强纤维织物/PTFE膜复合织物的综合性能最优,其耐静水压数值为100 kPa以上,透湿率达7000 g/(m^(2)·d),经纬向撕破强力分别为241,171 N,防水性、透气舒适性、耐用性俱佳,更加适应我国水域救援的实际需求,具有良好的应用前景。

Influence of pre-tension on ballistic impact performance of multi-layer Kevlar 49 woven fabrics for gas turbine engine containment systems

In this paper, ballistic impact tests on wrapped multi-layer Kevlar 49 woven fabric systems were carried out with a flat blade projectile to investigate the impact response during a fan blade out event. The influences of the number of Kevlar layers and pre-tension were discussed particularly. Test results were used to analyze failure modes and energy absorption characteristics of multi-ply Kevlar fabrics. Results show that there are two kinds of impact damage for fabrics： global deformation mainly involving stretching of yarns in the impact region and fabric wrinkle from both sides to the impact zone, and local damage characterized by yarn fracture, yarn pull-out, and yarn unraveling. The energy absorption capability of Kevlar 49 woven fabrics improves with the number of fabric layers. The energy absorbed by multi-layer fabrics increases slightly at the beginning and then decreases substantially with pre-tension. The work in this paper can provide guidance for designing light-weight multi-layer fabrics containment systems.

上海大学博物馆馆藏旗袍研究——20世纪下半叶旗袍设计特征分析

旗袍是中国颇具代表性的女性服饰,相关的研究著作层出不穷。旗袍在中国内地的黄金时期为20世纪上半叶,导致20世纪上下半叶的旗袍研究在数量上呈现明显的失衡。上海大学博物馆馆藏中,有99件旗袍的制作时间集中于20世纪下半叶,是不可多得的实物依据。本文从这批旗袍的面料、装饰、搭配、剪裁、设计元素等角度观察研究,认为这一时期的旗袍设计总体上呈现出三个特点:相较于早期旗袍,在旗袍材质、面料工艺和装饰手法上更为多元杂糅;形成了成熟的套装搭配,且对现代剪裁有了熟练运用;在与现代时尚接轨的同时,开始对早期的传统旗袍元素和传统纹样进行有意保留和致敬。

基于电容感应原理的可按键式演奏服

随着新兴技术的发展,智能服装作为多领域交叉融合的产物应运而生。通过Arduino IDE软件、镀银导电面料和硬件设计制作了基于电容感应原理的可按键式演奏服。设计的核心有两点:1)在Arduino IDE软件里调用CapacitiveSensor库,此方法可赋予主控板引脚电容感应的功能,反映电路中电容的变化;2)使用镀银导电面料作为人体电容的感应端,规避普通传感器的硬质感。基于此在服装袖口处缝制7块镀银导电面料并进行电路连接,手指触摸镀银导电面料获得触发信号,Bluno Nano主控板监测到信号并通过程序控制MP3播放模块和WS2812 LED灯带,7个镀银导电面料按键依次对应钢琴键C大调的do、ri、me、fa、so、la、xi 7个音和7种不同颜色的灯光,触摸不同的镀银导电面料按键便可像钢琴一样弹奏乐曲。演奏服采用光纤面料设计制作了光纤蝴蝶结。通过实验员的试穿与弹奏证明该服装可实现简单钢琴曲的弹奏,且穿着方便,满足现场表演和日常穿着,让随处弹奏成为可能。

消防服用织物的阻燃性能及其TPP值

研究了消防服用多层织物系统的阻燃性能及其TPP值。将耐高温阻燃的Nomex、Kermel和芳砜纶织物与PTFE、TPU和三维阻燃间隔织物组合,模拟消防服的层次构成,通过垂直燃烧试验测试分析外层织物的阻燃性能,通过TPP试验测试分析多层织物系统的综合热防护性能。研究得出:热防护性最好的织物组合是芳砜纶、三维阻燃间隔织物和阻燃棉布,其综合热防护性能TPP值为51.9;最适宜用于消防服的织物组合是NomexⅢA、三维阻燃间隔织物和阻燃棉布,其综合热防护性能TPP值达到50.7;将三维阻燃间隔织物用于消防服结构组成,可取得较好的整体热防护效果且可减轻消防员热负荷。

消防避火服外层织物辐射热防护效能研究

通过对高硅氧玻璃纤维织物(A1)、高硅氧玻璃纤维织物(B1)、连续玄武岩纤维织物(XW)三类消防避火服外层织物材料进行比热容、X射线衍射图谱与热射线反射率等织物辐射热防护性能相关指标的测定,比较了三类消防避火服外层织物材料的防护性能,并从微观纱线分子架构等角度对造成三类材料辐射热防护性能差异的原因逐一进行了解释与分析。根据分析与计算结果,认为纤维内部微观结构与织物辐射热防护能力有着较为紧密的联系,纤维结晶度对织物热射线反射能力的影响显著。

毛涤西服面料的自清洁性能

西服面料的多次洗涤,不仅造成了能源的消耗,还对织物的服用性能造成影响。为最大程度地保证织物外观风格,采用单因素分析和正交试验,对复合纳米粉体进行有效分散,开发研制出一种复合纳米自清洁整理剂,并应用于毛涤混纺西服面料的整理。结果表明,经纳米自清洁整理剂整理过的毛涤西服面料具备良好的光催化自清洁性能。经使用相对织物用量为10%整理剂整理后的毛涤西服面料表现出最好的自清洁效果,在60 h内油渍被大量分解。此整理剂在重复性测试以及耐洗牢度测试中均表现出很好的自清洁效果。

毛/涤西服面料纳米自清洁服用性能测试

为了扩大纳米自清洁整理技术在纺织品上的应用,文章以毛/涤混纺西服面料为主要研究对象,介绍毛/涤西服面料纳米自清洁整理剂的制备和纳米自清洁整理工艺流程。对经过纳米自清洁整理剂整理后的毛/涤西服面料进行了电子扫描显微镜SEM和服用性能的测试,主要有织物的拉伸断裂强力、悬垂性、透气性、织物厚度和保暖性,并分析了以上实验指标对毛/涤西服面料服用性能和织物风格的影响。实验结果表明:经纳米自清洁整理剂整理的毛/涤西服面料基本上保持了原有织物的风格和各种性能。

层压织物在潜水服上的应用

针对传统潜水服材料双面黏结尼龙织物的闭孔泡沫氯丁橡胶海绵的不足,结合国外将层压织物用于潜水服材料的现状,提出了将传统潜水服材料革新为层压织物的设想,并阐述了层压织物用于制作潜水服的优点。

可用于正压防护服的抗菌聚氨酯复合面料研究

采用国内外标准推荐方法检测抗菌聚氨酯复合面料的物理性能、防护性能、耐洗消性能和抗菌性能。结果表明,抗菌聚氨酯复合面料各项物理性能指标和耐微生物液体穿透性能均达到国内外相关标准规定的要求,材料洗消后各项指标无明显变化,对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌抑菌率在99%以上。聚氨酯双面贴膜复合面料各项性能指标均达到正压防护服要求,且具有优良的耐洗消性和抗菌性,柔韧轻便,适合用于研制正压防护服等生物防护装备。

消防避火服复合织物热防护性能的影响因素分析

对不同外层织物种类、不同外层织物层数和不同隔热层厚度的消防避火服复合织物热防护性能进行对比,研究发现:消防避火服外层织物对提升复合织物整体的热防护性能存在着积极的影响;外层织物层数的增加可以明显提高复合织物整体的热防护性能;隔热层织物厚度的增加可以有效增强复合织物的隔热能力,显著提升消防避火服复合织物的热防护能力。

单层织物湿态热防护性能测试与分析

为研究消防服用织物的湿态热防护性能,以4种适宜用作消防服装多层结构的面料为试样,通过热辐射和热对流综合热防护性能实验(TPP实验),测试织物在5种湿状态下热辐射和热对流综合热防护值TPP和二级烧伤时间,比较不同层面料吸湿后热防护性能的变化。用SPSS软件分析了单层织物吸湿后含水率对二级烧伤时间和TPP值的影响。结果显示,在高强度热流量短时间作用情况下,水分有助于提高单层织物的热防护性能。二级烧伤时间和TPP值均随面料含水率的增大而增大,含水率与二级烧伤时间和TPP值之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,并在TPP值、二级烧伤时间与含水率之间建立了一元线性回归方程。

麻类材料在抗菌纺织品的应用展望

麻织物具有天然的抗菌抑菌性能,尤其是对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,人们在穿着麻服装时不但可以充分享受其优良的吸湿、散热、凉爽、挺括等特性,而且可以得到它们天然的保健作用。本文主要介绍了麻的抗菌性能及其在服装上应用的展望。