Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE

Three different kinds of PELE(the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.The lmpact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system.The damage degree and process of each laye r of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed.The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates.For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket,the diameters of holes on the seco nd layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile,re spectively.For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket,due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact,the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times,3.04 times,5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile.Besides,the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate.Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE,the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE.The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material,and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.

Research on the process of fabricating a multi-layer metal micro-structure based on UV-LIGA overlay technology

In this paper,we report the study of the process of fabricating a multi-layermetal micro-structure using UV-LIGA overlay technology,includingmask fabrication,substrate treatment,and UV-LIGA overlay processes.To solve the process problems in the masking procedure,the swelling problemof the first layer of SU-8 thick photoresist was studied experimentally.The 5μmline-width compensation and closed 20μmand 30μmisolation strips were designed and fabricated around the micro-structure pattern.The pore problemin the Ni micro-electroforming layer was analyzed and the electroforming parameters were improved.The pH value of the electroforming solution should be controlled between 3.8 and 4.4 and the current density should be below 3 A/dm^2.To solve the problems of high inner stress and incomplete development of the micro-cylinder hole array with a diameter of 30μm,the lithography process was optimized.The pre-baking temperature was increased via gradient heating and rose every 5℃ from 65℃ to 85℃ and then remained at 85℃ for 50 min–1 h.In addition,the full contact exposure was used.Finally,a multi-layer metal micro-structure with high precision and good quality of microelectroforming layer was fabricated using UV-LIGA overlay technology.

Design of multi-layered porous fibrous metals for optimal sound absorption in the low frequency range

We present a design method for calculating and optimizing sound absorption coefficient of multi-layered porous fibrous metals （PFM） in the low frequency range. PFM is simplified as an equivalent idealized sheet with all metallic fibers aligned in one direction and distributed in periodic hexagonal patterns. We use a phenomenological model in the literature to investigate the effects of pore geometrical parameters （fiber diameter and gap） on sound absorption performance. The sound absorption coefficient of multi- layered PFMs is calculated using impedance translation theorem, To demonstrate the validity of the present model, we compare the predicted results with the experimental data. With the average sound absorption （low frequency range） as the objective function and the fiber gaps as the design variables, an optimization method for multi-layered fibrous metals is proposed. A new fibrous layout with given porosity of multi-layered fibrous metals is suggested to achieve optimal low frequency sound absorption. The sound absorption coefficient of the optimal multi-layered fibrous metal is higher than the single- layered fibrous metal, and a significant effect of the fibrous material on sound absorption is found due to the surface Dorosity of the multi-layered fibrous.

Heavy Metal Control in Domestic Rubbish by Source Screening and Suitability of Nutrient Elements as Turfgrass Medium

This paper, probing into heavy metal control in domestic rubbish by source screening and nutrient element analysis, revealed the feasibility of source control of heavy metals and the suitability of rubbish as turfgrass medium. Heavy metals in domestic rubbish were controlled by source screening before composting. The study consisted of a control with garden soil. The contents of main mineral elements and heavy metals in rubbish compost and control were determined by the method of ICP-AES. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in rubbish were lower than those in garden soil, and little difference occurred between rubbish and garden soil in main mineral element concentrations. Based on this, it was concluded that rubbish compost was favorable for using as turfgrass medium and heavy metal control in rubbish by source screening was effective.

Laser Multi-layer Cladding Experiment on the DD3 Single Crystal Using FGH95 Powder:Investigation on the Microstructure of Single Crystal Cladding Layer

Laser multi\|layer cladding experiments were performed on the substrate of DD3 single crystal with FGH95 powder as cladding material.The solidification microstructure in the sample was investigated.It was found that the solidification microstructure was greatly influenced by the crystallography orientation of the substrate and the local solidification conditions.When the angle between the preferred orientation of the single crystal and the direction of heat flow in the cladding layer is less than 30°,single crystal cladding layers were acquired.Otherwise the crystallography orientation of the cladding layer will deviate from the orientation of the substrate and the microstructure with polycrystalline appears.Meanwhile,even when the experiments were performed on the same preferred crystal surface,the solidification microstructures will be different distinctly resulting from the variation of the local solidification conditions.The secondary arms were degenerated and the primary arm spacing was about 10\|20μm.Further investigation shows that the phases of the cladding layer are mainly made up ofγ,γ′,the flower\|likeγ/γ′eutectic and carbide.The morphology ofγ′was cubical and the size is less than 0.1μm.

Study on an Integrated Sintered Metal Screen Moving Granular Bed Filter

A new gas clean-up process called 'integrated sintered metal screen moving granular bed' (ISMSMGB) for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressured fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) was developed on the basis of a sintered metal candle filter and a cross-flow moving granular bed filter. This is a combination of the surface and deep bed filtering processes. A set of facilities was established and a series of cold model tests were carried out. The dust removal efficiency and the pressure drop of the filter were measured and analyzed. The results show that this process features the advantages of the moving bed for high capacity as well as high inlet dust load and the surface filter for high efficiency. Meanwhile, the granules moving downward cleans the cake on the screen surface, so that the system is operated at steady state.

Large-scale computational screening of metal–organic frameworks for D_(2)/H_(2) separation

Deuterium(D_(2)) is one of the important fuel sources that power nuclear fusion reactors. The existing D_(2)/H_(2) separation technologies that obtain high-purity D_(2) are cost-intensive. Recent research has shown that metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are of good potential for D_(2)/H_(2) separation application. In this work, a high-throughput computational screening of 12020 computation-ready experimental MOFs is carried out to determine the best MOFs for hydrogen isotope separation application. Meanwhile, the detailed structure-performance correlation is systematically investigated with the aid of machine learning. The results indicate that the ideal D_(2)/H_(2) adsorption selectivity calculated based on Henry coefficient is strongly correlated with the 1/ΔAD feature descriptor;that is, inverse of the adsorbility difference of the two adsorbates. Meanwhile, the machine learning(ML) results show that the prediction accuracy of all the four ML methods is significantly improved after the addition of this feature descriptor. In addition, the ML results based on extreme gradient boosting model also revealed that the 1/ΔAD descriptor has the highest relative importance compared to other commonly-used descriptors. To further explore the effect of hydrogen isotope separation in binary mixture, 1548 MOFs with ideal adsorption selectivity greater than 1.5 are simulated at equimolar conditions. The structure-performance relationship shows that high adsorption selectivity MOFs generally have smaller pore size(0.3-0.5 nm) and lower surface area. Among the top 200 performers, the materials mainly have the sql, pcu, cds, hxl, and ins topologies.Finally, three MOFs with high D_(2)/H_(2) selectivity and good D_(2) uptake are identified as the best candidates,of all which had one-dimensional channel pore. The findings obtained in this work may be helpful for the identification of potentially promising candidates for hydrogen isotope separation.

A Simplified Model for the Prediction of the Erosion of a Metal Screen for Sand Control

In oil drilling processes,sand production in the oil layer is a common issue,generally mitigated by means of sand control screens.To prevent or reduce the risk of damage of these screens and to improve the related service life,it is necessary to investigate the related erosion dynamics.In this study,a screen mesh model based on the flow field similarity theory is proposed to overcome the otherwise too complex geometric structure of this type of equipment.Such model is optimized using experimental data.The predicted results are in good agreement with the measured values,and the error is less than 15%.The results also show that the simplified geometric screen model and the optimized Zhang et al.erosion model have high reliability;therefore,they could effective be used to select underground screen meshes and improve the design of production process.

Higher Order Multipole Potentials and Electrostatic Screening Effects on Cohesive Energy and Bulk Modulus of Metallic Nanoparticles

Higher order rnultipole potentials and electrostatic screening effects are introduced to incorporate the dan gling bonds on the surface of a metallic nanopaticle and to modify the coulornb like potential energy terms, respectively. The total interaction energy function for any rnetallic nanoparticle is represented in terms of two- and three-body potentials. The two-body part is described by dipole-dipole interaction potential, and in the three-body part, triple-dipole （DDD） and dipole-dipole-quadrupole （DDQ） terrns are included. The size-dependent cohesive energy and bulk modulus are observed to decrease with decreasing sizes, a result which is in good agreement with the experimental values of Mo and W nanoparticles.

基于机器视觉的大面积触控屏Metal Mesh缺陷检测

由于在大面积触控屏Metal Mesh的生产过程中,曝光机在长时间运行时会出现运行轨迹偏离,造成金属网断线和毛刺等问题.对此,设计了一种用于检测金属网缺陷的机器视觉检测系统,该机器视觉系统能通过工业摄像机采集图像,然后进行图像增强算法祛除环境干扰,Canny边缘检测算法划定图像边界,能快速检测出缺陷和其坐标位置.

Screening of MgO- and CeO_2-Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Oxidative Coupling of Methane to C_(2+) Hydrocarbons

The catalyst screening tests for carbon dioxide oxidative coupling of methane (CO2-OCM) have been investigated over ternary and binary metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts are prepared by doping MgO- and CeO2-based solids with oxides from alkali (Li2O), alkaline earth (CaO), and transition metal groups (WO3 or MnO). The presence of the peroxide (O2-2) active sites on the Li2O2, revealed by Raman spectroscopy, may be the key factor in the enhanced performance of some of the Li2O/MgO catalysts. The high reducibility of the CeO2 catalyst, an important factor in the CO2-OCM catalyst activity, may be enhanced by the presence of manganese oxide species. The manganese oxide species increases oxygen mobility and oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 catalyst. Raman and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopies revealed the presence of lattice vibrations of metal-oxygen bondings and active sites in which the peaks corresponding to the bulk crystalline structures of Li2O, CaO, WO3 and MnO are detected. The performance of 5%MnO/15%CaO/CeO2 catalyst is the most potential among the CeO2-based catalysts, although lower than the 2%Li2O/MgO catalyst. The 2%Li2O/MgO catalyst showed the most promising C2+ hydrocarbons selectivity and yield at 98.0% and 5.7%, respectively.

Fabrication of directional solidification components of nickel-base superalloys by laser metal forming

Straight plates, hollow columns, ear-like blade tips, twist plates withdirectional solidification microstructure made of Rene 95 superalloys were successfully fabricatedon Nickel-base superalloy and DD3 substrates, respectively. The processing conditions for productionof the parts with corresponding shapes were obtained. The fabrication precision was high and thecomponents were compact. The solidification microstructure of the parts was analyzed by opticalmicroscopy. The results show that the solidification microstructure is composed of columnardendrites, by epitaxial growth onto the directional solidification substrates. The crystallographyorientation of the parts was parallel to that of the substrates. The primary arm spacing was about10 mum, which is in the range of superfine dendrites, and the secondary arm was small or evendegenerated. It is concluded that the laser metal forming technique provides a method to manufacturedirectional solidification components.

Synthesis, characterization and biocidal properties of platinum metal complexes derived from 2,6-diacetylpyridine (bis thiosemicarbazone)

The coordination compounds of PdII, PtII, RhIII and IrIII metal ions with a Schiff base ligand (L) i.e. 2,6- diacetylpyridine bis(thiosemicarbazone) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, NMR and electronic spectral studies. On the basis of molar conductance and elemental analyses the complexes were found to have composition [M(L)]Cl2 and [M’(L)Cl]Cl2, where M = Pd(II), Pt(II) and M’ = Rh(III), Ir(III). The spectral studies reveal that the complexes possess monomeric composition. Complexes of PdII and PtII were found to have four coordinated square planar geometry whereas the complexes of RhIII and IrIII posses six coordinated octahedral geometry. The ligand field parameters were calculated using various energy level diagrams. In vitro synthesized compounds and metal salts have been tested against some species of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria in order to assess their antimicrobial properties.

基于放电曲线多特征值和组合聚类算法的液态金属电池筛选研究

高效的电池筛选技术是保障储能电池系统安全性、经济性的关键技术之一。为了满足液态金属电池储能系统构建对单体一致性的要求,提出一种组合聚类方法,通过电池恒流放电期间获得的分选指标进行有效聚类,快速实现液态金属电池筛选。首先,提出一种特征提取框架来准确表征电池放电曲线,主要包括数据采集、数据预处理、特征参数生成、筛选指标生成4个阶段,生成的3个筛选指标,分别是电池曲线第2个拐点电压、对应的时间以及电池在第1个拐点电压前的放电能量。然后,提出基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类和均值漂移的组合聚类电池筛选方法,并提出一种一致性差异指标量化评估聚类效果。最后,通过分析212个200 Ah级液态金属电池的聚类优化效果可知,所提方法可显著减弱差异性较大电池对电池筛选的影响,能够同时实现离群值检测及电池自适应快速精准筛选,并通过动态工况测试证实所提方法可有效提升电池组响应一致性。

便携式重金属电化学传感器研制及其在大米重金属检测中的应用

[目的]建立大米中Cd^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的电化学快速检测方法。[方法]采用一次性丝网印刷电极,基于阳极溶出伏安法,建立了基于同位镀铋电极的便携式电化学传感器。[结果]通过方波伏安法(SWV)、循环伏安法(CV)、计时电流法(I-T)对传感器进行了优化,在最适检测条件下,Cd^(2+)的线性范围为20~80μg/L,Pb^(2+)的线性范围为10~80μg/L,Cd^(2+)的检测限为1.2010μg/L,Pb^(2+)的检测限为0.9639μg/L。[结论]建立的重金属电化学传感器灵敏度高,操作简单、快速、绿色环保。

锌铜合金灰选择性浸出分离回收铜试验研究

锌铜合金灰中含有Cu、Zn、Al、Ni、Sn、Pb等多种有色金属,通过筛分实现不同粒径范围锌铜灰的有效处理,考察了硫酸含量、温度、时间、液固比、转速、氧化剂和焙烧对不同金属选择性浸出的影响。研究结果表明,粒径小于0.15 mm的锌铜灰在750℃下焙烧3 h,再在浸出温度85℃,硫酸含量1.2 g/g灰液固体积质量比5/1、搅拌速度400 r/min、H_(2)O_(2)0.075 mL/g灰的条件下浸出5 h,锌去除率达到93.40%,铜去除率为0.23%,与初始铜灰相比,焙烧浸出后铜灰中的ZnO大量减少;将浸出渣与0.15~0.25 mm粒径范围的铜渣混合,在750℃下焙烧4 h,再在相同条件下,用2 mol/L的硫酸溶液酸洗5 h和水洗的步骤能够去除铜渣中大量的杂质金属元素,酸洗后的铜渣物相组成主要为Cu, Cu元素的比例达到92.52%。

柔性棉织物压力传感器的制备及性能研究

为了探究柔性传感器在使用时的灵敏度和可靠性,选用液态金属镓铟合金作为导电敏感材料,利用丝网印刷工艺在棉织物上印刷液态金属叉指电极,并将其作为底电极;采用超声法制作液态金属锦纶电极,并将其作为压阻层。将压阻层与底电极上下组装成压阻式柔性棉织物压力传感器,并测试其相关性能。结果表明:当施加不同的外力时,柔性压力传感器的电阻随着外力的增加而线性减小;在0 kPa~2 kPa的压力测试范围内,传感器的灵敏度可达到0.397 kPa^(-1);传感器的加载响应时间为0.135 s,卸载响应时间为0.140 s,对外力的变化具有较好的响应性能和稳定性;制备的柔性棉织物压力传感器在人体手腕弯曲检测中,电阻变化率的循环曲线保持一致,传感器在相同角度的反复弯曲运动中提供了稳定的输出。

基于镓基液态金属的电容式柔性压力传感器

旨在设计并测试一种基于镓基液态金属的电容式柔性压力传感器。该传感器由镓基液态金属镓铟锡合金(Galinstan)、炭黑(CB)以及聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)以牺牲模板法制作传感器介电层,同时通过丝网印刷技术将镓基液态金属共晶镓铟合金(EGaIn)印刷于普通织物上制备传感器电极。完成传感器封装后,对传感器进行各项传感性能的测试。测试结果表明,该传感器具备较高灵敏度(0.18 kPa^(-1)),低迟滞性,快速响应时间(140 ms)及恢复时间(180 ms),并展现出优良的循环耐久性和稳定性。此外,还探讨了该传感器在监测人体运动,如自行车踏频监测和步频监测等方面的潜在应用,证明其在运动分析和健康监测领域的有效性。通过这些实验和分析,证实了该传感器作为一种新型柔性压力传感器的可行性和应用潜力,为未来的研究和应用提供了有价值的参考。

Data driven computational design of stable oxygen evolution catalysts by DFT and machine learning:Promising electrocatalysts

The revolutionary development of machine learning(ML),data science,and analytics,coupled with its application in material science,stands as a significant milestone of the scientific community over the last decade.Investigating active,stable,and cost-efficient catalysts is crucial for oxygen evolution reaction owing to the significance in a range of electrochemical energy co nversion processes.In this work,we have demonstrated an efficient approach of high-throughput screening to find stable transition metal oxides under acid condition for high-performance oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts through density functional theory(DFT)calculation and a machine learning algorithm.A methodology utilizing both the Materials Project database and DFT calculations was introduced to assess the acid stability under specific reaction conditions.Building upon this,OER catalytic activity of acid-stable materials was examined,highlighting potential OER catalysts that meet the required properties.We identified IrO_(2),Fe(SbO_(3))_(2),Co(SbO_(3))_(2),Ni(SbO_(3))_(2),FeSbO_(4),Fe(SbO_(3))4,MoWO_(6),TiSnO_(4),CoSbO_(4),and Ti(WO_(4))_(2)as promising catalysts,several of which have already been experimentally discovered for their robust OER performance,while others are novel for experimental exploration,thereby broadening the chemical scope for efficient OER electrocatalysts.Descriptors of the bond length of TM-O and the first ionization energy were used to unveil the OER activity origin.From the calculated results,guidance has been derived to effectively execute advanced high-throughput screenings for the discovery of catalysts with favorable properties.Furthermore,the intrinsic correlation between catalytic performance and various atomic and structural factors was elucidated using the ML algorithm.Through these approaches,we not only streamline the choice of the promising electrocatalysts but also offer insights for the design of varied catalyst models and the discovery of superior catalysts.

欧标铝塑复合带屏蔽综合护套的生产工艺探讨

通过对比双面铝塑复合带和单面铝塑复合带的纵包工艺,对单面铝塑复合带的纵包工艺进行讨论,并对热熔胶的性能选型进行分析,解决了铝塑复合带生产过程中的质量问题,发现单面铝塑复合带不仅可用作综合防水护层,也可起到金属屏蔽的作用,从而降低电缆成本。