Multi-level Flocculation Structures of Fresh Cement Paste by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

Under saturation dosage of all kinds of SP, the free water amount was examined by centrifuge. The distribution of solution and flocculation microstructures in fresh cement paste was observed in three- dimensional space by confocal laser scanning microscope（CLSM）. Results indicate that SP can increase the free water amount by destroying the flocculated cement particle structure and different free water amount is released by different kinds of SP. The changes of the size of flocculation structures and the dispersion of solution were obviously detected with confocal laser scanning microscope： the size of flocculation structures was smaller and more dispersed in fresh cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer, but the size of flocculation structures was bigger and cannot be dispersed uniformly in fresh cement paste with others SP. The multi- level flocculation structures theoretical model of fresh cement paste was then set up. The theory indicates that different kinds of SP with different dispersion strength will open the flocculation structures at different levels, which in turn present different water reducing rate.

Improved Fibroblast Adhesion and Proliferation by Controlling Multi-level Structure of Polycaprolactone Microfiber

Improving wound healing efficiency is a key issue for high performance dressings.The surface topology of fibers in wound dressings plays an important role in regulating cell behaviors during the regeneration.Herein,a polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffold with a shish-kebab structure was prepared by electrospinning and solution-induced crystallization.L929 cells were used to investigate the behavior of fibroblasts on the multi-level microfiber.The results showed that the shish-kebab fiber-based scaffold enhanced the cell proliferation when compared with the normal fiber and the fiber with a porous structure.Protein absorption,cell adhesive force,and cell modulus also increased by the shish-kebab fiber.The shish-kebab fiber-based scaffold with improved fibroblast-regulation ability can be applied in rapid wound healing.

Structural analysis of multi-level detachments and identification of deep-seated anticline

Based on forward modeling of detachment fold, this study presents a method to analyze multi-level detachment structures and identify the authenticity of deep-seated anticlines using time-domain seismic section. The steps include the conversion of the time-migrated seismic image into depth domain image using a constant velocity field, structural interpretation of the depth seismic image, measurement of each structural relief area and each height above reference level, plotting of area-height relationship chart with piecewise fitting etc. The area-depth correlation can help the division of structural sequences, the definition of detachment levels, the calculation of the tectonic shortening, and the identification of deep-seated structure. The segment area-height relationship is a feature of multi-level detachment structures, while little or no linear correlation between area and height is an indicator of non-deformation or pseudo-anticline. Regardless of the uncertainty of area-height relationship, the segment slopes will correspond to the differential shortenings of multi-level detachments, the intersection between adjacent segments will give the height of detachment surface above reference level and then help define the detachment level in original time-domain seismic section. This method can make use of time-domain seismic data to determine the geologic structure of complicated structure areas and assess risks of deep exploration targets. It has achieved good results in southern Junggar and eastern Sichuan areas.

面向任务的重叠联盟结构生成计算复杂性

传统的重叠联盟形成问题大都聚焦智能体,鲜有从任务视角出发.为此,本文首先构建了一种面向任务的重叠联盟结构生成模型,并分析了其解空间和相关决策问题的计算复杂性.此外,基于流网络分别设计了相应的孤立联盟、重叠联盟、重叠联盟结构成功性判别算法和最优重叠联盟结构生成算法.分析结果表明,判别孤立联盟、重叠联盟、重叠联盟结构的成功性的时间复杂度均与智能体数和任务数呈多项式关系,而搜索最优重叠联盟结构的时间复杂度与智能体数和任务数呈指数关系.最后,通过仿真实验验证了上述结果.

我国既有多层住宅加装电梯费用分摊的合作博弈模型及其公理化刻画

本文结合我国当前城市既有多层住宅加装电梯费用分摊问题的实际,引入了具有联盟结构的赋权合作博弈模型。在该类博弈中,参与者将依据现实情况进行结盟,形成所谓的“优先联盟”。在此基础上,提出了被称为权分值的分摊规则,并证明了它可以由可加性、联盟内比例对称性、联盟间比例对称性和空化参与者性四个公理唯一确定。作为这个合作博弈模型的应用,本文将我国城市既有多层住宅加装电梯费用分摊问题可归结为具有联盟结构的赋权合作博弈模型,其中业主为参与者,而每一层的参与者们可看作一个优先联盟。当取适当的权值时,该分摊规则涵盖了我国大部分城市出台的既有多层住宅加装电梯业主费用分摊的指导标准,这为这些标准的完善、推广和实施提供了合理的理论依据。

一带一路背景下基于加权Owen值的多层次合作分配策略

联盟结构合作对策一般涉及两个层次合作:局中人先组成小联盟,然后再以小联盟整体参与大联盟的合作。由于一带一路倡议中小联盟群体参与合作项目往往话语权有限,容易处于收益分配的劣势,从而影响参与合作项目的积极性,因而有必要对联盟结构合作对策及其求解方法做进一步的研究。基于此,我们首先构造一种能够考虑小联盟规模对合作影响的新求解方法——加权Owen值。然后,基于联盟结构合作对策与加权Owen值刻画一带一路倡议下的多层次、复杂交叉的合作关系,获得各个单位参与跨境合作项目可能的收益分配范围及性质。最后,通过算例演示了联盟结构合作对策分配策略的计算方法。因此,基于加权Owen值计算各个单位参与跨境合作项目可能的收益分配范围,为跨境合作的大项目提供一定的决策依据。

Structural geology and favorable exploration prospect belts in northwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China

The northwestern Sichuan region has experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution including marine cratonic basin from the Sinian to the Middle Triassic and intra-continental basin from the Late Triassic to the Cenozoic. Several regional tectonic activities caused complicated stratigraphic distribution and structural deformations in the deep-buried layers. During the key tectonic periods, some characteristic sedimentary and deformation structures were formed, including the step-shaped marginal carbonate platform of Dengying Formation, the western paleo-high at the end of Silurian, and the passive continental margin of the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic. The Meso-Cenozoic intra-continental compressional tectonic processes since the Late Triassic controlled the formation of complex thrusting structures surrounding and inside the northwestern basin. The northern Longmenshan fold-thrust belt has a footwall in-situ thrust structure,which is controlled by two sets of detachments in the Lower Triassic and Lower Cambrian and presents as a multi-level deformation structure with the shallow folds, the middle thin-skin thrusts and the deeper basement-involved folds. The thrust belt in front of the Micangshan Mountain shows a double-layer deformation controlled by the Lower Triassic salt detachment, which is composed by the upper monocline and deep-buried imbricate thrust structures. The interior of the basin is characterized by several rows of large-scale basement-involved folds with NEE strike direction. From the perspective of structural geology, the favorable exploration reservoirs and belts in northwestern Sichuan have obvious zoning characteristics. The favorable exploration layers of Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian are mainly distributed in the eastern and northern areas of the northwestern Sichuan Basin, in which the Jiulongshan structural belt, Zitong syncline and Yanting slope are the most favorable. The Lower Paleozoic was transformed by Caledonian paleo-uplift and late Cenozoic folding, and the midwest area such as the Zitong syncline is a potential area for hydrocarbon exploration. The favorable part of the Upper Paleozoic is mainly distributed in the northern Longmenshan belt and its frontal area, where the deep-buried thin-skin thrust structures in the footwall are the key exploration targets.

Strategically supported cooperation in dynamic games with coalition structures

The problem of strategic stability of long-range cooperative agreements in dynamic games with coalition structures is investigated. Based on imputation distribution procedures, a general theoretical framework of the differential game with a coalition structure is proposed. A few assumptions about the deviation instant for a coalition are made concerning the behavior of a group of many individuals in certain dynamic environments.From these, the time-consistent cooperative agreement can be strategically supported by ε-Nash or strong ε-Nash equilibria. While in games in the extensive form with perfect information, it is somewhat surprising that without the assumptions of deviation instant for a coalition, Nash or strong Nash equilibria can be constructed.

多任务并发边缘计算环境中最优联盟结构生成策略

针对求解最优联盟结构时搜索空间大、效用低等问题,提出了一种基于离散最近过去位置更新策略的多进制离散粒子群优化(MDPSO-DRPPUS)算法。首先,使用基于索引的编码方式编码联盟结构。其次,将多目标优化问题转化为联盟结构的特征值函数。最后,使用MDPSO-DRPPUS算法进行最优联盟结构的搜索。实验表明,与多进制离散粒子群优化(MDPSO)算法和遗传算法(GA)相比,所提算法运行时间大幅度降低,联盟结构的效益、均衡性和边缘节点的完成任务效率都有所提高。

具有图结构和联盟结构的Banzhaf值及应用

Banzhaf值是经典可转移效用合作对策中一个著名的分配规则,可以用来评估参与者在对策中的不同作用。本文将Banzhaf值推广到具有联盟结构和图结构的TU-对策中,首先提出并定义了具有联盟结构和图结构的Banzhaf值(简称PL-Banzhaf值),证明了PL-Banzhaf值满足公平性、平衡贡献性和分割分支总贡献性,并给出了该值的两种公理性刻画。其次,讨论了PL-Banzhaf值在跨国天然气管道案例中的应用,并和其他分配规则进行了比较分析。

具有联盟结构的Banzhaf值

Banzhaf值是(效用可转移)合作对策中一个著名的分配规则,它起源于投票对策,而后被Owen推广到一般合作对策中。经典的Banzhaf值以每个参与者对所有联盟边际贡献的期望值决定该参与者的支付,并假设任何参与者间均可达成合作形成可行联盟。然而,现实参与者间的合作受地域、亲疏关系等因素的影响,相同地域或历史合作关系更加紧密的参与者间更容易达成合作,形成优先联盟。在合作对策中,考虑参与者之间可能存在由优先联盟形成的联盟结构,本文定义了一种新的具有联盟结构的Banzhaf值,称为C-Banzhaf值。首先,证明了C-Banzhaf值可以由分割内合并性和标准性所唯一刻画。其次,以某公司股东大会进行决策为例,利用C-Banzhaf值分析了各股东的权力指数,并与其他值做了对比分析。

基于分布式分支界限算法的产消者联盟电能交易策略

随着分布式能源在配电网中的高比例渗透,产消者作为新型主体参与市场竞争日益受到关注。基于合作博弈的产消者联盟电能交易可增加产消者的整体收益,产消者采用动态联盟结构可提升对环境变化的适应协调能力。为此,提出基于多代理系统(MAS)的产消者联盟运行框架,以及在此框架下产消者联盟电能交易的双层优化模型。上层模型使用分布式分支界限算法求解最优联盟结构下的产消者电能交易策略;下层模型根据更新的交易电价调整产消者购售电计划。最后通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的合理性、有效性及模型的可扩展性。

Using Computational Intelligence Algorithms to Solve the Coalition Structure Generation Problem in Coalitional Skill Games

Coalitional skill games （CSGs） are a simple model of cooperation in an uncertain environment where each agent has a set of skills that are required to accomplish a variety of tasks and each task requires a set of skills to be completed, but each skill is very hard to be quantified and can only be qualitatively expressed. Thus far, many computational questions surrounding CSGs have been studied. However, to the best of our knowledge, the coalition structure generation problem （CSGP）, as a central issue of CSGs, is extremely challenging and has not been well solved. To this end, two different computational intelligence algorithms are herein evaluated： binary particle swarm optimization （BPSO） and binary differential evolution （BDE）. In particular, we develop the two stochastic search algorithms with two-dimensional binary encoding and corresponding heuristic for individual repairs. After that, we discuss some fundamental properties of the proposed heuristic. Finally, we compare the improved BPSO and BDE with the state-of-the-art algorithms for solving CSGP in CSGs. The experimental results show that our algorithms can find the same near optimal solutions with the existing approaches but take extremely short time, especially under the large problem size.

The Symmetric Banzhaf Value for Fuzzy Games with a Coalition Structure

In this paper,a generalized form of the symmetric Banzhaf value for cooperative fuzzy games with a coalition structure is proposed.Three axiomatic systems of the symmetric Banzhaf value are given by extending crisp case.Furthermore,we study the symmetric Banzhaf values for two special kinds of fuzzy games,which are called fuzzy games with multilinear extension form and a coalition structure,and fuzzy games with Choquet integral form and a coalition structure,respectively.

Application of biochar-based materials in environmental remediation:from multi-level structures to specific devices

The development of biochar has triggered a hot-spot in various research fields including agriculture,energy,environment,and materials.Biochar-based materials provide a novel approach against environmental challenging issues.Considering the rapid development of biochar materials,this review serves as a valuable platform to summarize the recent progress on the theoretical investigation and engineering applications of biochar materials in environmental remediation.For a better understanding of the structure-application relationships,the structural properties of biochar from macroscopic and microscopic aspects are summarized.The multilevel structures including elements,phases,surface chemistry,and molecular are highlighted to elucidate the multi-functional properties of biochars.Sorption,catalysis,redox reaction,and biological activity of biochar are briefly illustrated,which influence the transport,transformation,and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in the environments.According to the multi-level structures and structure-application relationships of biochar,specific biochar-based materials and devices have been designed for practical environmental application.The important progress on the functionalization and device of biochar-based materials,including magnetic biochars,2D and 3D biochar-based macrostructures,immobilized microorganism on biochar,and biochar-amended biofilters are highlighted.The environmental friendliness and sustainability of biochar-based materials,considering the whole cycle from synthesis to application,are evaluated.

Traffic Scene Captioning with Multi-Stage Feature Enhancement

Traffic scene captioning technology automatically generates one or more sentences to describe the content of traffic scenes by analyzing the content of the input traffic scene images,ensuring road safety while providing an important decision-making function for sustainable transportation.In order to provide a comprehensive and reasonable description of complex traffic scenes,a traffic scene semantic captioningmodel withmulti-stage feature enhancement is proposed in this paper.In general,the model follows an encoder-decoder structure.First,multilevel granularity visual features are used for feature enhancement during the encoding process,which enables the model to learn more detailed content in the traffic scene image.Second,the scene knowledge graph is applied to the decoding process,and the semantic features provided by the scene knowledge graph are used to enhance the features learned by the decoder again,so that themodel can learn the attributes of objects in the traffic scene and the relationships between objects to generate more reasonable captions.This paper reports extensive experiments on the challenging MS-COCO dataset,evaluated by five standard automatic evaluation metrics,and the results show that the proposed model has improved significantly in all metrics compared with the state-of-the-art methods,especially achieving a score of 129.0 on the CIDEr-D evaluation metric,which also indicates that the proposed model can effectively provide a more reasonable and comprehensive description of the traffic scene.

THE GENERALIZED SYMMETRIC COALITIONAL BANZHAF VALUE FOR MULTICHOICE GAMES WITH A COALITION STRUCTURE

With respect to multichoice games with a coalition structure,a coalitional value named the generalized symmetric coalitional Banzhaf value is defined,which is an extension of the Shapley value for multichoice games and the symmetric coalitional Banzhaf value for traditional games with a coalition structure.Two axiomatic systems are established:One is enlightened by the characterizations for the symmetric coalitional Banzhaf value,and the other is inspired by the characterizations for the Banzhaf value.

COOPERATIVE GAMES ON CONVEX GEOMETRIES WITH A COALITION STRUCTURE

这份报纸主要是与联盟结构在凸的几何学上讨论合作比赛，它能与联盟结构被看作合作比赛的延期。为这种比赛，在工会之中并且在每个工会以内的合作将是凸的集合，即，联盟结构和每个工会的可行子集分别地属于凸的几何学。为这种游戏的概括欧文值的明确的形式被给，它能被看作欧文值的扩展。而且，这种比赛的二种特殊情况被研究。相应发薪索引也被学习。最后，一个解说性的例子被给。

An Axiomatization of Probabilistic Owen Value for Games with Coalition Structure

In the framework of games with coalition structure, we introduce probabilistic Owen value which is an extension of the Owen value and probabilistic Shapley value by considering the situation that not all priori unions are able to cooperate with others. Then we use five axioms of probabilistic efficiency, symmetric within coalitions, symmetric across coalitions applying to unanimity games, strong monotone property and linearity to axiomatize the value.

一种任一时间联盟结构生成算法

联盟形成是多 Agent系统中的一个关键问题 .人们寻求能极大化联盟值的总和的联盟结构 ,但通常情况下可能的联盟结构的数目太大 ,以致不允许进行穷尽搜索而找出最优解 .给出了一个算法 ,可在最小搜索量内保证找到一个与最优解相距在一个限界内的联盟结构 .然后 ,这个任一时间算法进一步搜索 ,渐进地给出越来越低的限界 ,并急剧地降低这个限界 ,在这一阶段 ,此算法明显地优于由 Sandholm等人给出的算法 .