Multi-level fuzzy comprehensive appraisal on social effects of projects

The application of multi-level fuzzy comprehensive appraisal on social effects of projects has been studied. The principles for setting up an index system have been analyzed and the index system has been set up according to projects of construction. Models for multi-level fuzzy comprehensive appraisal have been offered and relative calculation steps have been given according to project instances.

Assessing Actuarial Projections Accuracy: Traditional vs. Experimental Strategy

This paper gives an overview of the Lee Carter method and reiterates the feasibility of using it to construct mortality forecast for the population data. In a first step, the model is fitted in a traditional way and used to extrapolate forecast of the time-varying mortality index. The observed pattern of the mortality rates shows a different variability at different ages, highlighting that the homoscedasticity hypothesis is quite unrealistic. Thus, in a second step, the paper aims to produce more reliable mortality forecasting, focusing on the errors in the estimation of the model parameters. The robustness of the estimated parameter is analysed throughout an experimental strategy which allows to assess the robustness of the Lee Carter model by inducing the errors to satisfy the homoscedasticity hypothesis. The graphical and numerical results are tested by means of a comparison in terms of prediction accuracy.

The BOUT Project; Validation and Benchmark of BOUT Code and Experimental Diagnostic Tools for Fusion Boundary Turbulence

A boundary plasma turbulence code BOUT is presented. The preliminary encour- aging results have been obtained when comparing with probe measurements for a typical Ohmic discharge in HT-7 tokamak. The validation and benchmark of BOUT code and experimental diagnostic tools for fusion boundary plasma turbulence is proposed.

Qinghai-Tibet Expressway experimental research

As one part of the National Highway Network Planning in China, the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway （QTE） from Golmud to Lhasa will be built in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） across about 630 km of permafrost lands. Due to the problematic interactions between the engineering foundations and permafrost, the frozen-soil roadbed of the QTE will be subjected to the more intense thermal disturbances due to the wider black surface. The design and construction for long-term thermal and mechanical stability will face more severe challenges than those in ordinary highways and railways in the same region. In order to provide scientific support for cold regions engineering practices, the QTE Experimental Demonstration Project （EDP） was constructed in situ in the vicinity of the Beilu＇he Permafrost Station in the interior of the QTP. In this paper, the anticipated problems of the proposed QTE project are enumerated, and the structures of the test sections for QTE EDP are described. Through numerical simulations, it was found that the heat transfer processes occurring in each specific road structure are significantly different. The heat accumulation in the highway embankment is mainly due to the black bituminous pavement, but in the railway embankment with its gravel surfaces, it mainly comes from the side slopes. As a result, the net heat accumulation of the highway embankment is three times higher than that in the railway. In expressway, the heat accumulation is further increased because of the wider pavement so that significantly more heat will be accumulated in the roadbed beneath the centerline area. Thus, the thermal stability of the fro- zen-soil roadbed and the underlying permafrost of the QTE can be seriously threatened without proper engineering measures protection against thawing. Based on research and practical experiences from the operating Qinghai-Tibet Railway （QTR） and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway （QTH）, combined with the predicted characteristics of heat transfer in an expressway embankment, nine kinds of engineering measures for mitigating the thaw settlement of foundation soils through the cooling the roadbed soils were built and are being tested in the EDP. The design of the monitoring system for the EDP and the observed parameters were also described.

A Cooperative Activity on Quenching Process Simulation Japanese IMS-VHT Project on the Benchmark Analysis and Experiment

Japanese IMS-VHT project on the Virtual Heat Treatment tool for monitoring and optimising HT process in relation with the international cooperative programs is briefly introduced. This project motivates to develop virtual tools for computer to optimize the heat treatment condition and to support decision for HT operation by knowledge based database in addition to process simulation. As one of the activities with the cooperation of the Society of Materials Science, Japan and the Japan Society for Heat Treatment, a benchmark project is undergoing. This includes simulation of carburized quenching process of a cylinder, disc, and ring as well as a helical gear by use of common data of materials properties and cooling characteristics by several available simulation programs. A part of the newly obtained results is presented as an interim report.

Construction and Practice of Cloud-based Experiment and Innovation Project Supporting Platform for Computer Science Education

Higher and more requirements on experiments and innovation projects of computer science courses is brought forward to promote the "Double First Class". For these requirements, the cloud-based experiment and innovation project supporting platform is introduced in this paper. On the one hand, the platform could satisfy the diversified resource requirements of both teachers and students in course experiments and innovation projects. On the other hand, the feature of "construct once and access anywhere" could achieve higher resource utilization rate and lower costs than the traditional "lab-based" experiment mode. The supporting platform has been applied to practice and gains a lot of positive feedbacks.

基于Proteus仿真的微机原理与应用研究性实验教学项目设计

实验教学是《微机原理与应用》课程教学的重要组成部分,针对实验内容单一、开放性与启发性不足等问题,开展了基于Proteus仿真的综合实验项目设计。该实验以电压报警系统的实现为目标,基于研究性教学思想设计了由电压采集、并行接口控制、电压值显示、声光报警以及紧急事件5个子实验项目构成的阶梯递进式实验内容,形成了以目标为引导的实验教学体系。实践证明,Proteus仿真软件能够充分发挥研究性教学思想,有效激发学生主动学习和自主实践的兴趣,提高运用理论知识解决综合工程问题的能力,对科学研究思维和创新实践精神的培养有着积极的促进作用。

自然对流下蒸汽凝结表面传热系数测定实验装置研制

自然对流下蒸汽凝结表面传热系数测定实验是将蒸汽通过一组表面状态各不相同的管道,测定管道在大空间空气介质中自然冷却过程中的蒸汽凝结表面传热系数。由于管道的材质、几何形状、接触方式及管外空气流动状况都会不同程度地影响换热效果,因此测定每根管道的表面传热系数值,可条理性和系统性地分析影响传热过程的各因素。该文设计了自然对流下蒸汽凝结表面传热系数测定实验装置,可开展管道材质、肋片结构、管道横截面几何形状、管道保温材料对传热系数的影响实验研究。应用实践表明,实验项目内容全面,提高了学生的课堂积极性,具有良好的教学效果。

“无线组网与性能测试”综合教学实验设计

针对综合实验中知识点融会贯通不够,工程性不强等问题,设计了“无线组网与性能测试”综合实验。以应急通信、军事演习为背景,涵盖环境勘察、链路预算、组网设计、性能测试、技术优化等环节,设置多层任务,逐步提升学生解决复杂问题的综合能力,培养学生不断探索的科学精神。紧跟通信行业发展,提出以“学生为中心”,采用“组内协作、组间较量”机制,创新任务驱动的PBL教学,构建“多维度、全方位”的评价机制。有助于学生专业知识的综合运用和工程素养与科学思维的培养,最终形成学生自身的知识架构,实现实验教学的“铸魂性、创新性、高阶性、挑战度”。

大学生创新性实验计划项目的实施情况、影响因素及对策研究

为了解大学生创新性实验计划项目的实施情况及存在的问题,以昆明医科大学第二附属医院2020年获资助的大学生创新性实验计划项目为研究对象进行问卷调查,从简况、选题及研究内容的确定、项目投入人员数对比、教师的指导情况和结题通过情况5个维度进行调查,分析影响实施的因素,并提出相应的对策。

城市地下工程课程试验教学改革与创新

根据工程专业育人特点,进行育人、育才、知识、能力相统一的目标设定,在研究型本科教育理念为先导的教育教学体系基础上,运用以PBL项目教学为引导的CDIO教学模式,将社会主义核心价值观、开拓创新、安全第一、沟通协作等思政元素与专业知识教学相结合,创新改革北京市精品课程城市地下工程课程试验内容。经实践证明,学生的试验能力与协作水平有效提高,正确的价值观、世界观得以塑造,为今后土木相关专业课程试验思政实践教学提供思路。

基于3M-PBL-OBE的机械工程实验教学体系改革与实践

针对传统实验教学中存在以认知体验为主、缺乏连贯层次化设计和过度依赖实验报告等问题,以装备设计制造能力培养为导向,融合基于模型设计(MBD)、虚实结合的机电概念设计(MCD)、制造执行系统MES等理念方法,建立以项目式学习为驱动的层次递进式实验教学构架,改革现有专业课程实践知识体系,培养能够解决复杂工程问题的高质量机械工程人才。通过持续实践,取得了明显的成效。

基于拔尖人才培养的可视化实训平台构建研究

基于现代网络信息技术搭建的可视化实践实训平台,是一种以实际操作为学习任务,集“教学+实践技能培养+评核”多功能性新方式,是提升教学质量与教学效果的有效途径。南京医科大学药学院以药学拔尖创新人才培养为教学目标,进行以生药学课程为例的可视化实训平台体系化构建以及“贯通性”实践项目的教、培、评相结合教学探索,促进学生“三专协调”发展,强化综合技能与素质教育,调动学生主观积极能动性,提高学生创新思辨能力和拔尖人才培养效果。

程序设计课程实验教学改革与在线学习数据分析

针对程序设计课程实验教学中,学生学习能力具有差异性,且教学活动形式单一、过程性指导与考核难落地等问题,以项目制方式整合设计6个层次的实验教学内容,建设多种信息化平台,实施递进式实验教学。对借助平台记录的任务总耗时、评测次数、代码修改行数等过程性数据进行深度分析,综合考察学生的实验学习效率与期末考试成绩之间的相关性。围绕学生个体学习效果数据的评价,为教师教学改进提供了依据,提高了实验教学的针对性。分层递进式实验教学的实施,增加了课程的外延实验学习,充分满足了不同学生的学习需求,培养了他们的程序设计和计算思维能力,为其后续专业学习打下良好基础。

“以废治废”综合性实验项目的教学改革与实践研究

开展基于“以废治废”综合性实验项目的教学改革,研究其对培养材料科学与工程专业学生专业意识与素养的有效性和独特性,并积极推行该项目在本科生专业实验中的制度建设和管理创新,总结了《“以废治废”综合性实验项目》课程在教学设计、内容建设、实验模式、方法研究、专业技能等方面教学实践,结果表明,该实验建设对培养本专业本科人才科研素养和学科交叉融合思路是一种有效的实验教学探索,对于开拓学生创新意识和促进跨学科合作的发展具有重要意义。

新农科背景下“大创”计划项目与创新人才培养探讨

在新农科建设背景下,园艺学实验教学中心通过搭建平台、提供设备及信息、开展技术与安全培训等方式来助力“大学生创新创业计划项目”的开展。从立项数量与类型、立项数量构成与学生参与度等4个方面阐述“大创”训练计划项目的实施现状,同时针对存在的问题提出搭建开放平台、规范实验操作、发挥资源优势、提供信息互享4个解决对策,以此来推动“大创”项目开展与创新人才培养。

基于生物科普的多元化科学试验项目探索

生物科普是提高科学素养的重要途径之一,而多元化的科学试验项目是实现这一目标的有效手段之一。本项目以生物科学理论为基础,通过线上与线下平台结合,设计出创意试验、科技制作及科学知识竞赛等内容丰富、种类多样、接受程度高的多元化生物科普活动。试验项目以人为本,具有可行性、趣味性和实用性,使参与者化被动接受为主动探索,在动手操作中探究科学问题。实践结果表明,多元化科学试验项目能够激发参与者的兴趣,拓宽其知识视野,提高其生物科学知识水平和科学探究能力,加强生物科普实践活动建设,从而有效强化创新意识和科学思维。

融合工程实践项目的风工程类实验教学探索

根据目前土木工程专业课实验教学现状,从重视程度、硬件条件、组织管理和考核方式四个方面分析存在的问题,提出以解决实际工程项目问题为主线的实验教学方法,采用“学生为中心,小组为单位”的教学模式,优化成绩评定标准,引导学生建立系统的知识体系,激发学生积极参与实验探索的兴趣和动力。以风荷载实验教学为例,讨论了教学改革方案的实施情况。从课后反馈可以看出,该教学方法培养了学生分析解决问题和团队协作能力,并明显提升了学生的科研创新能力,教学效果较为显著。

科研项目成果在通识课程中的教学实践与探索

以“众里寻他千百度——核酸检测的应用”实验项目为例,探索将科研项目的部分内容应用于高校生物类通识课程的实践经验。该项目以拟南芥T-DNA插入突变体为材料,通过基因组DNA的提取、PCR检测和条带分析等,探讨核酸检测技术在科学研究和医学检验中的应用,涵盖一个完整的富含生物学特色的科研过程。该项目在通识课程中的实践,使非生物专业的学生在获得生物学核酸提取相关知识点和实验技能点的同时,了解生物学科研项目的实施过程;同时,通过鼓励学生思考核酸检测技术手段发展的背景、过程和意义,培养学生的发散性思维和创新实践能力,为培养新时代全面创新型人才奠定基础。