Analysis of the Current Situation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Shaanxi Province

To understand the current situation of institutional registration in Shaanxi Province after the implementation ofregistration system management in drug clinical trial institutions.Relevant information was collected on the“Announcement on the Accreditation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions”issued by the National Medical Products Administration from 2005 to August 2022,the record management information system of drug and medical device clinical trial institutions,and the drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform.A retrospective analysis was carried out in terms of institutional development,regional distribution,registered majors,principal investigators,and the number of drug clinical trials.After the implementation of institution registration,the number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province increased by 47.4%,884 principal investigators were registered,the number of registered majors expanded from 58 qualified to 117,and the professional scope increased by 50.4%.The policy of institution registration is conducive to promoting the rational use of medical resources and the development of drug clinical trial institutions and improving the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry in Shaanxi Province.

Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

A Comparative Analysis of Casual Conversation and Institutional Talk

This article reflects on the process of transcribing spoken interaction and makes a comparative analysis of two different varieties of spoken interaction(casual conver- sation and institutional talk). By doing so, it reveals how the different purposes of speech result in their distinctive characteristics, and shows how language is struc- tured to construct ideational meanings(Field) and interpersonal meanings(Tenor) that define each context.

Neighborhood Effects and Political Trust: A Multi-level Analysis of Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrants’ Trust in County Government

Massive rural-to-urban migration in China is consequential for political trust: rural-to-urban migrants have been found to hold lower levels of trust in local government than their rural peers who choose to stay in the countryside (mean 4.92 and 6.34 out of 10, respectively, p < 0.001). This article explores why migrants have a certain level of political trust in their county-level government. Using data of rural-to-urban migrants from the China Family Panel Survey, this study performs a hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to unpack the multi-level explanatory factors of rural-to-urban migrants’ political trust. Findings show that the individual-level socio-economic characteristics and perceptions of government performance (Level-1), the neighborhood-level characteristics-the physical and social status and environment of neighborhoods (Level-2), and the objective macroeconomic performance of county-level government (Level-3), work together to explain migrants’ trust levels. These results suggest that considering the effects of neighborhood-level factors on rural-to-urban migrants’ political trust merits policy and public management attention in rapidly urbanizing countries.

Estimating the impact of antenatal care visits on institutional delivery in India: A propensity score matching analysis

Literature asserts that prenatal care is an imperative factor for subsequent health care utilization. However, in the Indian settings presence of selection bias while determining the impact of ANC visits on institutional delivery has been overlooked by the researchers. Therefore this paper aims to examine the net impact of ANC visits on subsequent utilization of institutional delivery after removing the presence of selection bias using recent round of National Family Health survey data. The analysis has been carried out in two separate models, in the first model 1-2 ANC visits been compared with no visit and in the second model three or more antenatal care visits with no visit. The propensity score matching analysis used in this study sheds new light into this line of research which provides an effective strategy for controlling the confounding influence of institutional delivery. Employing the propensity score matching estimation approach we found women who made 1-2 ANC visits had 6.6 percent higher chance to deliver in an institution compared to women who made no visit. In addition, if a woman visited health centre three or more than three times, her chances were 31 percent higher to deliver in an institution. Result based on sensitivity analysis suggests that selection bias on unobserved covariates would have to be around 40 percent to alter the impact of 1-2 ANC visits. Findings suggest that interventions which plan to increase institutional delivery should target pregnant women who come for ANC checkups at institution first time, and health workers should encourage women to return to the health centre for more numbers of visits, as our results indicate that three or more ANC visits significantly change the women’s attitudes towards institutional delivery.

Influences of Institutional Pressures on Corporate Social Performance： Empirical Analysis on the Panel Data of Chinese Power Generation Enterprises

Institutional theory has proved the influence of institutional pressures on organization practices and structures. Meanwhile, with the soaring use of corporate social performance （CSP）, more researchers are focusing on exploring the relationship between institution pressures and CSP which is still not completely understood yet. Against this background, the paper aims to fill the gap through generally hypothesizing that different types of institutional pressures individually and collectively affect CSP via the mediating effect of corporate environmental strategy. First, based on the previous and extensive literature review, the theoretical framework and research hypotheses are constructed. Next, canonical correlation analysis about the panel data of 51 Chinese large-scale power generation enterprises from 2004 to 2009 is made to test the relevant hypotheses. Finally, based on the data analysis results, the study draws some conclusions and policy implications for promoting the CSP of Chinese enterprises, including enhancing the steering function of government policies and industry regulations and emphasizing the intermediary role of media.

Research on the Construction Mechanism of Community Participation Subject from the Perspective of Institutional Analysis

The article combines institutional change and social participation of the subjects. By investigating the expanding of community subject and gradually cultivating their ability to participate,we can test the achievements of community development in our country,and lay a foundation for reaching the social development goals.

A New Rational-based Optimal Design Strategy of Ship Structure Based on Multi-level Analysis and Super-element Modeling Method

A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of high time cost in adopting a rational-based optimal design method for ship structural design. Furthermore,the method was verified by its effective application in optimization of the mid-ship section of a container ship. A full 3-D FEM model of a ship,suffering static and quasi-static loads, was used as the analyzing object for evaluating the structural performance of the mid-ship module, including static strength and buckling performance. Research results reveal that this new method could substantially reduce the computational cost of the rational-based optimization problem without decreasing its accuracy, which increases the feasibility and economic efficiency of using a rational-based optimal design method in ship structural design.

Sustainability in Higher Education Institutions(HEI):Merging the Study Systematic Review,Analysis Content and Bibliometrics

This study aims to explore how the topic of sustainability in Higher Education Institutions(HEI)has been addressed in the scientific literature.It presents a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1975 and 2019.After that,bibliometric and content analyses were performed in order to identify the behavior and evolution of the literature and identify the frequency with which they appear in the text,making it possible to raise replicable and valid inferences to the data.The results of this study indicate that the theme is emerging since the year 2010 and with a strong focus on qualitative studies,focused on critical theory.The results indicate that although studies involve the tripod environment,economy,and society,there is still a gap in studies that deal with specific issues to solve practical problems and that analyze the impacts from a more holistic perspective.The combination of methods made it possible to identify and interpret the articles in the selected sample,but based on results reported by other authors,with little room for quality control and integrity.

Analysis of Current Situation of Fancy Rope Skipping Curriculum in Regular Institutions of Higher Learning in Sichuan Province

This paper adopts the research methods such as literature material method, questionnaire investigation method, expert interview method and mathematical statistics to investigate and study the conditions of fancy rope skipping curriculum in 22 universities in Sichuan. The research shows that the university teachers highly recognize the fancy rope skipping curriculum; construction of teaching resources should be strengthened; cultivation of the professional teaching staffs should be strengthened; in terms of teaching materials, more premium teaching materials with high pertinence and professionalism are needed; the promotion and implementation of the curriculum system of fancy rope skipping should be boosted in different steps and stages; cultivation of the professional teachers should be enlarged; related scientific research of the curriculum system of fancy rope skipping should be strengthened.

Research progress in rehabilitation treatment of stroke patients A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND： Stroke presents as a transient or chronic brain dysfunction and is associated with high morbidity and high mortality. The doctors and scientists would like to argue how to enhance the validity of the rehabilitation treatment and how to further improve the level of treatment on stroke. OBJECTIVE： The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze the current worldwide progress in research on stroke rehabilitation treatment based on Web of Science database and CiinicalTrial.gov in the past 10 years. METHODS： We conducted a quantitative analysis of clinical trial articles regarding stroke rehabilitation published in English from 2003 to 2013 and indexed in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials registry and Web of Science databases. Data were downloaded on March 15, 2013. RESULTS： （1） From 2003 to 2013, 2 654 clinical trials investigating stroke were indexed in ClinicalTrials.gov. There were only 58 clinical trials registered in 2003, and there was a marked increase from 2005. A total of 605 clinical trials on the rehabilitation of stroke were conducted in the past 10 years. （2） The analysis showed that most of the trials in the field were registered by North American institutions. With respect to the Asian countries, China and Taiwan Region of China also published a reasonable proportion of the trials, but comparatively speaking, the number of trials is really rare. Most of the interventions were drugs, followed by the devices, and behavioral interventions were ranked third. （3） In the past 10 years, there were 4 052 studies on stroke indexed by Web of Science database. CONCLUSION： From perspective of research progress, we found that the number of clinical trials and papers on stroke rehabilitation has increased significantly in the past 10 years, between them a remarkable positive correlation exists.

Regional Financial Development and Regional Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of Suzhou City, China

There are many defects in researches on the relationship of the regional financial development (FD) and economic growth of China, such as simply assuming the causality direction, not highlighting financial institution, using incomplete financial indicator, etc. This article, taking Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, China as a case, builds a simple model to study the level of FD from three aspects of financial scale, structure and institution. Three original indicators of PRIVY (private investment/aggregate investment), DEPTH (aggregate loan/GDP) and FDIVG (FDI/GDP) are used to construct the FD economic indicator through Principal Component Analysis approach. Then we use Granger method to analyze the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou. Empirical test results show that the FD of Suzhou is the Granger reason of economic growth, while economic growth is not the reason for FD, because the relationship between the FD and the economic growth of Suzhou is just in the ″supply-leading″ period. In terms of Suzhou experiences, the local government should strengthen the protection of private investment, improve the institutional environment, and establish the reasonable financial structure. So we can concluded that FD could play a great role in promoting economic growth at the economy takeoff stage.

Semen analysis in chronic bacterial prostatitis： diagnostic and therapeutic implications

The significance and diagnostic value of semen analysis in chronic bacterial prostatitis has been extensively debated and remains controversial. To investigate the diagnostic relevance of semen culture in the bacteriological workup of prostatitis patients, we retrospectively analyzed a clinical database of 696 symptomatic patients. All patients were routinely subjected to a four-glass test, followed by semen culture and analysis. This allowed to dissect from the database three different diagnostic scenarios, and to compare the ＇two-glass＇ pre-/post- massage test and the standard ＇four-glass＇ test with a ＇five-glass＇ test （four-glass plus post-VB3 semen culture）. The ＇five-glass＇ test showed 3.6- or 6.5-fold increases in relative sensitivity and lesser reductions （-13.2% or -14.7%） in relative specificity for traditional uropathogens （TUs） compared with the four-glass or two-glass test, respectively. The area under the ROC curve and Jouden＇s index were increased, whereas positive and negative likelihood ratios were lower than comparators, indicating that the ＇five-glass＇ assay may be superior in confirming the negative outcome of both standard tests. The five-, four-, and two-glass tests detected TUs （Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, etc.） in 120, 33, and 20 patients and unusual pathogens （Streptococci, other Gram-positive species, Mycoplasmata, and others） in 130, 56, and 45 patients, respectively. When patients were subjected to pharmacological treatment, including a combination of a fluoroquinolone and a macrolide, no differences in eradication rates were observed between groups diagnosed with different tests, irrespective of pathogen category. Eradication was associated with long-term sign/symptom remission; no significant intergroup differences in sign/symptom scores were observed throughout a 24-month off-therapy follow-up period. In conclusion, our data support the usefulness of semen analysis in the diagnostic workup ofprostatitis patients when this test is used to complement the four-glass Meares and Stamey test. Improvement of microbiological assays conveys important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Meru University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Review System: A SWOT Analysis

The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.

Chinese research into ulcerative colitis from 1978 to 2017:A bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND Over the last 40 years,with accumulating evidence demonstrating a significant increase in the incidence of ulcerative colitis(UC)in China,the number of studies on UC has been rapidly increasing.But it still lacks a comprehensive metaanalysis of publications regarding UC for the last four decades in China.Thus,a bibliometric analysis of UC is warranted to investigate the trend and distribution of the publications on UC in China in recent years.And it is supposed that the number of the papers related to UC increased by year.AIM To investigate the current status of research output from Chinese studies related to UC during the period of 1978 to 2017,with special attention paid to the distribution of publication dates,journals,regions,and research organizations.METHODS Publications on UC were searched in the Chinese periodical database SinoMed from January 1978 to December 2017.The search term used for retrieval was“ulcerative colitis”.The language of the publications was restricted to English or Chinese.The studies have to be performed in China.Then,a bibliometric analysis was performed on the distribution of publication dates,journals,regions,and research organizations with EndNote,Excel,MySQL,and GraphPad Prism.RESULTS A total of 16257 papers matched the search criteria,which included 7561 papers published in core journals,4641 evidence-based articles,and 4177 publications of randomized controlled trials.These papers were mainly published in Chinese Journal of Coloproctology,World Chinese Journal of Digestology,Chinese Journal of Digestion,Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Digestion,and Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.In particular,the majority of these organizations were located in Jiangsu,Henan,Shandong,and Guangdong Provinces which are rich areas or have the largest population per province.Most of these studies were conducted by academic institutions.CONCLUSION Over the past four decades,the output of research into UC in China has increased significantly,with academic institutions playing a central role in the academic field,but the number and quality of these researches vary substantially among different regions.

A Theme Analysis of The Call of the Wild

The Call of the Wild is one of the representative works of the American writer Jack London.It was published in 1903.Once appearance,it quickly achieved great success for its beautiful language and multiple levels of the theme.Based on the industrialised and capitalistic society in American history,this novel vividly reproduces the Gold Rush in Klondike.The main plot describes a process of how a domesticated dog degenerated into a wild one and went back to nature.The hero Buck is endowed with human senses and characteristics,for London tried to use animal characters to illustrate moral precepts and exhibit human behaviours.The thesis intends to demonstrate the fascination of this great novel on one hand and on the other hand, to disclose the cruelty of the social reality at that time,in hope of providing a profound comprehension for the readers.

Institutional Factors Affecting the Economic Performance of Peasant Special Cooperative Organization——A Case of Cuiping District,Yibin City,China

Literatures about the institutional arrangement of the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization are summarized.Based on the introduction of theoretical background,the overall level of annual earnings in the year 2008 is selected as a dependent variable to evaluate the economic performance of cooperative organizations,according to the investigation on 54 Peasant Special Cooperative Organizations in Cuiping District,Sichuan Province,China.A total of 13 institutional indices passing the correlation test are chosen as independent variables.Relationship between the development level and the institutional factors affecting the economic performance of cooperative organizations is studied by using factor analysis method.Result shows that there is relatively high consistency between the score of institutional factor and the development level of cooperative organization.Both macroscopic support system and internal benefit distribution system have greater impacts on the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization;the internal supervision factor and the interest factor of core members have insignificant impacts on the economic performance;and the production management factor has little effect on economic performance.Based on this,several suggestions are put forward,including standardizing and reforming the system,improving the countermeasures for economic performance,strengthening the support and policy guidance for Peasant Special Cooperative Organization,improving and standardizing the distribution of benefit system,the security system and monitoring system for core members' interests,and fully reflecting the interests of core members.

Reasons for Calling Doctor： Visualizing Callers＇ Multi-unit Turns and Filming Television Call-ins as Institutional Interaction

This study describes discursive and visual features of telephone openings to a live broadcast television call-in program based on the analysis of the ＂multi-unit reason-for-the-call turn＂ （Couper-Kuhlen, 2001）. The data were based on video-recordings of the call-in program broadcast daily on Hakka channel in Taiwan, in which callers call to seek advice on health problems. The discourse analysis shows that callers＇ ＂multi-unit reason-for-the-call turns＂ can be classified into three forms including request, epistemic frame and descriptions of symptoms, and telling of lifestyle. The visual analysis demonstrates that the visual shots of ＂multi-unit reason-for-the-call turns＂ orient viewers to the studio scene in which the invited guest, usually the medical doctor, can be seen listening to callers＇ upcoming questions. Based on the analyses and an interview with the camera director of this television program, the discussion sheds light on how television production practices use callers＇ multi-unit turns as a resource for switching to the studio shot, which helps to build an image of the expert and his/her role and function in the advice-seeking program. In this sense, filming and television production practices rely on linguistic resources and the visualization of callers＇ multi-unit turns has meanings in the organization of studio interaction as ＂institutional interaction＂ （Drew ＆ Heritage, 1992）, being shaped by interactants＇ identities, roles, and tasks relevant for the specific institutional needs or purposes.

Environmental Monitoring of Ambient Outdoor, Indoor Air Quality Pollutants, PM 10 and PM 2.5 Conducted to Evaluate Its Impact Analysis and Quantification in Industrial Area of Dammam, KSA

The core objective of this study is to conduct precise and real-time monitoring of the industrial area Dammam located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which consists of a number of various chemicals, minerals and petrochemicals along with administrative blocks. The objective of this study is to monitor possible outdoor and indoor air pollutant in the industry working environment. This study shall help us to enable decision to be made on appropriate control measures as may be required to protect the health of employee and occupant who may be exposed to air contamination at workplace. Air pollution monitoring in ambient air environment finding shall be compared with national ambient air quality environmental standard while parameters monitoring in indoor air environment is compared with international standards such as occupational health and safety administration (OSHA), National institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) and Australian national health and medical research council (NHMRC). This environment review study for ensuring industry regulatory compliance for the facility and general authority of meteorology and environmental protection (GAMEP) previously known as presidency of meteorology environment (PME). This study shall be comprehensive in nature and cover two major types of monitoring and assessment such as ambient air quality monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring.

A comparative study on institutional collaboration characteristics in EM and LIS in China

Purpose： This study analyzes the current status of institutional cooperation in economics and management （EM） and library and information science （LIS） in China.Design/methodology/approach： Based on the Chinese Social Science Citation Index （CSSCI） database, we constructed institutional collaboration networks in EM and LIS, and analyzed the collaboration characteristics through social network analysis.Findings： In the development and evolution of the collaboration network of institutions in humanities and social sciences, EM is always at the center. It has extensive cooperation relationships with other fields. The position of LIS has also become centralized, and its interdisciplinary cooperation has increased. For both EM and LIS, we observed ＂small-world＂ and ＂scale-free＂ networks, indicating full communication and mature development in both disciplines. Based on a comparison of two institutions in the two fields, we confirmed the comprehensive development in EM and the extensive information exchange in LIS.Research limitations： We collected data only from humanities and social sciences, but did not consider the connection between EM and natural sciences, or between LIS and natural sciences. In addition, the paper lacks analysis of institutional collaboration at the micro level.Practical implications： The paper provides insights into the institutional cooperation characteristics in EM and LIS in China.Originality/value： The paper offers a new perspective on the characteristics of institutional collaboration in China.