Study on the Constructing Strategies of Rural Life Circles in Chinese Metropolitan Areas

Based on the aims of“issues of agriculture”and“three highs”in the new era,the metropolitan rural areas are targeted under the trend of counterurbanization.It follows the theory of Social Space Building,Maslow's Theory of Demand,and the theory of Social Governance.It mainly explores rural constructing strategies on development and the life with clear governance integration,range,hierarchy and main function as well as completing the issues such as ecology,culture,industry,living environment and livelihood facilities.

Study on the Layout of 15-Minute Community-Life Circle in Third-Tier Cities Based on POI: Baoding City of Hebei Province

At present, the planning of 15-minute community-life circle is being actively promoted in China. Taking Baoding City as an example, the status quo of service facilities layout was analyzed based on the POI data. Using the spatial accessibility algorithm, the ranges of 15-minute life circle of more than 1000 communities in Baoding were determined. By calculating the up-to-standard rates of public service facilities in each district, it is found that the allocation of medical facilities and commercial facilities in urban community life circle is relatively perfect, but the allocation of public cultural facilities and pension facilities is obviously inadequate. Based on this, optimization suggestions on the layout of public service facilities in the 15-minute life circle were put forward from three aspects: facilities sharing, function mixing and population structure and activity characteristics differentiation. It not only provides data and technical support for the planning and construction of community life circle in Baoding city, but also provides referable examples and promotable models for the community planning of third-tier cities.

Delineation of an Urban Community Life Circle Based on a Machine-Learning Estimation of Spatiotemporal Behavioral Demand

Delineating life circles is an essential prerequisite for urban community life circle planning. Recent studies combined the environmental contexts with residents’ global positioning system(GPS) data to delineate the life circles. This method, however, is constrained by GPS data, and it can only be applied in the GPS surveyed communities. To address this limitation, this study developed a generalizable delineation method without the constraint of behavioral data. According to previous research, the community life circle consists of the walking-accessible range and internal structure. The core task to develop the generalizable method was to estimate the spatiotemporal behavioral demand for each plot of land to acquire the internal structure of the life circle, as the range can be delineated primarily based on environmental data. Therefore, behavioral demand estimation models were established through logistic regression and machine learning techniques, including decision trees and ensemble learning. The model with the lowest error rate was chosen as the final estimation model for each type of land. Finally, we used a community without GPS data as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the estimation models and delineation method. This article extends the existing literature by introducing spatiotemporal behavioral demand estimation models, which learn the relationships between environmental contexts, population composition and the existing delineated results based on GPS data to delineate the internal structure of the community life circle without employing behavioral data. Furthermore, the proposed method and delineation results also contributes to facilities adjustments and location selections in life circle planning, people-oriented transformation in urban planning, and activity space estimation of the population in evaluating and improving the urban policies.

Life circle and bionomics of Lymantria dispar L.

The life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar was studied from the May to the July of 1997 in Tulihe Forestry Enterprise of Inner Mongolia. The results showed thatL. dispar has one generation in a year, larvae overwinters in eggs, and last 50 days to grow up. From the completing of larvae period to the appearing of adults lasts 11 days. The study made a basis for the period forecasting of L.dispar in Inner Mongolia.

Management Innovation and Practice of Full Life Circle in Offshore Petroleum Exploration Target

Faced with the continued downturn of international oil price and increasing complexity of oil-gas geological conditions since 2013, CNOOC China Ltd., Zhanjiang has promoted management innovation of full life circle with the theme of “value to exploration-oriented”, establishing QC system of multiple-dimension exploration to make exploration target management standardized and institutionalized, putting forward new ideas, closed-loop management of “big data” in full life circle to make exploration target and decision flow informationized, generating comprehensive reserve method of exploration target optimization and quantifiable management mode of “probabilistic method” evaluated by experts, and establishing “optimal so-lution” to management decision model to manage optimal target combination to drill and bring about lean management of exploration deployment. All the management innovations and practices have been carried out in oilfields of western South China Sea successfully, with corporation’s exploration decision and deployment guided effectively, a great success of petroleum exploration, and remarkable economic as well as society benefits.

Renewal and Transformation of Old Urban Area of Medical Sage Temple in Nanyang City Based on the Concept of Life Circle

China’s urbanization level has reached a new stage.Urban development has changed from incremental expansion to inventory renewal.The demand of residents for a good living environment and compact living space is increasing.How to realize the intensive development of land based on human needs has become an urgent problem to be solved in urban development.Based on the planning concepts of inventory planning and life circle,this study made the renewal and transformation of old urban area of Medical Saint Temple in Nanyang City and analyzed the current spatial characteristic elements.Optimize the layout of public space in combination with residents’living needs,improve the functions and quality of urban areas,and build a healthy and sustainable development model to improve the living environment of the community and provide reference for the future urban renewal and transformation.

A Valid Method for the Forecasting Economic Life Circle of Equipment

In this paper, the degrading regularities for quipment reliability and performance are discussed. Based on the isodegrading model, the characteristics of the cost and benefit in the equipment life circle are studied. Using the principle of getting maximum Net Annual Value(NAV), a valid method for forecasting economic life circle is proposed.

基于生活圈理论的收缩型村镇公共服务设施配置研究--以黑龙江省肇源县为例

乡村人口收缩是城镇化进程持续推进的必然,为满足村镇居民不断提升的需求并避免人口收缩造成的资源浪费,亟待对村镇公共服务设施配置体系进行优化与重构。以黑龙江省肇源县为例,引入生活圈理论探讨收缩型村镇公共服务设施配置优化方法。首先基于对村镇收缩类型与强度的分类,结合居民出行意愿的时距转换调查,将肇源县村镇划分为“县域—扩展—基本—基础”四级动态半径生活圈。然后通过筛选与生活圈等级对应的公共服务中心,并依据相关规范及居民实际需求,确定各级公共服务中心配置的项目内容和优化建议。

问题驱动教学法在城市治理创新人才培养中的应用——以上海“15分钟社区生活圈”编制工作坊为例

城市治理作为国家治理的重要组成部分,增强城市治理体系和能力的现代化建设日趋重要。应对诸多治理瓶颈,培养具有治理理念、专业技能、行动能力的社会治理人才是优化治理效能的关键要义。针对城市治理人才培养中存在缺乏主动性、灵活性、时效性和协同性等问题,高校应打破专业边界,以政策创新者、社会设计者和专业行动者为城市治理人才培养目标。该文尝试从问题驱动教学法的特点和国内外实践出发,讨论其在增强学习主体主动性、教学内容时效性和培养方式协同性方面的积极作用。并以上海“15分钟社区生活圈”编制教学工作坊为例,讨论该教学法在城市社区治理相关课程中的应用实践,并评估教学成效及适用情境。

老城区社区生活圈测度及公共服务设施优化研究--以宜宾市为例

在我国城镇化的下半场,以人为本、存量规划和集约发展成为当下城市的主旋律,作为承载城市记忆的老城区社区生活圈亟待更新优化。以宜宾市老城组团为例,采用连锁网络模型和基于真实路网的设施可达性分析等方法,结合10大类公服设施POI数据、当地居民对设施的重要性评价数据,对研究区域进行了10分钟社区生活圈的测度探索,并在测度结果的基础上,以生活圈为视角提出了相应公服设施的优化及择址建议。研究结果表明:第一,宜宾老城共可划定出4个10分钟社区生活圈,平均用地规模较小于平原、省会、特大型城市;第二,4个生活圈整体都存在公园广场、社会福利、科教文化这3类设施数量较为欠缺及覆盖范围较小的共性问题;第三,各生活圈生活便利度差异明显,发展不均衡。未来宜侧重优化过渡区、边缘生活圈欠缺设施;第四,基于设施覆盖率及居民可达程度考虑,每个生活圈宜提供中心度前三的地块中心点作为10分钟层级设施的推荐设置点。

城郊型乡村社区老年人生活圈测度与界定——以德安县梅桥村、岳山垅村为例

乡村振兴战略背景下,城郊型村庄作为乡村社区的重要类型之一,公共服务设施布局及配置的适老化研究显得尤为必要。文章在梳理乡村老年人生活圈测度方法的基础上,以江西省德安县梅桥村、岳山垅村为例,采用调查问卷、现场踏勘、GIS、GPS等研究方法,对城郊型乡村社区老年人生活圈进行了实证测度,提出了包含邻里生活圈、日常生活圈和拓展生活圈等的圈层结构内容,以准确地刻画老年人日常性的活动轨迹、生活圈范围及相应的设施配置。

基于主客观评价的社区生活圈公共服务设施优化策略研究——以南宁市中心城区为例

社区生活圈已成为当前“以人为本”理念下城市更新实施和评价的重要工具。然而传统的社区生活圈规划主要基于公共服务设施覆盖率和可达性等空间绩效评价方法,较少关注居民的实际生活体验和需求。以广西壮族自治区南宁市中心城区为例,通过社区居民满意度调查,根据客观评价(设施服务水平)和主观评价(居民满意度)之间的相关性程度,将公共服务设施分为强相关、中等相关、弱相关和不相关4种类型;进而根据各类设施的相关性特征及潜在影响因素,结合典型社区生活圈实地调研,提出社区生活圈公共服务设施的分类优化策略,以期为全国其他城市提供可借鉴的经验。

基于安全知识库的轨道交通安全预评价方法

在当前城市轨道交通快速发展的需求下,国内轨道交通安全相关系统的预评价方法尚不成熟,积累的各类故障、事故案例无法得到有效共享,导致实际工程中预评价工作难以开展。首先,构建了基于本体推理规则的Man(人员)、Machine(设备)、Media(环境)、Management(管理)及Mission(任务)的5M多因素信号系统安全知识库。其次,阐述信号系统预评估过程,结合案例分析和应用,形成了基于安全知识库的轨道交通安全预评价方法。最后,从风险辨识质量和风险控制精准度等多方面将基于安全知识库的轨道交通安全预评价方法与一般预评价方法进行比较,结果表明该方法能够从全生命周期角度对信号系统分阶段风险进行辨识并评定风险损失,风险辨识质量高、风险控制精准度高,且该方法的实施有利于加强城市轨道交通事前安全管理效果,同时也可为安全相关系统的风险预评价理论研究提供参考。

可靠性加速试验技术研究

为了更好地理解和运用可靠性加速试验技术,通过文献调研的方式,对加速寿命试验(ALT)、加速退化试验(ADT)、加速可靠性增长试验(ARGT)、高加速寿命试验(HALT)以及高加速应力筛选(HASS)等可靠性加速试验技术进行了研究。阐述了不同类型的可靠性加速试验技术在产品全生命周期内的适用阶段及其应用特点,并将可靠性加速试验与传统可靠性模拟试验技术进行了对比。对比结果表明,可靠性加速试验技术已经发展为产品寿命与可靠性评估的新途径,为高可靠性、小子样、长寿命、零失效产品的可靠性评估提供了有效方法,解决了传统可靠性模拟试验技术难以暴露产品设计缺陷和薄弱环节的问题。指出可靠性加速试验技术的应用前景以及未来方向。该研究有利于加强对可靠性加速试验技术的深入理解,以及推进该技术的长久发展。

基于POI和AOI数据的贵阳市生活圈便捷性测度

公共服务设施的空间布局对城市的宜居性产生重要影响。15分钟生活圈构建是“以人为本”城市规划理念的具体实践。基于贵阳市公共服务设施互联网开放数据,运用机会累积法,对贵阳市住宅小区5分钟、10分钟和15分钟生活圈便捷性进行测度,研究发现:可达性视角,优质住宅小区占比低,5分钟生活圈的可达性优于10分钟、15分钟生活圈;可达设施多样性,5分钟生活圈的达标率最低;贵阳市生活圈达标住宅占比仅为5.49%,部分种类日常设施点分布具有区域特性。贵阳市提高宜居性,应加强生活圈便捷性建设。

空间规划背景下乡村社区生活圈规划研究与实践——以广东省陆丰市为例

乡村社区生活圈的规划理念已然嵌入国土空间规划体系,但由于乡村地区人、地、资源方面的分布特征与城市地区的均质形态存在较大差异,在国土空间规划背景下,乡村社区生活圈规划仍面临着村民需求结构多样化、生活圈空间范围不明确、设施配置指引落地难、衔接路径不明晰等问题。文章尝试构建“需求摸查—空间划示—设施指引—规划衔接”的规划实践思路,选取广东省陆丰市作为典型案例,抽样获取村民对公共服务设施使用的特征,划分乡村社区生活圈实体范围,提出设施配置指引,即“基础必配、提升选配、特色特配”,探索与总体规划和详细规划的衔接路径,以期为乡村社区生活圈规划实践提供借鉴。

基于多维评估的社区生活圈功能配置优化路径——以宁波市鄞州区为例

随着城市建设走向智慧化协同、精细化治理,生活圈建设成为研究热点,其全域化评估与建设引导方式值得探讨。基于宁波市鄞州区城镇社区建设专项规划编制实践,建立社区生活圈多维评估框架,通过开源大数据、管理数据、社区问卷与地图等多源数据分析,采用各类测度方式,从场景维度、人口维度、空间维度对社区建设现状进行定量与定性分析,发现鄞州新、老城区生活圈在居住环境、人群需求、设施功能、空间更新潜力等方面有差异。结合评估结果,提出社区生活圈功能配置优化路径,包括刚弹结合的特色化引导、人本导向的精细化配置、因地制宜的差异化布局模式。

文化基因视角下福马同城生活圈建构研究

两岸融合发展是我国推进和平统一进程的重大战略,两岸融合发展一旦缺失文化力量,就可能迷失方向。为此,从文化基因视角探索福马同城生活圈的建构具有重要时代价值。面对福马文化的传承断裂化、影响脆弱化、供需失衡化等文化困境,必须通过充分发挥福马文化各类型的多元驱动力、文化产业+产业文化双融合创新等途径,完善福马同城生活圈的建构机制。

乡村振兴背景下皖北平原村庄规划思路分析——以淮北市古饶社区为例

本文以淮北市宋疃镇古饶社区村庄规划为例,归纳分析皖北地区平原村庄规划编制中的普遍问题,结合国土空间规划体系的相关要求,提出科学严谨的规划思路,以保护生态环境为前提,适当兼顾中原地区文化习俗,从村庄的土地利用、基础设施、产业发展、文化保护方面做出切实可行的规划引导,打造乡村社区生活圈,并为其他平原村庄融合发展提供指导建议,推进安徽省乡村振兴及美丽乡村建设进程。