社会—技术系统可持续转型研究:思路、批评、进展及反思

可持续转型研究是20世纪90年代迅速发展起来的新领域,其核心思想是研究如何实现和管理当前非可持续性的社会—技术系统根本性转变。本文在介绍该研究的4个思路基础上,结合发展过程中受到的主要批评,从转型机制的深入、行动主体、地理空间、政治和权力以及政策研究5个主题归纳其最新研究进展。研究表明:可持续转型研究不断吸收其他社会科学的洞见以修正和补充不足,使之呈现出开放和争鸣之势,但是该研究依然还面临诸多挑战,新问题需要学者进一步反思。可持续转型研究对中国的系统转型具有重要借鉴意义,将中国真正纳入全球可持续转型研究更具有深刻的理论和实践意义。

创新驱动经济绿色转型发展的政策工具组合研究

驱动经济发展方式的绿色转型将成为创新在当今时代的重要价值,有关创新的政策研究需要随之跟进。基于多层级视角模型(MLP)提炼创新驱动经济绿色转型的四个阶段,明确绿色技术的演化失灵是政策干预转型过程的主要动因。在此基础上,从支持绿色技术和施压传统技术两个基本维度入手,构建有关创新的政策工具组合的分析框架,进一步丰富和拓展了创新政策工具的类型研究。最后,将上述分析框架运用于我国新能源汽车产业的创新政策研究,发现相关政策工具过于集中在支持绿色技术维度,未来还应综合成本效益、社会认知、体制机制等多个政策作用面的工具实施,加大对传统能源汽车的施压力度,为汽车产业的绿色转型发展打开“机会之窗”。

中国能源系统“高碳解锁”向低碳转型机制研究基于社会-技术转型视角

能源转型对中国实现二氧化碳排放“30·60”目标具有重要意义。基于社会-技术转型视角,从时局、社会-技术体制、生态位三个层级深入剖析“高碳解锁”向低碳转型的内在机制,并通过中国公共汽车交通低碳转型案例进行实证研究。研究发现:中国能源系统“高碳解锁”向低碳转型的实质是“高碳锁定”的社会-技术体制向“低碳锁定”变迁的动态过程。转型初期应以政策扶持为主导,保障低碳创新能够突破生态位,形成“机会窗口”;转型后期应引导低碳转型向“市场主导-政策协同型”过渡,提高低碳创新的市场竞争力。

Urban Transition Dynamics in the Regional Rescaling of the Pearl River Delta Area:a Qualitative Approach

The Pearl River Delta region has been the hub of urban vibrancy and boom ever since the country’s opening up and devolution reforms.However,the political and economic institutions of the cities in this region are so different and complicated that they pose great challenges to the integration of the whole region.This study takes one prominent experiment of urban expansion,Hengqin in Zhuhai,as a case study to investigate how institutional innovations are forged and managed to boost urban development and transitions towards sustainable growth and regional integration.We adopt a multi-level perspective framework to analyze Hengqin’s urban transition.Government archives,master plans,various documents and interviews with government officials,planners,residents,and businesses from Zhuhai,Hong Kong,and Macao are chosen as sources of the analysis,which delineates the complex interactions from a variety of stakeholders.Despite difficulties in the early days,Hengqin is now transitioning quickly,although still confronted with inter-scalar challenges.A better understanding of the governance and economic innovations that have taken place,and the investment-driven development strategies involved,will help shed light on the urban transition of other similar city regions.

可持续转型的地理视角及其分析框架优化

近年来,“可持续转型”进入经济地理学研究视野,成为探索绿色技术发展动力、理解区域产业演化机制的新范式,形成了“转型地理”这一新兴脉络。然而,当前转型地理研究侧重“概念和分析框架单纯借用”的实证分析,缺乏多元视角融合,使其处于转型研究边缘位置,不利于学科自身发展。本文将转型研究中的多层次视角和技术创新系统同地理学视角下的语境敏感性、空间嵌入性和地方能动性概念相结合,构建了一套既能对接主流转型思想,又能反映经济地理学科学问题的新分析框架。该框架强调:(1)区域可持续转型是一个语境-结构-能动性在多地理尺度上因果互动的演进过程;(2)转型地理性主要体现在新社会-技术系统嵌入旧体制社会空间的程度、能力、方式、过程和结果差异上;(3)转型对象是具体的,也是落地的,离不开地方能动性对旧社会-技术系统要素重组的社会化作用。在此基础上,本文对优化框架进行实际应用说明,并对未来中国转型地理相关议题进行了展望。

Policy entry points forfacilitating a transition towards alow-carbonelectricityfuture

This study extends the ambit of the debate on electricity transitionby specifically identifying possible policy entry points through which transformative and enduring changes can be made in the electricity and socio-economic systems to facilitate the transition process.Guided by the"essence"of the multi-level perspective-a prominent framework for the study of energy transition,four such entry points have been identified:1)destabilising the dominant,fossil fuel-based electricity regime to create room for renewable technologies tobreak through;2)reconfiguring the electricity regime,which encompasses technology,short-term operational practices and long-term planning processes,to improve flexibility for accommodating large outputs from variable renewable sources whilst maintaining supply security;3)addressing the impactofcoal power phase-outon coal mining regions in terms of economic development and jobs;and 4)facilitating a shift in transition governance towards a learning-based,reflexive process.Specific areas for policy interventions within each of these entry points have also been discussed in the paper.