Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform

This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform(EWT)for a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system,where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure.This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals,resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line.During internal line faults,the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines.Conversely,for faults external to the line,the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines.EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals,allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy.The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary.Moreover,simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles,distances to faults,and fault transition resistances.

Operation Control Method of Relay Protection in Flexible DC Distribution Network Compatible with Distributed Power Supply

A novel operation control method for relay protection in flexible DC distribution networks with distributed power supply is proposed to address the issue of inaccurate fault location during relay protection,leading to poor performance.The method combines a fault-tolerant fault location method based on long-term and short-term memory networks to accurately locate the fault section.Then,an operation control method for relay protection based on adaptive weight and whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is used to construct an objective function considering the shortest relay protection action time and the smallest impulse current.The adaptive weight and WOA are employed to obtain the optimal strategy for relay protection operation control,reducing the action time and impulse current.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in accurately locating faults and improving relay protection performance.The longest operation time is reduced by 4.7023 s,and the maximum impulse current is limited to 0.3 A,effectively controlling the impact of large impulse currents and enhancing control efficiency.

Hybrid Power Bank Deployment Model for Energy Supply Coverage Optimization in Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monitoring coverage,this research focuses on the power banks’energy supply coverage.The study of 2-D and 3-D spaces is typical in IWSN,with the realistic environment being more complex with obstacles(i.e.,machines).A 3-D surface is the field of interest(FOI)in this work with the established hybrid power bank deployment model for the energy supply COP optimization of IWSN.The hybrid power bank deployment model is highly adaptive and flexible for new or existing plants already using the IWSN system.The model improves the power supply to a more considerable extent with the least number of power bank deployments.The main innovation in this work is the utilization of a more practical surface model with obstacles and training while improving the convergence speed and quality of the heuristic algorithm.An overall probabilistic coverage rate analysis of every point on the FOI is provided,not limiting the scope to target points or areas.Bresenham’s algorithm is extended from 2-D to 3-D surface to enhance the probabilistic covering model for coverage measurement.A dynamic search strategy(DSS)is proposed to modify the artificial bee colony(ABC)and balance the exploration and exploitation ability for better convergence toward eliminating NP-hard deployment problems.Further,the cellular automata(CA)is utilized to enhance the convergence speed.The case study based on two typical FOI in the IWSN shows that the CA scheme effectively speeds up the optimization process.Comparative experiments are conducted on four benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ABC and gbest-guided ABC(GABC)algorithms.The results show that the proposed energy coverage optimization method based on the hybrid power bank deployment model generates more accurate results than the results obtained by similar algorithms(i.e.,ABC,GABC).The proposed model is,therefore,effective and efficient for optimization in the IWSN.

Scheme of long distance power supply for electrified railway traction network based on traction cable

Purpose–The traction cable is paralleled with the existing traction network of electrified railway through transverse connecting line to form the scheme of long distance power supply for the traction network.This paper aims to study the scheme composition and power supply distance(PSD)of the scheme.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the structure of parallel traction network(referred to as“cable traction network(CTN)”),the power supply modes(PSMs)are divided into cableþdirect PSM and cableþautotransformer(AT)PSM(including Japanese mode,French mode and new mode).Taking cableþJapanese AT PSM as an example,the scheme of long distance power supply for CTN under the PSMs of co-phase and out-of-phase power supply are designed.On the basis of establishing the equivalent circuit model and the chain circuit model of CTN,taking the train working voltage as the constraint condition,and based on the power flow calculation of multiple train loads,the calculation formula and process for determining the PSD of CTN are given.The impedance and PSD of CTN under the cableþAT PSM are simulated and analyzed,and a certain line is taken as an example to compare the scheme design.Findings–Results show that the equivalent impedance of CTN under the cableþAT PSM is smaller,and the PSD is about 2.5 times of that under the AT PSM,which can effectively increase the PSD and the flexibility of external power supply location.Originality/value–The research content can effectively improve the PSD of traction power supply system and has important reference value for the engineering application of the scheme.

An Algorithm for Short-Circuit Current Interval in Distribution Networks with Inverter Type Distributed Generation Based on Affine Arithmetic

During faults in a distribution network,the output power of a distributed generation(DG)may be uncertain.Moreover,the output currents of distributed power sources are also affected by the output power,resulting in uncertainties in the calculation of the short-circuit current at the time of a fault.Additionally,the impacts of such uncertainties around short-circuit currents will increase with the increase of distributed power sources.Thus,it is very important to develop a method for calculating the short-circuit current while considering the uncertainties in a distribution network.In this study,an affine arithmetic algorithm for calculating short-circuit current intervals in distribution networks with distributed power sources while considering power fluctuations is presented.The proposed algorithm includes two stages.In the first stage,normal operations are considered to establish a conservative interval affine optimization model of injection currents in distributed power sources.Constrained by the fluctuation range of distributed generation power at the moment of fault occurrence,the model can then be used to solve for the fluctuation range of injected current amplitudes in distributed power sources.The second stage is implemented after a malfunction occurs.In this stage,an affine optimization model is first established.This model is developed to characterizes the short-circuit current interval of a transmission line,and is constrained by the fluctuation range of the injected current amplitude of DG during normal operations.Finally,the range of the short-circuit current amplitudes of distribution network lines after a short-circuit fault occurs is predicted.The algorithm proposed in this article obtains an interval range containing accurate results through interval operation.Compared with traditional point value calculation methods,interval calculation methods can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results.The range of short-circuit current amplitude obtained by this algorithm is slightly larger than those obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Therefore,the proposed algorithm has good suitability and does not require iterative calculations,resulting in a significant improvement in computational speed compared to the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results,improving the safety and stability of power systems.

故障关联矩阵下弹性配电网可靠性评估

配电网弹性是指系统受到干扰后恢复原有状态的能力,而自然灾害的频发要求配电网不仅在正常条件下能够可靠运行,而且还能够在极端灾害出现时保持必要能力。据此,提出一种基于故障关联矩阵(fault incidence matrix,FIM)的弹性配电网可靠性评价方法。通过建立FIM,使用简化的矩阵代数、布尔运算即可实现配电系统可靠性、弹性和供电能力的显式解析计算,避免了评估过程中故障枚举的重复性搜索工作,节省了计算时间,并且可适用于结构复杂的配电网,易于扩展。最后结果表明:采用文中方法的计算时间仅为约0.055 s,相较于故障扩散算法和分块算法分别减少87%和75%的时间。

集中式馈线自动化配电网供电可靠性评估

计及集中式馈线自动化的配电网可靠性评估尚存在较多研究空白,且多数研究仅计及故障停电的影响,在考虑预安排检修容量约束的情况下,计及负荷转供影响,结合馈线自动化的类型及运行逻辑,依据馈线自动化相关技术指标,对恢复供电过程中出现的负荷点进行详细分类,推导出不同类型负荷期望恢复供电时间和配电网供电可靠性指标计算公式。结合算例进行分析可知,不同终端配置下馈线系统平均停电持续时间SAIDI可减少0.95~1.08 h/(用户·a),说明了优化终端配置可有效提高配电网供电可靠性,证明了所提评估方法的准确性和实用性,并比较了不同终端配置对可靠性的影响。

基于联络馈线负载率松弛约束的中压配电网供电单元划分

当前中压配电网供电单元划分时未能充分考虑相互联络馈线间所供负荷的互补特性,易造成供电单元数量偏多、整体线路利用效率偏低等问题,为此提出了一种基于负载率松弛约束的供电单元划分方法。构建了以供电单元数量最少、各供电单元内N-1校验后转供馈线负载率均衡为目标的中压配电网供电单元划分数学模型;解析了网格中站内供电单元与站间供电单元之间的划分次序问题,并提出了基于馈线负载率松弛约束的站间供电单元划分方法及以此为基础的站内供电单元划分方法。通过实例分析验证所提模型和方法可以对供电单元进行合理划分,节约变电站出线条数与供电单元数量,有效提高配电线路的资产利用效率。

不同控制方法下混合电源对配电网系统电能质量优化分析

目前分布式电源主要有风、光、储等形式,由于风电与光伏发电的波动性和不确定性,使得配电网系统的电能质量下降,如电压不稳定、谐波量过大等。根据风、光、储三种电源的自身特性,选择相应的控制模型,减小配电网系统的谐波量,提高电能质量。风力发电机发电功率随风能的变化而变化,ip-iq控制方法 能准确捕捉风能变化时风力发电机产生的电压高次谐波及负序电流等参量;光伏发电主要是由于电荷的定向移动而形成稳定的电极,实现太阳能电池板发电,电流电压双环控制方法能够灵敏地反映光伏发电时电荷的移动情况,更好地检测光伏发电的实时动态;功率控制方法 则能够及时地反映蓄电池充放电及负载用电情况。通过上述控制方法,以simulink为平台,组建分布式电源系统,分别对配电网系统处于电压稳定、三相电流不平衡以及电压突变、三相电流不平衡两种情况下进行系统仿真,对配电网系统、风力发电系统、光伏发电系统及负载端的总谐波量进行比较。结果表明,根据不同电源特性实施不同的控制方法 ,可以有效降低整体系统的谐波量,提高配电网系统的电能质量。同时还可有效抑制风、光发电系统自身的谐波量,使得风、光发电系统低压穿越能力得以提高,降低弃风弃光现象的产生。

交、直流机车混跑线路车网谐振机理分析及宽频域谐波综合治理研究

在交-直-交电力机车和交-直电力机车混跑线路的牵引供电系统中,存在丰富的宽频域谐波电流,且易产生车网谐振问题。文章首先采用谐波阻抗分析法建立了牵引网谐波阻抗电路模型,推导了牵引网谐振阻抗与谐波频率及供电臂长度的函数关系,分析车网谐振产生机理和谐振特性,给出了车网谐振治理方式及装置安装位置的选择;然后,针对目前牵引网的宽频域谐波,提出一种地面加装有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)和无源高通滤波器(high pass filter,HPF)的综合治理方法,并给出“APF+HPF”装置的工程设计方法;最后,结合国内某铁路牵引网案例进行仿真验证。仿真结果显示,采用该方法后谐波电流总畸变率由75.29%下降到1.58%(“APF+二阶HPF”滤波器)和2.55%(“APF+阻波HPF”滤波器),证明该方法对宽频域谐波具有良好的治理效果,能有效抑制车网谐振现象并消除其危害,保障了牵引供电系统的安全运行。

基于多导体回路法的AT供电方式长回路电容计算方法研究

提出了一种基于多导体回路法以接触网和正馈线为传输导体的电气化铁路AT供电方式牵引网长回路电容计算方法。该方法以与电荷唯一对应的回路为基本单元,对复杂多导体传输线系统开展电场描述,实现了AT供电方式牵引网长回路电容的精确计算。

电源外析原理与拟功率平衡原理及双端口网络等效原理

戴维宁定理和诺顿定理合称戴诺定理,是电路原理中最重要的定理之一,也是求解电路最重要的方法之一,但戴诺定理仅适用于单端口网络。分析总结了实电路和复电路的基本原理,对端口网络进行了完整分类、对双端口网络参数表达进行了分析研究,提出了含激端口网络的反激去激原理和电源外析原理,梳理了平稳电路的拟功率平衡原理和互易性原理,并提出了平稳电路无激双端口网络与含激双端口网络的紧致等效原理,有助于完善实电路和复电路的知识体系。

时间同步技术在通信电源系统中的应用研究

随着通信技术的不断发展,通信电源系统作为通信网络的支撑,其稳定性与可靠性是保障通信网络顺畅运行的核心要素。基于此,研究时间同步技术在通信电源系统中的关键作用及应用。时间同步技术通过确保各设备时钟的一致性,能够显著提高通信电源系统的运行效率、安全性、可靠性。通过概述时间同步技术的基本概念,详细分析其在通信电源系统中的具体应用,包括实现方式、技术优势以及对系统性能的影响。最后,展望时间同步技术在通信电源中的应用前景,并分析后续研究方向。

热网蓄热特性及其对机组调峰能力的影响研究

为了提高热电联产机组调峰能力,利用热网蓄热实现机组的“热电解耦”。建立了某350 MW热电联产机组及其热网系统的动态仿真模型,研究了热网及其热用户在蓄/放热阶段的动态特性及环境温度对机组调峰能力的影响规律。结果表明:热用户滞后时间随着热用户与换热首站的距离的增加而增加,同时也受自身热负荷的直接影响和其余热用户热负荷的间接影响;热网相对蓄/放热功率在改变抽汽质量流量后先迅速变化再缓慢变化;热用户温度近似呈线性变化,其变化速率随着抽汽质量流量变化幅度的增大而增大,且开始变化时间也随之提前;机组最大调峰能力随着环境温度降低而略有增加,环境温度从0℃下降至-15℃时,机组调峰能力从23.8 MW增加至29.7 MW;增加蓄热时长,提高蓄热温度,降低放热温度均有利于提高机组调峰能力。

考虑光伏出力时变性的配电网短时供电恢复策略

随着配电网的建设和发展,以光伏为代表的分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)的渗透率逐渐提高,能为配电网的供电恢复提供短时支撑。然而,分布式电源出力的随机性给供电恢复的可靠性带来了新的挑战,可能造成已恢复区域出现二次甩负荷现象。基于此,文章以光伏为例,利用时变性衡量随机性,提出了一种考虑分布式电源出力时变性的配电网短时供电恢复策略。建立考虑SOP的配电网供电恢复模型;以该供电恢复模型为基础,基于光伏出力预测的配电网供电恢复策略的原理,以改进的IEEE-33节点模型为例,验证所提策略能降低光伏出力时变性对供电恢复可靠性的影响。结果表明所提策略能够提高故障后恢复方案的调用速度,对提高配电网供电恢复的可靠性具有积极意义。

面向极端事件的配电网差异化韧性供电服务及其定价方法

近年来,由极端事件导致的大停电事故给用户的生产生活带来巨大挑战。为解决不同用户对配电网灾后应急供电需求的差异性问题,提出一种面向极端事件的配电网差异化韧性供电服务及其定价方法。首先,基于电网-交通网融合系统提出考虑移动储能(mobile energy storage system,MESS)规划与调度的配电网韧性提升方法。然后,基于用户差异化的灾后供电需求设计多种韧性供电等级下的服务定价菜单。最后,为将韧性供电服务的提供与用户需求相匹配,构建韧性供电服务提供与定价双层模型,上层配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)提供差异化的韧性供电服务并设计定价菜单,下层用户结合服务成本与效益订购最佳的韧性供电服务等级。改进混沌模拟退火粒子群算法(chaoticsimulated annealing particle swarm optimization,CSAPSO),结合gurobi求解器迭代寻找模型的均衡解。算例分析表明,所提方法可有效权衡DSO与用户的效益,满足了用户差异化的灾后供电需求,实现双赢。

考虑闭式潮流优化分布的主动配电网供电恢复方法

主动配电网具有灵活的调节能力和快速可靠的运行能力,但柔性多状态开关(SOP)、分布式电源等多种设备的存在,使供电恢复模型复杂,需要研究故障后供电恢复快速决策方法。提出了一种考虑闭式潮流优化分布的主动配电网负荷恢复方案快速决策方法。模拟故障切除后配电网所有联络开关闭式运行状态,基于二阶锥规划求解最优潮流,退出电压低、传输功率小的线路,形成利于供电恢复的配电网含SOP良性网络拓扑。建立基于负荷的功率因数与分级负荷权重的负荷恢复模型,制定负荷供电恢复方案,保证失电负荷严格按优先级获得最大的恢复水平。通过IEEE33、IEEE69节点配电系统进行算例分析,结果表明所提方法能兼顾计算的准确性和快速性。

基于多特征融合的脉冲功率电源软故障诊断方法研究

脉冲功率电源作为电热发射、电磁发射等技术的核心器件,其稳定性对整个发射系统的性能起着决定性作用。针对脉冲功率电源软故障,提出一种融合多特征的BP神经网络故障诊断方法。通过建立脉冲功率电源仿真模型,获取放电电流故障数据样本;对故障样本进行时域分析和小波分析,提取时域参数及特定频带能量,以此构建融合了多种特征的特征向量;利用遗传算法对BP神经网络的初始权重和阈值进行优化,实现对脉冲功率电源故障模式的准确识别。实验结果与其他故障诊断方法进行对比,证实了本方法的有效性。

考虑转供与重构协同的多端柔性互联配电网供电恢复策略

柔性互联装置(FID)实现配电网不同馈线之间的柔性互联,可实现故障后配电网的快速恢复供电。该文以含直流网络的四端柔性互联配电网为研究对象,提出基于FID和网络重构的多端柔性互联配电网两阶段供电恢复策略。首先,在分析FID运行模式工作原理的基础上,提出了故障快速转供的FID平滑控制结构和考虑开关同期并网控制虚拟同步发电机(VSG)控制策略,支撑故障后第一阶段FID的快速供电恢复;然后,通过建立和求解考虑联络开关和FID容量限制的全局优化模型得出FID与网络重构相结合的第二阶段供电恢复策略,更大限度地恢复失电负荷;最后,利用PSCAD/MTDC仿真软件搭建了一个58节点四端含直流网络的柔性配电系统进行仿真验证。结果表明,所述供电恢复策略不仅能实现部分负荷的不停电转供,还能够通过网络重构大幅提高负荷恢复水平。

含高比例分布式电源配电网分布式供电恢复方法

针对高比例分布式电源(DG)接入配电网,现有供电恢复方法未充分考虑DG故障穿越特性。文中提出了基于分布式控制的配电网多阶段供电恢复方法,以充分利用DG的电网支撑能力。分析了DG故障穿越特性及其电网支撑能力,并基于高比例DG接入后配电网不同运行方式,提出了负荷容量估算方法和DG分类处理策略。建立了分布式控制的供电恢复模型,并基于联络线路容量裕度指标提出多联络路径选择策略。最后,提出了适应高比例DG接入配电网的多阶段供电恢复方案。所提方法可以更好地发挥DG支撑作用,提高快速供电恢复能力。仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性。