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Classification and Comprehension of Software Requirements Using Ensemble Learning
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作者 Jalil Abbas Arshad Ahmad +4 位作者 Syed Muqsit Shaheed Rubia Fatima Sajid Shah Mohammad Elaffendi Gauhar Ali 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第8期2839-2855,共17页
The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional features.Initially,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human re... The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional features.Initially,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional requirements.To address this challenge,various machine learning(ML)methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements,aiming to reduce time and human effort.However,existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale projects.In our study,we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier(FNRC).By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window(ASW)technique,we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier’s accuracy while using fewer trees.Experimental results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets,achieving a balanced Precision of 75%on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85%on the CCHIT dataset.Both datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%,highlighting FNRC’s ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse scenarios.These findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes,increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 Ensemble learning machine learning non-functional requirements requirement engineering accuracy sliding window
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An Investigation on Open-RAN Specifications:Use Cases,Security Threats,Requirements,Discussions
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作者 Heejae Park Tri-HaiNguyen Laihyuk Park 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期13-41,共29页
The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS),and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure costs.Rece... The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS),and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure costs.Recently,the Open Radio Access Network(O-RAN)has been introduced as a solution for growing financial and operational burdens in Beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G networks.O-RAN promotes openness and intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional RANs.By disaggregating conventional Base Band Units(BBUs)into O-RAN Distributed Units(O-DU)and O-RAN Centralized Units(O-CU),O-RAN offers greater flexibility for upgrades and network automation.However,this openness introduces new security challenges compared to traditional RANs.Many existing studies overlook these security requirements of the O-RAN networks.To gain deeper insights into the O-RAN system and security,this paper first provides an overview of the general O-RAN architecture and its diverse use cases relevant to B5G and 6G applications.We then delve into specifications of O-RAN security threats and requirements,aiming to mitigate security vulnerabilities effectively.By providing a comprehensive understanding of O-RAN architecture,use cases,and security considerations,thisworkserves as a valuable resource for future research in O-RAN and its security. 展开更多
关键词 O-RAN ARCHITECTURE use cases security issues security requirements security discussions
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Requirements ranking based on crowd-sourcing high-end product USs
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作者 MA Yufeng DOU Yajie +2 位作者 XU Xiangqian JIA Qingyang TAN Yuejin 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期94-104,共11页
Based on the characteristics of high-end products,crowd-sourcing user stories can be seen as an effective means of gathering requirements,involving a large user base and generating a substantial amount of unstructured... Based on the characteristics of high-end products,crowd-sourcing user stories can be seen as an effective means of gathering requirements,involving a large user base and generating a substantial amount of unstructured feedback.The key challenge lies in transforming abstract user needs into specific ones,requiring integration and analysis.Therefore,we propose a topic mining-based approach to categorize,summarize,and rank product requirements from user stories.Specifically,after determining the number of story categories based on py LDAvis,we initially classify“I want to”phrases within user stories.Subsequently,classic topic models are applied to each category to generate their names,defining each post-classification user story category as a requirement.Furthermore,a weighted ranking function is devised to calculate the importance of each requirement.Finally,we validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method using 2966 crowd-sourced user stories related to smart home systems. 展开更多
关键词 high-end product complex system crowd-sourcing user stories topic mining requirements ranking
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Autoantibodies against beta cells to predict early insulin requirements in pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes
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作者 Jorge M Molina Patricia G Medina +4 位作者 Rita A Gomez Julia R Herrera Nancy L Martínez Brenda Hernández Yesenia García 《World Journal of Diabetes》 SCIE 2024年第8期1717-1725,共9页
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity has emerged as a probable disease modifier in patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),that is,patients who have insulin resistance,obesity,and other cardiovascular ris... BACKGROUND Autoimmunity has emerged as a probable disease modifier in patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),that is,patients who have insulin resistance,obesity,and other cardiovascular risk factors,suggesting that the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase(anti-GAD65),islet antigen 2(anti-IA2),and zinc transporter 8(anti-Zn8T)antibodies could have deleterious effects on beta cell function,causing failure and earlier requirement for insulin treatment.AIM To evaluate anti-GAD65,anti-IA2 and anti-Zn8T as predictors of early insulin requirement in adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of T2DM.METHODS This was a case–control study in patients with clinically diagnosed with T2DM(68 cases and 64 controls with and without early insulin dependence respectively),male and female,aged 12–18 years.Somatometry,blood pressure,glucose,insulin,C-peptide,glycated hemoglobin A1c,and lipid profiles were assessed.ELISA was used to measure anti-GAD65,anti-IA2,and anti-Zn8T antibodies.Descriptive statistics,Pearson'sχ2 test,Student's t test,and logistic regression was performed.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were 132 patients(53.8%female),with a mean age was 15.9±1.3 years,and there was a disease evolution time of 4.49±0.88 years.The presence of anti-GAD65,anti-IA2,and anti-Zn8T positivity was found in 29.5%,18.2%,and 15.9%,respectively.Dividing the groups by early or no insulin dependence showed that the group with insulin had a higher frequency of antibody positivity:anti-GAD65 odds ratio(OR):2.42(1.112–5.303,P=0.026);anti-IA2:OR:1.55(0.859–2.818,P=0.105);and anti-Zn8T:OR:7.32(2.039–26.279,P=0.002).CONCLUSION Anti-GAD65 positivity was high in our study.Anti-GAD65 and anti-Zn8T positivity showed a significantly depleted beta cell reserve phenotype,leading to an increased risk of early insulin dependence. 展开更多
关键词 DIABETES OBESITY Adolescents AUTOIMMUNITY Beta cell Insulin requirements
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Towards Improving the Quality of Requirement and Testing Process in Agile Software Development:An Empirical Study
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作者 Irum Ilays Yaser Hafeez +4 位作者 Nabil Almashfi Sadia Ali Mamoona Humayun Muhammad Aqib Ghadah Alwakid 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第9期3761-3784,共24页
Software testing is a critical phase due to misconceptions about ambiguities in the requirements during specification,which affect the testing process.Therefore,it is difficult to identify all faults in software.As re... Software testing is a critical phase due to misconceptions about ambiguities in the requirements during specification,which affect the testing process.Therefore,it is difficult to identify all faults in software.As requirement changes continuously,it increases the irrelevancy and redundancy during testing.Due to these challenges;fault detection capability decreases and there arises a need to improve the testing process,which is based on changes in requirements specification.In this research,we have developed a model to resolve testing challenges through requirement prioritization and prediction in an agile-based environment.The research objective is to identify the most relevant and meaningful requirements through semantic analysis for correct change analysis.Then compute the similarity of requirements through case-based reasoning,which predicted the requirements for reuse and restricted to error-based requirements.Afterward,the apriori algorithm mapped out requirement frequency to select relevant test cases based on frequently reused or not reused test cases to increase the fault detection rate.Furthermore,the proposed model was evaluated by conducting experiments.The results showed that requirement redundancy and irrelevancy improved due to semantic analysis,which correctly predicted the requirements,increasing the fault detection rate and resulting in high user satisfaction.The predicted requirements are mapped into test cases,increasing the fault detection rate after changes to achieve higher user satisfaction.Therefore,the model improves the redundancy and irrelevancy of requirements by more than 90%compared to other clustering methods and the analytical hierarchical process,achieving an 80%fault detection rate at an earlier stage.Hence,it provides guidelines for practitioners and researchers in the modern era.In the future,we will provide the working prototype of this model for proof of concept. 展开更多
关键词 requirement prediction software testing agile software development semantic analysis case-based reasoning
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How to implement a knowledge graph completeness assessment with the guidance of user requirements
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作者 ZHANG Ying XIAO Gang 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期679-688,共10页
In the context of big data, many large-scale knowledge graphs have emerged to effectively organize the explosive growth of web data on the Internet. To select suitable knowledge graphs for use from many knowledge grap... In the context of big data, many large-scale knowledge graphs have emerged to effectively organize the explosive growth of web data on the Internet. To select suitable knowledge graphs for use from many knowledge graphs, quality assessment is particularly important. As an important thing of quality assessment, completeness assessment generally refers to the ratio of the current data volume to the total data volume.When evaluating the completeness of a knowledge graph, it is often necessary to refine the completeness dimension by setting different completeness metrics to produce more complete and understandable evaluation results for the knowledge graph.However, lack of awareness of requirements is the most problematic quality issue. In the actual evaluation process, the existing completeness metrics need to consider the actual application. Therefore, to accurately recommend suitable knowledge graphs to many users, it is particularly important to develop relevant measurement metrics and formulate measurement schemes for completeness. In this paper, we will first clarify the concept of completeness, establish each metric of completeness, and finally design a measurement proposal for the completeness of knowledge graphs. 展开更多
关键词 knowledge graph completeness assessment relative completeness user requirement quality management
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Research Progress on Nutritional Requirements of Carp
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作者 Yina LU 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2024年第1期37-39,43,共4页
Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia,distributed in all regions of the world except Australia and South America.With the improvement of comprehensive and healthy breeding technology of carp,the unit yiel... Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia,distributed in all regions of the world except Australia and South America.With the improvement of comprehensive and healthy breeding technology of carp,the unit yield has been greatly increased mainly due to the exten-sive use of compound feed.In this study,the nutritional requirements of carp were summarized from the aspects of protein,amino acids,fat,carbohydrate,calcium and phosphorus,vitamins and taurine.This study provides a certain theoretical reference for scientific formula of carp feed. 展开更多
关键词 CARP Nutritional requirements Foreground
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Security and Privacy in Solar Insecticidal Lamps Internet of Things:Requirements and Challenges
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作者 Qingsong Zhao Lei Shu +3 位作者 Kailiang Li Mohamed Amine Ferrag Ximeng Liu Yanbin Li 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期58-73,共16页
Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the... Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT. 展开更多
关键词 CHALLENGES Internet of Things(IoT) privacy and security security requirements solar insecticidal lamps(SIL)
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Operational requirements analysis method based on question answering of WEKG
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作者 ZHANG Zhiwei DOU Yajie +3 位作者 XU Xiangqian MA Yufeng JIANG Jiang TAN Yuejin 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期386-395,共10页
The weapon and equipment operational requirement analysis(WEORA) is a necessary condition to win a future war,among which the acquisition of knowledge about weapons and equipment is a great challenge. The main challen... The weapon and equipment operational requirement analysis(WEORA) is a necessary condition to win a future war,among which the acquisition of knowledge about weapons and equipment is a great challenge. The main challenge is that the existing weapons and equipment data fails to carry out structured knowledge representation, and knowledge navigation based on natural language cannot efficiently support the WEORA. To solve above problem, this research proposes a method based on question answering(QA) of weapons and equipment knowledge graph(WEKG) to construct and navigate the knowledge related to weapons and equipment in the WEORA. This method firstly constructs the WEKG, and builds a neutral network-based QA system over the WEKG by means of semantic parsing for knowledge navigation. Finally, the method is evaluated and a chatbot on the QA system is developed for the WEORA. Our proposed method has good performance in the accuracy and efficiency of searching target knowledge, and can well assist the WEORA. 展开更多
关键词 operational requirement analysis weapons and equipment knowledge graph(WEKG) question answering(QA) neutral network
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Macroscopic Traversable Wormholes: Minimum Requirements
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作者 Peter K. F. Kuhfittig 《International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics》 2024年第3期230-243,共14页
While wormholes are just as good a prediction of Einstein’s theory as black holes, they are subject to severe restrictions from quantum field theory. To allow for the possibility of interstellar travel, a macroscopic... While wormholes are just as good a prediction of Einstein’s theory as black holes, they are subject to severe restrictions from quantum field theory. To allow for the possibility of interstellar travel, a macroscopic wormhole would need to maintain sufficiently low radial tidal forces. It is proposed in this paper that the assumption of zero tidal forces, i.e., the limiting case, is sufficient for overcoming the restrictions from quantum field theory. The feasibility of this approach is subsequently discussed by 1) introducing the additional conditions needed to ensure that the radial tidal forces can indeed be sufficiently low and 2) by viewing traversable wormholes as emergent phenomena, thereby increasing the likelihood of their existence. 展开更多
关键词 Morris-Thorne Wormholes Traversability Minimum requirements STABILITY Compatibility with Quantum Field Theory
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The Customer Requirements Analysis Method of Engineering Products Based on Multiple Preference Information
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作者 Guo Mao 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第1期204-209,共6页
To effectively evaluate the fuzziness of the market environment in product planning,a customer requirements analysis method based on multiple preference information is proposed.Firstly,decision-makers use a preferred ... To effectively evaluate the fuzziness of the market environment in product planning,a customer requirements analysis method based on multiple preference information is proposed.Firstly,decision-makers use a preferred information form to evaluate the importance of each customer requirement.Secondly,a transfer function is employed to unify various forms of preference information into a fuzzy complementary judgment matrix.The ranking vector is then calculated using row and normalization methods,and the initial importance of customer requirements is obtained by aggregating the weights of decision members.Finally,the correction coefficients of initial importance and each demand are synthesized,and the importance of customer requirements is determined through normalization.The development example of the PE jaw crusher demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 Product planning Customer requirements Importance ratings Multi-format information
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A Study on Aligning Nursing Curriculum with Hospital Clinical Competency Requirements
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作者 Xuemei Li Jarrent Tayag 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第9期283-289,共7页
The purpose of this study is to coordinate the alignment between the nursing curriculum and hospital clinical competencies,identify the reasons for the gaps,evaluate the impact of these gaps on the nursing profession,... The purpose of this study is to coordinate the alignment between the nursing curriculum and hospital clinical competencies,identify the reasons for the gaps,evaluate the impact of these gaps on the nursing profession,and propose strategies to bridge these gaps.This study will help strengthen nursing education,improve nursing students’skills,and help students adapt to complex clinical environments. 展开更多
关键词 Nursing education Clinical competency Hospital requirements Curriculum alignment Gap analysis
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Study of the Interior Design Based on Elderly People’s Psychological Behaviors and Requirements
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作者 Yu-xin Jiang Ai-li Wang 《Journal of Architectural Research and Development》 2024年第6期70-75,共6页
Nowadays,the elderly have become an increasingly large group of people in China,but still many problems exist in their living space.This paper explores the physiological and psychological behavioral changes of the eld... Nowadays,the elderly have become an increasingly large group of people in China,but still many problems exist in their living space.This paper explores the physiological and psychological behavioral changes of the elderly,studies their living space requirements,and tries to put forward targeted design strategies in response.Therefore,making a better and more reasonable living space for the elderly as well as improving their living quality,finally helping the development of elderly-friendly design in China. 展开更多
关键词 Interior design Elderly-friendly design Elderly’s requirement
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Empirical Analysis of Software Success Rate Forecasting During Requirement Engineering Processes 被引量:1
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作者 Muhammad Hasnain Imran Ghani +3 位作者 Seung Ryul Jeong Muhammad Fermi Pasha Sardar Usman Anjum Abbas 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第1期783-799,共17页
Forecasting on success or failure of software has become an interesting and,in fact,an essential task in the software development industry.In order to explore the latest data on successes and failures,this research fo... Forecasting on success or failure of software has become an interesting and,in fact,an essential task in the software development industry.In order to explore the latest data on successes and failures,this research focused on certain questions such as is early phase of the software development life cycle better than later phases in predicting software success and avoiding high rework?What human factors contribute to success or failure of a software?What software practices are used by the industry practitioners to achieve high quality of software in their day-to-day work?In order to conduct this empirical analysis a total of 104 practitioners were recruited to determine how human factors,misinterpretation,and miscommunication of requirements and decision-making processes play their roles in software success forecasting.We discussed a potential relationship between forecasting of software success or failure and the development processes.We noticed that experienced participants had more confidence in their practices and responded to the questionnaire in this empirical study,and they were more likely to rate software success forecasting linking to the development processes.Our analysis also shows that cognitive bias is the central human factor that negatively affects forecasting of software success rate.The results of this empirical study also validated that requirements’misinterpretation and miscommunication were themain causes behind software systems’failure.It has been seen that reliable,relevant,and trustworthy sources of information help in decision-making to predict software systems’success in the software industry.This empirical study highlights a need for other software practitioners to avoid such bias while working on software projects.Future investigation can be performed to identify the other human factors that may impact software systems’success. 展开更多
关键词 Cognitive bias misinterpretation of requirements miscommunication software success and failure prediction decision making
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Quantitatively characterizing sandy soil structure altered by MICP using multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm 被引量:1
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作者 Jianjun Zi Tao Liu +3 位作者 Wei Zhang Xiaohua Pan Hu Ji Honghu Zhu 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第10期4285-4299,共15页
The influences of biological,chemical,and flow processes on soil structure through microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)are not yet fully understood.In this study,we use a multi-level thresholding segmenta... The influences of biological,chemical,and flow processes on soil structure through microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)are not yet fully understood.In this study,we use a multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm,genetic algorithm(GA)enhanced Kapur entropy(KE)(GAE-KE),to accomplish quantitative characterization of sandy soil structure altered by MICP cementation.A sandy soil sample was treated using MICP method and scanned by the synchrotron radiation(SR)micro-CT with a resolution of 6.5 mm.After validation,tri-level thresholding segmentation using GAE-KE successfully separated the precipitated calcium carbonate crystals from sand particles and pores.The spatial distributions of porosity,pore structure parameters,and flow characteristics were calculated for quantitative characterization.The results offer pore-scale insights into the MICP treatment effect,and the quantitative understanding confirms the feasibility of the GAE-KE multi-level thresholding segmentation algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 Soil structure MICRO-CT multi-level thresholding MICP Genetic algorithm(GA)
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Requirement Engineering for E-Coaching in Higher Education
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作者 Essam Almuhsin Ben Soh +1 位作者 Alice Li Azmat Ullah 《Engineering(科研)》 CAS 2023年第5期275-290,共16页
This paper presents a requirement engineering for developing an e-coaching environment in the higher education sector. This research demonstrates that IT experts encounter challenges in establishing a system that matc... This paper presents a requirement engineering for developing an e-coaching environment in the higher education sector. This research demonstrates that IT experts encounter challenges in establishing a system that matches a university’s expectations, as they are usually uncertain about its goals and system requirements. The paper illustrates a business goal-focused requirement induction technique, which encompasses demonstrating the business procedures through Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN), assessing the university goals via the tree diagram, and drawing out the system requirements from the university objectives through UML state diagrams. A case study of supporting the development of a new IT course is used as a case study and applied using BPMN. 展开更多
关键词 E-Coaching System requirements requirement Engineering E-Coaching Process Business Goals
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On the Assessment of Generative AI in Requirements Analysis and Modeling Tasks with UML:An Exploratory Study
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作者 Chong Wang Peng Liang +2 位作者 Xiaojian Li Jian Wang Zhong Luo 《计算机教育》 2023年第12期2-10,共9页
Generative AI is rapidly employed by software developers to generate code or other software artifacts.However,the analysis and assessment of generative AI with respect to requirements analysis and modeling tasks,espec... Generative AI is rapidly employed by software developers to generate code or other software artifacts.However,the analysis and assessment of generative AI with respect to requirements analysis and modeling tasks,especially with UML,has received little attention.This paper investigates the capabilities of generative AI to aid in the creation of three types of UML models:UML use case models,class diagrams,and sequence diagrams.For this purpose,we designed an AI-aided UML modeling task in our course on software requirements modeling.50 undergraduates who majored in Software Engineering at Wuhan University completed the modeling task and the corresponding online survey.Our findings show that generative AI can help create these three types of UML models,but its performance is limited to identifying essential modeling elements of these UML models. 展开更多
关键词 AI-aided education UML modeling Generative AI requirements engineering
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IoT for Streetlighting-Requirements for Modelling of Management Services-Part I
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作者 Mila Ilieva-Obretenova Radi Pipev 《Management Studies》 2023年第5期245-252,共8页
Energy conservation is the effort to reduce the overconsumption of energy by the usage of less energy services.Energy conservation could be user oriented or industry sector oriented.One of these sectors is the streetl... Energy conservation is the effort to reduce the overconsumption of energy by the usage of less energy services.Energy conservation could be user oriented or industry sector oriented.One of these sectors is the streetlighting-major energy consumer in the town-forming nearly 30%of each country’s consumption.Intelligent designed management of streetlighting not only reduces the energy consumption of the town,but also increases the public safety and the wellbeing.The article focuses the management of IoT for streetlighting in smart city.This is the first stage of project“Service management for IoT in streetlighting”.While the basic management principles are efficiency and fairness,the requirements of all actors must be defined.On the base of requirements,the authors synthesize the management functions with selected granularity.The chosen methodology is unified modelling language(UML):use case diagrams.The models are intended to business developers,university professors,and students. 展开更多
关键词 streetlighting IOT requirements management system UML
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An Approach towards Goal-Oriented Requirements Ontology: Consistency and Completeness Based Requirements Analysis
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作者 Mohammad Mustafa Taye Said Ghoul 《Journal of Software Engineering and Applications》 2023年第2期31-49,共19页
The paper presents a new approach to managing software requirement elicitation techniques with a high level of analyses based on domain ontology techniques, where we established a mapping between user scenario, struct... The paper presents a new approach to managing software requirement elicitation techniques with a high level of analyses based on domain ontology techniques, where we established a mapping between user scenario, structured requirement, and domain ontology techniques to improve many attributes such as requirement consistency, completeness and eliminating duplicate requirements to reduce risk of overrun time and budgets. One of the main targets of requirement engineering is to develop a requirement document with high quality. So, we proposed a user interface to collect all vital information about the project directly from the regular user and requirement engineering;After that, the proposal will generate an ontology based on semantic relations and rules. Requirements Engineering tries to keep requirements throughout a project’s life cycle consistent necessities clear, and up to date. This prototype allows mapping requirement scenarios into ontology elements for semantically interrupted. The general points of our prototype are to guarantee the identification requirements and improved nature of the Software Requirements Specification (SRS) by solving incomplete and conflicting information in the requirements specification. 展开更多
关键词 requirements Engineering requirements Elicitation Domain Ontology ONTOLOGY
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Scheme Based on Multi-Level Patch Attention and Lesion Localization for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading
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作者 Zhuoqun Xia Hangyu Hu +4 位作者 Wenjing Li Qisheng Jiang Lan Pu Yicong Shu Arun Kumar Sangaiah 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期409-430,共22页
Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional ... Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional attention schemes have not considered the impact of lesion type differences on grading,resulting in unreasonable extraction of important lesion features.Therefore,this paper proposes a DR diagnosis scheme that integrates a multi-level patch attention generator(MPAG)and a lesion localization module(LLM).Firstly,MPAGis used to predict patches of different sizes and generate a weighted attention map based on the prediction score and the types of lesions contained in the patches,fully considering the impact of lesion type differences on grading,solving the problem that the attention maps of lesions cannot be further refined and then adapted to the final DR diagnosis task.Secondly,the LLM generates a global attention map based on localization.Finally,the weighted attention map and global attention map are weighted with the fundus map to fully explore effective DR lesion information and increase the attention of the classification network to lesion details.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments on the public DDR dataset,obtaining an accuracy of 0.8064. 展开更多
关键词 DDR dataset diabetic retinopathy lesion localization multi-level patch attention mechanism
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