Predictions of friction and flash temperature in marine gears based on a 3D line contact mixed lubrication model considering measured surface roughness

Wear and scuffing failures often occur in marine transmission gears due to high friction and flash temperature at the interface between the meshing-teeth.In this paper,a numerical solution procedure was developed for the predictions of transient friction and flash temperature in the marine timing gears during one meshing circle based on the 3D line contact mixed lubrication simulation,which had been verified by comparing the flash temperature with those from Blok’s theory.The effect of machined surface roughness on the mixed lubrication characteristics is studied.The obtained results for several typical gear pairs indicate that gear pair 4-6 exhibits the largest friction and the highest interfacial temperature increase due to severe rough surface asperity contacts,while the polished gear surfaces yield the smallest friction and the lowest interfacial temperature.In addition,the influences of the operating conditions and the gear design parameters on the friction-temperature behaviors are discussed.It is observed that the conditions of heavy load and low rotational velocity usually lead to significantly increased friction and temperature.In the meantime,by optimizing the gear design parameters,such as the modulus and the pressure angle,the performance of interfacial friction and temperature can be significantly improved.

Genetic Analysis of Stripe Disease Resistance in Rice Restorer Line C224 Using Major Gene plus Polygene Mixed Effect Model

The inheritance of stripe disease resistance in a rice restorer line C224 was analyzed using the mixed effect model of major gene plus polygene for quantitative traits.In addition,the resistance was investigated in seven crosses of C224 with maintainer lines.The results showed that the stripe resistance of C224 was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects （E-1 model）.These two genes had additive effects of-12.47% and-24.75%,respectively,showing negative dominance effects.There were significant epistasis and interaction effects between the two major genes.The heritability of the two major genes was 92.12%,while that of polygenes was 2.74%,indicating that the stripe resistance had dominant major gene effect.Of the seven crosses,five displayed high or medium resistance to the stripe disease.

Sequencing of Mixed Model Assembly Lines Based on Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm

Shuffled frog leaping algorithm( SFLA) was used to solve multi-objective sequencing problem of mixed model assembly line( MMAL). Local convergence can be avoided and optimal solution can be obtained to a certain extent. However,the multi-objective sequencing problem of MMAL is an non-deterministic polynomial hard( NP-hard) problem and the shortcomings are slow convergence rate and low precision. To solve the shortcomings for optimization objectives of minimizing total utility time and keeping average consumption rate of parts, a chaos differential evolution SFLA( CDESFLA) is proposed in this study. Because SFLA is easy to fall into local optimum,the evolution operator of differential evolution algorithms is introduced in SFLA as a local search strategy,and differential mutation operator is introduced in chaotic sequence to prevent premature convergence. The examples show that the proposed CDESFLA is better for convergence accuracy than SFLA,genetic algorithm( GA) and particle swarm optimization( PSO)

Minimizing Makespan on Mixed Mass Production Lines of Two and Three Machines

The objective of the research discussed in this paper has been to find an optimal schedule on mixed mass production lines of two and three machines. Johnson's rule on flow shops is generalized to mixed mass production lines. Scheduling methods on three-machine lines are proposed for six special kinds of data of processing times of jobs. The scheduling method on two-machine lines is also proposed.

Genetic Algorithm for Concurrent Balancing of Mixed-Model Assembly Lines with Original Task Times of Models

The growing global competition compels manufacturing organizations to engage themselves in all productivity improvement activities. In this direction, the consideration of mixed-model assembly line balancing problem and implementing in industries plays a major role in improving organizational productivity. In this paper, the mixed model assembly line balancing problem with deterministic task times is considered. The authors made an attempt to develop a genetic algorithm for realistic design of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem. The design is made using the originnal task times of the models, which is a realistic approach. Then, it is compared with the generally perceived design of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem.

Solving Level Scheduling in Mixed Model Assembly Line by Simulated Annealing Method

This paper presents an application of the simulated annealing algorithm to solve level schedules in mixed model assembly line. Solving production sequences with both number of setups and material usage rates to the minimum rate will optimize the level schedule. Miltenburg algorithm (1989) is first used to get seed sequence to optimize further. For this the utility time of the line and setup time requirement on each station is considered. This seed sequence is optimized by simulated annealing. This investigation helps to understand the importance of utility in the assembly line. Up to 15 product sequences are taken and constructed by using randomizing method and find the objective function value for this. For a sequence optimization, a meta-heuristic seems much more promising to guide the search into feasible regions of the solution space. Simulated annealing is a stochastic local search meta-heuristic, which bases the acceptance of a modified neighboring solution on a probabilistic scheme inspired by thermal processes for obtaining low-energy states in heat baths. Experimental results show that the simulated annealing approach is favorable and competitive compared to Miltenburg’s constructive algorithm for the problems set considered. It is proposed to found 16,985 solutions, the time taken for computation is 23.47 to 130.35, and the simulated annealing improves 49.33% than Miltenberg.

Mixed-Model U-Shaped Assembly Line Balancing Problems with Coincidence Memetic Algorithm

Mixed-model U-shaped assembly line balancing problems (MMUALBP) is known to be NP-hard resulting in it being nearly impossible to obtain an optimal solution for practical problems with deterministic algorithms. This paper pre-sents a new evolutionary method called combinatorial optimisation with coincidence algorithm (COIN) being applied to Type I problems of MMUALBP in a just-in-time production system. Three objectives are simultaneously considered;minimum number workstations, minimum work relatedness, and minimum workload smoothness. The variances of COIN are also proposed, i.e. CNSGA II, and COIN-MA. COIN and its variances are tested against a well-known algo-rithm namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) and MNSGA II (a memetic version of NSGA II). Experimental results showed that COIN outperformed NSGA II. In addition, although COIN-MA uses a marginal CPU time than CNSGA II, its other performances are dominated.

Heuristics for Mixed Model Assembly Line Balancing Problem with Sequencing

The growing global competition compels organizations to use many productivity improvement techniques. In this direction, assembly line balancing helps an organization to design its assembly line such that its balancing efficiency is maximized. If the organization assembles more than one model in the same line, then the objective is to maximize the average balancing efficiency of the models of the mixed model assembly line balancing problem. Maximization of average balancing efficiency of the models along with minimization of makespan of sequencing models forms a multi-objective function. This is a realistic objective function which combines the balancing efficiency and makespan. This assembly line balancing problem with multi-objective comes under combinatorial category. Hence, development of meta-heuristic is inevitable. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop three genetic algorithms for the mixed model assembly line balancing problem such that the average balancing efficiency of the model is maximized and the makespan of sequencing the models is minimized. Finally, these three algorithms and another algorithm in literature modified to solve the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem are compared in terms of the stated multi-objective function using a randomly generated set of problems through a complete factorial experiment.

Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms of Low-cement or No-cement Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO Gunning Mix with Special Calcined Alumina in Rotary Slag Test

Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO and Al_(2)O_(3)-spinel low cement castables(LCC-AM and LCC-AS)have been extensively used in steel ladles as working linings.Nevertheless,the use of alumina-magnesia gunning mixes has been mainly kept for maintaining these castable linings,because of high rebound loss,poor green strength,high porosity and short life-span.Thanks to a high BET alumina(MC-G),it is now possible to develop a series of high-performance no-cement or low-cement Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO gunning mixes(NCG-AM or LCG-AM).The paper focuses on the BOF slag resistance of NCG-AM,LCG-AM,LCC-AM and LCC-AS.The corrosion mechanisms of rotary slag samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM/EDS).The results reveal different microstructures around MgO particles,depending on the four used compositions.Continuous and thicker spinel phases were formed in NCG-AM,which was proved to have the best corrosion resistance after the dynamic slag test.MC-G can provide a high diffusion flux of Al^(3+)in terms of kinetics and hence inhibits Kirkendall porosity around MgO particles.In addition,a continuous spinel phase acts like a pinning nail to reinforce the matrix and thus decreases erosion by slag.In contrast to NCG-AM,the porous spinel phase was found around unreacted MgO particles and some particles were carried away near the interface of LCC-AM and slag.The NCG-AM containing MC-G had been tested in two steel plants,and it extended the service life of the ladles up to 50%.In addition,this study suggests the potential application of NCG-AM as steel ladle linings.

Mean-Field Solution of a Mixed Spin-3/2 and Spin-2 Ising Ferrimagnetic System with Different Single-Ion Anisotropies

The mixed spin-3/2 and spin-2 Ising ferrimagnetic system with different single-ion anisotropies in the absence of an external magnetic field is studied within the mean-field theory based on Bogoliubov inequality for the Gibbs free energy. Second-order critical lines are obtained in the temperature-anisotropy plane. Tricritical line separating second-order and first-order lines is found. Finally, the existence and dependence of a compensation points on single-ion anisotropies is also investigated for the system. As a result, this mixed-spin model exhibits one, two or three compensation temperature depending on the values of the anisotropies.

Minimizing Products Rates Variation in Just-in-Time Mixed-Model Manufacturing

Mixed-Model assembly lines are often used in manufacturing based on just-in-time techniques. The effective utilization of these lines requires a schedule for assembling the different models be determined. The objective is to minimize the total deviation of actual production rates from the desired production rates. Mathematical method with the optimization algorithm is proposed here to solve this problem. To prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, a number of test problems are solved. The results show that the proposed algorithm is an efficient and effective algorithm which gives better results with the large problem sizes. This paper presents a practical procedure to minimize total product variation rates, and easy to use by practitioner.

京广高铁联络线160m四线混合连续梁桥设计及关键技术

京广高铁联络线流溪河特大桥主桥采用(70+160+70)m四线混合连续梁方案跨越流溪河。该桥为四线铁路钢混混合梁式桥,文中介绍了该桥工程概况、结构构造及主要计算结果。为确定四线铁路混合连续梁桥的关键技术,采用结构分析软件对该桥等效跨度、边中跨比、钢梁长跨比等结构参数进行对比研究,得出0.875倍预应力混凝土连续梁跨度为等效跨度、0.45~0.5的合理边中跨比、0.35~0.4的合理钢梁长跨比等结论。该桥中跨跨中设63 m钢梁,截面采用易于运输、施工方案更灵活的分离双箱钢梁截面,提高了结构适应性;中跨钢梁的设置减小了结构自重和梁高,提高了桥梁的跨越能力,减少工后徐变;中跨中钢梁替换常规混凝土梁,大大减小了主跨自重,边跨长度可进一步减小,有利于满足高速铁路刚度要求;钢梁采用整体吊装施工方案,减少了悬灌节段数,缩短了施工工期,为铁路高速发展提供了便利。

机器人人工拣选环境下混流装配线齐套物料配送优化

为了提高汽车制造企业配送的智能化水平、解决混流装配线齐套物料人工拣选效率低、成本高的问题,引入基于齐套物料配送策略的机器人人工拣选模式,通过优化自动拣选机器人、工人的配置数量及配送周期,使包含机器人使用成本、劳动力成本和在制品库存成本在内的总成本最小。为求解该配送优化问题,提出了改进量子蚁群算法,利用量子比特的叠加性增加种群多样性,避免算法陷入局部最优,同时设计了改进量子旋转门更新机制和基于差分进化操作的非最优个体优化策略,提高了算法收敛速度和寻优质量。最后,通过算例分析验证了模型的正确性与算法的有效性,并分析了拣选批量对总成本的影响。

面向钣金混流生产线的仿真优化研究

文章以某电梯钣金加工公司的钣金混流生产线为背景,通过虚拟仿真方法对钣金生产环节中的投产序列和瓶颈问题进行优化。首先,根据某电梯门板生产线的实际生产状况,建立生产线的仿真模型,以工件完工时间、设备空闲时间和设备总切换时间为目标,基于遗传算法,优化钣金混流生产线的投产序列;其次,通过分析缓存区添加位置和容量对钣金生产线产量的影响,解决生产线堵塞、利用率不平衡等问题。结果表明,对生产线的优化有效,经优化后的投产序列相比原始投产序列整体时间缩短约15%,通过适宜的缓存区设置,各工位设备平均利用率提高了9.6%,产量提高了14.15%。

基于FSC和TCSC混合复用的交直流混联线路潜供电弧特性

为提高系统运行稳定性,高补偿度串补装置广泛投入使用,但线路故障后潜供电流存在高幅值的低频分量,潜供电弧难以自熄。针对此问题,基于交直流混联输电线路,研究了不同布置方式下串补度对潜供电流与恢复电压幅值影响,提出了一种固定串补(fixed series compensation,FSC)和可控串补(thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC)混合复用抑制潜供电弧的方法。此外,为满足线路对高补偿度的需求,设计FSC和TCSC混合复用串补度最佳配置方案。结果表明,交直流混联线路采用串补度40%的双平台分散布置方式,潜供电流与恢复电压幅值达到最小,燃弧时间最短。高补偿度串补线路TCSC采用串补度10%、20%的配置方案更利于熄弧,提高重合闸成功率。

基于时间线性拟合的地缆架空混合线路的行波故障定位

目的研究n段地缆架空混合输电线路中行波故障定位问题,提出一种基于时间线性拟合的行波故障定位方法。方法首先对故障区域进行判断,确定故障所在的区域,其次再将不同波阻抗线路进行归一化处理,减少因波速不同而产生的测距误差,最后使用时间线性拟合的方法对故障进行精确定位。结果解决了初始行波波头识别困难的问题,也减小了行波速度随传输距离变化而变化带来的测距误差问题。结论在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建一个500 kV的地缆架空混合输电线路仿真模型,实验的验证结果表明此故障定位方法能够有效地解决因行波速度不同而导致的双端行波测距方法不适用问题,最终实现对故障点的精确定位。

R冷链企业混流生产线排产优化研究

以R冷链企业混流生产线为研究对象,以闲置时间与超载时间之和最小为目标建立排产优化模型。同时,考虑模型混流装配线投产的特性,采用遗传算法对模型求解。结果表明,混流生产线的投入产出比由75.5%提高至85.0%,日产量提高了11.26%,可以为冷链企业提高产能提供一定的参考。

杉阔混交林自疏边界线研究

[目的]正确揭示混交林自然稀疏机制,是实现森林可持续经营目标的基础。[方法]本研究利用1991~2016年福建、江西和安徽省森林资源连续清查数据,采用线性回归分析、随机边界分析和分位数回归分析,研究树种混交、纬度变化和立地条件对杉阔混交林密度和生长之间自疏轨迹的影响规律。[结果]相较于杉木纯林,杉阔混交林自疏线呈上移且趋于平缓的状态。不管采用何种拟合方式,杉阔混交林自疏线与纯林自疏线变化规律基本一致,未偏离-1.605。混交比例对杉阔混交林自疏斜率具有正向影响,纬度和立地条件具有负向影响。线性回归模型拟合得到的是混交林的林分平均密度,分位数回归拟合得到的最大林分密度线受分位数值的影响,随机边界分析可以避免主观选择自疏拟合数据的缺陷,是混交林最大密度线的最佳拟合方法。[结论]杉阔混交林自疏轨迹与杉木纯林相一致,主要受混交比例、纬度和立地条件的影响,采用随机边界分析方法可以得到混交林最大林分密度,本研究可为杉阔混交林密度确定和调控提供实践指导。

临近既有铁路增建新线地基处理施工影响比较分析

我国东南沿海一带,铁路既有线的建设时代久远、铁路路基建设标准低,地基土质条件差,受增建新线铁路路基的地基处理施工影响明显。对地基处理施工进行现场监测,选取施工影响小的地基处理方法对保障既有铁路运营安全至关重要。根据超孔隙水压力、地表位移和深层位移的现场施工监测数据,分析地基处理施工影响范围和程度,得到以下结论:(1)施工影响由大到小的排序为高压旋喷桩(管桩)>水泥搅拌桩>全方位高压喷射(MJS)桩>布袋桩;(2)水泥搅拌桩施工影响范围在5 m左右,高压旋喷桩施工影响范围高达10 m,布袋桩施工影响范围大约为3 m,MJS桩施工影响范围在4 m左右。对比高压旋喷桩、管桩、布袋桩和MJS桩与搅拌桩施工影响大小,优化临近既有铁路增建新线的地基处理方案,可以有效控制增建新线地基处理对既有铁路的扰动影响,确保既有铁路安全。

资源约束的模块化服装生产工序编排优化模型与算法

为适应“多品种、小批量、短周期”服装生产现状,考虑服装生产线工作站带有资源设备数量约束的作业平衡问题(RCALB-VRW),以资源设备总数和平滑系数(SI)的极小化建立双目标优化数学模型。针对RCALB-VRW的特点,提出基于合并工作站策略的装箱遗传算法。首先设计工序分配列表与资源设备列表的双层实数编码方式;其次基于传统资源约束的生产线平衡问题的资源配置算法,对工作站与资源设备进行装箱操作,优化工序编排方案,在混合服装生产线的设备资源投入数量最小化的前提下,实现各工作站平稳作业;最后以两款相近衬衫为算例进行测试,并与另外3种资源约束模型比较,结果表明装箱遗传算法能够更高效地求解有资源设备数量约束的服装生产工序编排。所提方法可为服装智能制造与精益生产的推进提供理论指导。