CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING SELF-SYNCHRONIZATION OF A MULTI-MOTOR VIBRATION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Multi-motor vibratory transmission systems have been wide used in large vibratory machines, and four-motor linear vibratory machine is one typical equipment of them. Under non-forcible synchronization condition zero-phase synchronization of the machine is non-stationary and it-phase synchronization is stable. Under half-forcible synchronization condition in which only one motor is controlled being synchronous to another, only lag synchronization near zero-phase synchronization can be realized. Both of the characteristics have never been revealed with classical theory quantitatively. The problem is solved by means of establishing an electromechanical coupling mathematical model of the system and numerical analysis of the starting processes.

Novel Adaptive Neural Controller Design Based on HVDC Transmission System to Damp Low Frequency Oscillations and Sub Synchronous Resonance

This paper presents the effect of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system based on voltage source converter (VSC) on the sub synchronous resonance (SSR) and low frequency oscillations (LFO) in power system. Also, a novel adaptive neural controller based on neural identifier is proposed for the HVDC which is capable of damping out LFO and sub synchronous oscillations (SSO). For comparison purposes, results of system based damping neural controller are compared with a lead-lag controller based on quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO). It is shown that implementing adaptive damping controller not only improves the stability of power system but also can overcome drawbacks of conventional compensators with fixed parameters. In order to determine the most effective input of HVDC system to apply supplementary controller signal, analysis based on singular value decomposition is performed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, transient simulations of detailed nonlinear system are considered.

Research and Test of Three-Pulley Noncircular Synchronous Pulley Transmission Mechanism with Minimum Slack

The noncircular synchronous belt drive mechanism has demonstrated certain achievements and has been used in special fields.Research regarding noncircular synchronous belt drive mechanisms has focused on optimization design and kinematic analysis in China,whereas two pulley noncircular synchronous belt transmissions have been developed overseas.However,owing to the noncircular characteristics of the belt pulley,the real-time variation in the belt length slack during the transmission of the noncircular synchronous belt is significant,resulting in high probabilities of skipping and vibration.In this study,a noncircular tensioning pulley is added to create a stable three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt driving mechanism and a good synchronous belt tensioning,with no skipping;hence,the non-uniform output characteristic of the driven pulley is consistent with the theoretical value.In the circular noncircular noncircular three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt mechanism,the pitch curve of the driving synchronous belt pulley is circular,whereas those of the driven synchronous belt and tensioning pulleys are noncircular.To minimize the slack of the belt length of the synchronous belt and the constraint of the concavity and circumference of the tensioning pulley,an automatic optimization model of the tensioning pulley pitch curve is established.The motion simulation,analysis,and optimization code for a three-belt-pulley noncircular synchronous belt drive mechanism is written,and the variation in belt length slack under different speed ratios is analyzed based on several examples.The testbed for a circular-noncircular-noncircular three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt transmission mechanism is developed.The test shows that the three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt drives well.This study proposes an automatic optimization algorithm for the tensioning pulley pitch curve of a noncircular synchronous belt transmission mechanism;it yields a stable transmission of the noncircular synchronous belt transmission mechanism as well as non-uniform output characteristics.

ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS MECHANISM EXPLANATION OF VIBRATORY SYNCHRONIZATION TRANSMISSION

Vibratory synchronization transmission (VST) is a kind of special physicalphenomenon in inertia vibration mechanical systems. For an inertia vibration mechanical systemdriven by one pair of motors runs in step, even the power supply of one motor is cut off, the motorcan continue to keep rotating state under the vibration exciting of the machine body driven by onlyone other motor. And its rotating frequency will be the same as that of the other one. The transientprocess of this wonderful physical phenomenon has not been described quantitatively according tocurrent-existing mechanical models. On the basis of investigation of the engineering characteristicsof VST, a mechanical and electrical coupling mathematical model of a two-shaft inertia vibrationmachine is established. With this model, the transient process of VST is recurred quantitatively andsuccessfully, and a reasonable explanation is given.

Mode Selection for CoMP Transmission with Nonideal Synchronization

This paper proposes a mode selection scheme to improve the spectral efficiency for coordinated multi-point(CoMP) transmission with phase synchronization errors(PSE). Upper bounds of average achievable rate for different CoMP transmission modes, such as coordinated beamforming(CB) and joint processing(JP), are derived by random matrix theory and asymptotic mathematical approximation. According to these upper bounds, the proposed scheme switches CoMP transmission mode between CB and JP adaptively to enhance the average achievable rate. Simulation results show that these upper bounds agree well with the average achievable rates for both JP and CB, and the proposed scheme outperforms traditional single mode CoMP transmission when PSE exist.

Defect Analysis and Innovation Design of Synchronizer for Clutchless Automatic Mechanical Transmission

The synchronizer is a key component of automatic mechanical transmission(AMT)equipped in electric vehicles,but the inertial lock-ring synchronizer(ILRS)commonly used there is not suitable especially for pure electric vehicles without a clutch because of big shift impact.To make the shifting process rapid and smooth,a new synchronizer named pressure-controllable friction ring synchronizer(PCFRS)was designed.Initially,the inevitable shortcoming of ILRS was verified by simulation and test.Furthermore,the mechanical characteristics and advantages of the new synchronizer over ILRS were analyzed.Then,the formulations describing the dynamic transmission based on the working mechanism of the PCFRS were established.Finally,the shifting simulation results with PCFRS and ILRS based on the same operating conditions were compared and analyzed.The research shows that the PCFRS can meet the main shifting evaluation index of an AMT without complex control methods,as well as it takes only 0.2406 s to finish the comfortable and zero-speed-difference shifting.The shifting quality of PCFRS is better than that of the ILRS.It lays a foundation for using the new synchronizer as a part of clutchless AMTs equipped in pure electric vehicles.

Effects of information transmission delay and channel blocking on synchronization in scale-free Hodgkin-Huxley neuronal networks

In this paper,we investigate the evolution of spatiotemporal patterns and synchronization transitions in dependence on the information transmission delay and ion channel blocking in scale-free neuronal networks.As the underlying model of neuronal dynamics,we use the Hodgkin-Huxley equations incorporating channel blocking and intrinsic noise.It is shown that delays play a significant yet subtle role in shaping the dynamics of neuronal networks.In particular,regions of irregular and regular propagating excitatory fronts related to the synchronization transitions appear intermittently as the delay increases.Moreover,the fraction of working sodium and potassium ion channels can also have a significant impact on the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal networks.As the fraction of blocked sodium channels increases,the frequency of excitatory events decreases,which in turn manifests as an increase in the neuronal synchrony that,however,is dysfunctional due to the virtual absence of large-amplitude excitations.Expectedly,we also show that larger coupling strengths improve synchronization irrespective of the information transmission delay and channel blocking.The presented results are also robust against the variation of the network size,thus providing insights that could facilitate understanding of the joint impact of ion channel blocking and information transmission delay on the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal networks.

Design and Realization of Phased Array Radar Optical Fiber Transmission System

One optical fiber transmission system is designed. The modularization optical fiber transmission adapters were utilized in the system, so the system structure could be flexibly sealable. The sub-array adapter and signal processor adapter were designed and realized utilizing the new field programmable gate array （FP- GA） which could drive the optical transceiver. The transmission agreement was designed based on the data stream. In order to solve the signal synchronization problem of the optical fiber transmitted phased array radar, a method named synchronous clock was designed. The fiber transmission error code rate of the system was zero with an experimental transmission velocity of 800 Mbit/s. The phased array radar system has detected the airplane target, thus validated the feasibility of the design method.

Fault Location Method for STATCOM Connected Transmission Lines Using CCM

Determining the fault location using conventional impedance based distance relay in the presence of FACTS controllers is a challenging task in a transmission line. A new distance protection method is developed to locate the fault in a transmission line compensated with STATCOM with simple calculations. The proposed protection method considers the STATCOM injected/absorbed current to correct the fault loop apparent impedance and accordingly calculates the actual distance to the fault location. The comprehensive equations needed for apparent impedance calculation are also outlined and the performance is evaluated and tested with a typical 400 KV transmission system for different fault types and locations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The evaluation results indicate that the new protection method effectively estimates the exact fault location by mitigating the impact of STATCOM on distance relay performance with error less than 0.3%.

Non-PLL high-precision synchronous sampling method among lots of acoustics acquisition channels for underwater multilinear array seismic exploration system

Synchronous sampling is very essential in underwater multilinear array seismic exploration system in which every acquisition node(AN)samples analog signals by its own analog-digital converter(ADC).Aiming at the problems of complex synchronous sampling method and long locking time after varying sampling rate in traditional underwater seismic exploration system,an improved synchronous sampling model based on the master-slave synchronous model and local clock asynchronous drive with non phase locked loop(PLL)is built,and a high-precision synchronous sampling method is proposed,which combines the short-term stability of local asynchronous driving clock with the master-slave synchronous calibration of local sampling clock.Based on the improved synchronous sampling model,the influence of clock stability,transmission delay and phase jitter on synchronous sampling error is analyzed,and a high-precision calibration method of synchronous sampling error based on step-by-step compensation of transmission delay is proposed.The model and method effectively realize the immunity of phase jitter on synchronous sampling error in principle,and compensate the influence of signal transmission delay on synchronous sampling error.At the same time,it greatly reduces the complexity of software and hardware implementation of synchronous sampling,and solves the problem of long locking time after changing the sampling rate in traditional methods.The experimental system of synchronous sampling for dual linear array is built,and the synchronous sampling accuracy is better than 5 ns.

Design of Wireless Transmission System for Shallow Seismograph Based on 433 M Module

Because of its portability,the non-cable seismograph has become the future development trend of geophysical instruments.A new wireless data transmission device of 433 M module was proposed;a wireless network was built using the EL1663B_PA module of the SI4463 core,and through the SPI interface to modify the internal parameters.Data transmission used dual antenna mode,the main station as the center of the wireless network coverage up to 550 m or more.The wireless time synchronization system was designed to realize the wireless connection communication between the shallow seismograph and the sensor of each observation point.This program aimed to eliminate the necessary connecting cable and batteries between the conventional shallow seismograph and the detector,greatly reducing the weight of the equipment,and making the shallow seismograph truly low cost,lightweight,flexible and easy to operate and so on.

A consensus time synchronization protocol in wireless sensor network

Time synchronization is one of the base techniques in wireless sensor networks(WSNs).This paper proposes a novel time synchronization protocol which is a robust consensusbased algorithm in the existence of transmission delay and packet loss.It compensates for transmission delay and packet loss firstly,and then,estimates clock skew and clock offset in two steps.Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed protocol can keep synchronization error below 2μs in the grid network of 10 nodes or the random network of 90 nodes.Moreover,the synchronization accuracy in the proposed protocol can keep constant when the WSN works up to a month.

双三相同步磁阻电机单相开路故障下的容错控制策略

双三相同步磁阻电机(dual three-phase synchronous reluctance motor,DTP-SynRM)转子不含永磁体,没有高温退磁风险,成本较低,且由于其系统自由度高、冗余性强,因此具有较好的容错性能。开路故障是双三相同步磁阻电机系统中最常见的故障类型之一,该文针对一种两套三相绕组中性点相互独立的双三相同步磁阻电机单相开路故障,建立DTP-SynRM矢量空间解耦模型,实现对电压、电流和磁链方程的完全解耦。在开路故障状态下仍将其视为一个正常的双三相电机,分析故障状态对电机的电流约束和信号传递的影响,并指出在开路故障下z2轴电流与β轴电流不再独立,电机由正常运行时的四阶系统降阶为三阶系统,而由于开路故障导致的电压信号传递不准确则会在dq坐标系中引入二次谐波电流,并产生二次和四次转矩波动。该文提出一种同时考虑电流约束和信号传递误差的故障容错方法,电机处于三闭环运行状态,补偿电压信号传递误差,抑制开路故障时电机的转矩波动并降低电流谐波。搭建实验平台进行实验,验证所提容错方法的有效性和可行性。

励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应对大型同步调相机转子暂态电流特性的影响

针对大型同步调相机暂态分析时模型精度较低的问题,提出一种考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应的同步调相机暂态分析精确模型。首先,通过引入特征电抗建立同步调相机考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应的暂态分析精确模型,并基于励磁电流拟合对特征电抗进行求解。然后,通过三相短路与BC相间短路故障仿真,对比同步调相机传统模型与精确模型的转子暂态电流特性。最后,建立同步调相机机-网暂态仿真模型,分析系统送端交流母线电压波动时同步调相机精确模型的暂态运行特性。研究表明,考虑励磁绕组与阻尼绕组耦合效应时同步调相机转子暂态电流特性的精度更高。三相短路与BC相间短路故障后3个周期内,同步调相机暂态分析精确模型励磁电流峰值平均值的精度分别提高了27.27%和61.53%。

数字示波器中FPGA间高速信号传输同步方法

数据采集系统是数字示波器(DSO)的核心组成单元,随着示波器带宽采样率的逐步提升,单片模数转换器(ADC)+现场可编辑门控阵列(FPGA)的架构难以满足超高速以及多通道的应用场景,因此,高端示波器中数据采集系统普遍采用“主从”FPGA控制架构。在该架构下,多个FPGA之间信号的同步传输是实现采集系统的同步和精确采集的重要前提。针对多FPGA板卡之间的信号同步传输问题,提出了一种FPGA之间高速信号同步传输的方法,借助FPGA的IODELAY单元,通过测试数据训练找到最稳定的同步传输区间,实现多FPGA之间的同步传输。在自研的数字示波器上的实验表明,该方法能够有效实现FPGA之间高速信号的同步传输。

电流差动保护在海上风电低频送出线路中的适应性分析

低频输电技术在中远距离海上风电领域应用潜力巨大。电流差动保护是广泛应用的传统交流保护,面对电力电子型电源时其性能可能受到影响,故有必要研究其在海上风电低频输电系统中的适应性。文中基于故障复合序网推导了直驱风机和模块化多电平矩阵换流器的电源特性对故障电流的影响,理论分析了电流差动保护的适应性。为定量分析保护适应性,提出了基于改进节点方程的故障电气量计算方法,计算给定故障条件下的故障电流和保护判据取值,判断保护动作情况。研究表明,单相接地和两相短路时保护灵敏度降低,甚至可能拒动;两相接地和三相短路时,保护能正常动作。最后,建立PSCAD/EMTDC仿真模型验证了理论分析和计算方法的正确性。

无人机平台运动状态下节点间高精度时间同步

节点间的时间同步是无人机集群资源调度、协同定位、数据融合的基础,在同步精度要求较高的场景中常用双向时间同步进行节点间的时间同步。然而无人机的相对运动会导致两次同步消息的传播时延不等,进而引起时间同步误差。针对该问题,首先从线性方程组求解角度分析了时间同步误差的产生原因,提出了一种利用双触发双向时间同步以增加方程个数、并在节点匀速运动前提下减少未知量个数的方法。然后推导了该方法下钟差的求解公式,结果表明钟差求解与节点的匀速运动速度无关。随后比较了在加性高斯白噪声信道中双触发式双向时间同步方法与现有运动补偿方法的钟差估计性能,并分析了时间戳处理时延和速度改变对钟差求解精度的影响。最后通过外场实验验证了双触发式双向时间同步的有效性。仿真及实验结果表明,相比于传统双向时间同步,双触发式双向时间同步不会因节点的匀速运动导致主从节点间的时间同步出现系统偏差。

无蜂窝大规模MIMO的接入点间同步与空口校准技术

无线通信系统中多个天线单元相干协作发送(CJT)技术的性能严重依赖于发送端已知信道状态信息(CSI)。为了避免CSI反馈,通常假设系统工作在时分双工(TDD)模式。利用TDD空口上下行信道的互易性,根据上行探测信道获得下行CSI。但是,实际系统中由于节点(AP)间存在同步误差及通道的非理想因素,上下行整体信道并不互易。研究了面向无蜂窝大规模MIMO的网络侧时频同步以及空口(OTA)校准技术。基于现网商用远端天线单元(RRU)以及同步技术,给出了大规模组网的同步和空口校准方案。结合试验系统,探讨了CJT对同步和校准的性能的要求以及无蜂窝大规模MIMO实现方式和节点天线配置,给出了校准相位的预测性能。

分频输电系统同步发电机端口三相短路引起的振荡转矩分析

为了研究分频输电系统频率降低对水轮发电机机端三相短路时所产生的振荡转矩初始幅值的影响,建立了同步发电机的5阶数学模型,推导了5阶模型下同步发电机带负载机端突然三相短路时,振荡转矩初始幅值的解析表达式;比较了工/分频水轮发电机在额定工作状态下经同一短线路向系统送出有功和无功时,机端电压与功角的大小关系;在水轮同步发电机的实际工程应用标准参数与电气参数限定范围内,研究了振荡转矩初始幅值关于机端电压与功角的单调性,比较了相同工况下工/分频系统振荡转矩初始幅值的大小,并量化分析比较了包括频率在内的多种因素对振荡转矩初始幅值的影响程度。研究结果表明:在水轮同步发电机参数、工况相同,仅考虑频率降低的情况下,经短线路向系统送出功率,分频输电系统振荡转矩的初始幅值小于工频系统;在各影响因素中,直轴次暂态电抗对振荡转矩初始幅值影响最大,交轴同步电抗影响最小。

输电线路清障飞行机器人双行走轮同步控制

传统架空输电线路异物清除作业无人机易受环境影响,作业困难且存在较多扰动等问题。基于此本文设计一种高空作业无人机挂线行走控制机构解决该问题。首先,根据输电线路环境与无人机作业模式,设计挂线行走机构,减弱高空作业时对无人机所受飞行作业扰动的影响;其次,针对清障机器人双行走轮转速同步存在误差问题,提出一种基于反向传播–比例积分微分(back propagation-proportional-integral-differential,BP-PID)主从融合偏差耦合的电机同步控制策略。通过仿真与实物实验验证表明,本文提出的挂线作业无人机双行走轮同步控制算法可有效解决电机因负载导致的转速不稳定以及高空作业无人机受环境扰动的问题。