Coordinated control strategy for robotic-assisted gait training with partial body weight support

Walking is the most basic and essential part of the activities of daily living. To enable the elderly and non-ambulatory gait-impaired patients, the repetitive practice of this task, a novel gait training robot(GTR) was designed followed the end-effector principle, and an active partial body weight support(PBWS) system was introduced to facilitate successful gait training. For successful establishment of a walking gait on the GTR with PBWS, the motion laws of the GTR were planned to enable the phase distribution relationships of the cycle step, and the center of gravity(COG) trajectory of the human body during gait training on the GTR was measured. A coordinated control strategy was proposed based on the impedance control principle. A robotic prototype was developed as a platform for evaluating the design concepts and control strategies. Preliminary gait training with a healthy subject was implemented by the robotic-assisted gait training system and the experimental results are encouraging.

Research on the Influence Factors and Coordinated Control Strategies between Unit and Grid for Isolated Power System

As the existing coordinated control strategies between grid and unit have limitations in isolated power system, this paper introduces new coordinated control strategies which can improve the stability of isolated system operation. This paper analyzes the power grid side and unit side influence factors on the isolated power system. The dynamic models which are suitable for islanding operation are applied to simulate and analyze the stability and dynamic characteristics of the isolated power system under the conditions of different load disturbances and governor parameters. With considering the differences of frequency characteristics between the interconnected and isolated power system, the adjusting and optimization methods of under frequency load shedding are proposed to meet the frequency stability requirements simultaneously in the two cases. Not only proper control strategies of the power plant but the settings of their parameters are suggested to improve the operation stability of the isolated power system. To confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the method mentioned above, the isolated system operation test was conducted under the real power system condition, and the results show that the proposed coordinated control strategies can greatly improve stability of the isolated power system.

Ecological and Environmental Protection Requirements in China s Regional Coordinated Development Strategy in the New Era

Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.

Improved Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System Based on DoubleLayer Coordination Control

An improved automatic voltage coordination control strategy(AVCCS) based on automatic voltage control(AVC) and battery energy storage control(BESC) is proposed for photovoltaic grid-connected system(PVGS) to mitigate the voltage fluctuations caused by environmental disturbances.Only AVC is used when small environmental disturbances happen,while BESC is incorporated with AVC to restrain the voltage fluctuations when large disturbances happen.An adjustable parameter determining the allowed amplitudes of voltage fluctuations is introduced to realize the above switching process.A benchmark low voltage distribution system including PVGS is established by using the commercial software DIg SILENT.Simulation results show that the voltage under AVCCS satisfies the IEEE Standard 1547,and the installed battery capacity is also reduced.Meanwhile,the battery's service life is extended by avoiding frequent charges/discharges in the control process.

Optimal design of coordination control strategy for distributed generation system

This paper presents a novel design procedure for optimizing the power distribution strategy in distributed generation system. A coordinating controller, responsible to distribute the total load power request among multiple DG units, is suggested based on the conception of hierarchical control structure in the dynamic system. The optimal control problem was formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem subject to set of constraints. The resulting problem was solved using the Kuhn-Tucker method. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide better efficiency in terms of reducing total costs compared to existing methods. In addition, the proposed optimal load distribution strategy can be easily implemented in real-time thanks to the simplicity of closed-form solutions.

Multi-Objective Sizing of Solar-Wind-Hydro Hybrid Power System with Doubled Energy Storages Under Optimal Coordinated Operational Strategy

More and more attention has been paid to the high penetration of renewable energy in recent years.The randomness and intermittency of solar and wind energy make it an inevitable trend that renewables are coupled with energy storage technologies.Pumped hydro storage(PHS)is the most widelyused storage form in the power grid but the capacity is limited by geographic conditions.The concentrated solar power(CSP)plant with a thermal energy storage(TES)system can realize easier grid connections and effective peak shaving.Therefore,this paper proposes a solar-wind-hydro hybrid power system with PHS-TES double energy storages,and investigates the optimal coordinated operational strategy and multi-objective sizing.The optimal sizing problem which considers the minimum levelized cost of energy(LCOE)and loss of power supply probability(LPSP)as objectives is solved by multi-objective particle swarm optimization.Moreover,the seasonal uncertainties of renewables are considered by applying a scenario-based analysis using Kmeans clustering.Finally,a case study reveals the effectiveness of the coordinated operational strategy and double energy storages from the perspectives of economy and reliability.The comparisons of optimal sizing results show that the PV-WindCSP-PHS system decreases the LCOE by 19.1%compared to a PV-Wind-CSP system under the same LPSP,and reduces the LPSP compared to PV-Wind-PHS systems with limited reservoir capacity,which indicates that the proposed system with double energy storages has better economy and reliability performance compared to single storage.

针对温控负载变化的虚拟电厂控制策略研究

温控负载是一种变化剧烈、波动频繁、高峰负荷比例较高的负载,对电网的安全产生了极大的影响。为了应对这一问题,系统的输出功率往往会超过90%负荷最大值的调峰限制。针对虚拟电厂(VPP)系统内的超限过程进行了研究,并提出了2种控制策略,以降低超限总电量或者利用超限电量的同时获取收益。在验证策略的控制效果时,选取了2种由温控负载引起的功率需求的典型变化。研究结果表明,温控负载引起的功率需求峰值的变化对策略具有重要影响。在安全模式下,超限比例与峰值的增加呈反比,而与平均功率的增加呈正比;在收益模式下,峰值变化会影响储能放电过程,平均功率变化则会影响储能充电过程。随着功率需求的增加,收益逐渐减小,收益范围为3.62万~3.25万元。

级联型混合直流与UPFC的柔性潮流协调控制策略

级联型混合直流输电系统具有能抑制换相失败、传输大容量功率的优势。但当级联型混合直流低端模块化多电平换流器(MMC)采用主从控制时,若系统发生交直流故障或负荷突增,可能会产生电流不平衡问题,导致受端交流侧功率出现大范围反向传输及电压支撑能力下降。为解决该问题并增强受端电网的稳定性,针对级联型混合直流输电系统,提出一种基于统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的柔性潮流协调控制策略。研究了基于柔性交流输电(FACTS)设备统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的级联型混合直流系统柔性潮流控制特性,针对系统故障及大扰动时出现的功率返送及电压稳定性问题,提出基于UPFC的频率支撑策略和基于动态限幅的电压支撑策略。该策略将送端侧故障带来的功率扰动转移到受端交流系统UPFC所在线路,利用UPFC功率补偿能力进行协调,同时基于动态限幅控制策略,采用无功优先控制方式提高换流站无功输出能力。最后,在PSCAD–EMTDC平台搭建了含受端交流系统的级联型混合直流输电系统模型。首先,仿真了LCC直流电流指令值下降过程,结果表明,本文所提基于UPFC的协调控制策略可以有效地减小交流系统频率波动,抑制功率返送现象;其次,仿真了系统负荷突增过程,验证了动态限幅控制策略能更好地提升MMC对交流系统的电压支撑能力;最后,仿真了连锁故障过程,结果表明,所提协调控制策略能有效地实现对系统频率和电压支撑,抑制功率波动,提高了级联型混合直流系统及受端电网的稳定性。因此,本文提出的级联型混合直流与UPFC的柔性潮流协调控制策略具有有效性和可行性。

面向大容量风电并网的VSC-MTDC功率协调控制

基于电压源换流站的多端直流输电(VSC-MTDC)已成为大容量风电远距离传输并网的首要选择。针对含大规模风电场的VSC-MTDC系统的功率协调控制策略进行了深入研究。首先,分析大规模风电并网时下垂系数对有功功率分配的影响,指出采用固定下垂系数存在优先级电网功率缺额的可能性和缺乏有功功率分配灵活性等问题。然后,针对此类问题,提出一种基于主从控制与自适应下垂控制相结合的功率协调控制策略,该策略根据风电功率情况制定3种控制模式,从而实现风电功率灵活分配。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink上构建了风电并网的四端柔性直流输电系统,仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。

混合三端直流输电系统受端交流故障穿越协调控制策略

以乌东德电站送电广东广西特高压多端柔性直流示范工程为研究对象,考虑混合三端柔性直流输电系统因受端不同位置交流故障所致的直流过电压,提出相应的故障穿越协调控制策略。在受端主站发生网侧交流瞬时故障的情形下,通过设计混合型模块化多电平电压源换流器全桥子模块自适应负投入策略,实现了利用子模块电容短时过电压储能的能力来快速补偿站间直流电压的上升;短暂时延后,送端电网换相换流器通过定量调整电流指令值策略来减小子模块的不平衡充电功率。在受端主站发生阀侧交流故障的情形下,优先利用输电健全极的功率转代裕度来消纳故障极的部分不平衡功率;同时,故障极从站跟随主站半压运行,相应的高低压阀组切换至定电流及定电压模式,最终实现抑制站间过电流及减小盈余功率。仿真结果表明,2种故障条件下,所提的协调控制策略均可较快实现故障期间的功率平衡,有效抑制仅配备稳态基本协调控制策略下系统所出现的直流过电压现象,同时也基本维持了送端的总体有功传输容量。

全功率变速抽水蓄能机组控制策略与调节特性

全功率变速抽水蓄能机组协调控制中通常采用变流器控制机组功率、调速器控制机组频率(转速)的快速功率控制,其忽视了对机组频率安全与效率的影响,且控制模式单一。分析了机组多控制模式振荡特性和功频响应特性,提出了机组发电工况快速频率控制与快速功率控制相结合的协调控制策略,以及水泵工况定导叶开度变转速控制策略。设计了常规试验与性能优化试验结合的变速工况调试方法并应用于我国第一台全功率变速抽水蓄能机组启动调试中,验证了控制策略和调试方法的有效性。现场测试结果表明,调速器和变流器控制不协调易引发机组振荡,采取所提协调策略后机组安全高效运行,且具备百毫秒级的有功、无功快速调节能力。

数字化技术在地籍测绘中的优势与应用策略研究

地籍测绘是土地资源管理工作中非常重要的一个组成部分,主要是对土地位置、形状、面积等基本信息的精确测量和记录。近几年来,在科学技术发展水平不断提高的形势下,数字化技术在地籍测绘中的应用也越来越广泛。与其他技术相比,数字化测绘技术的应用,不仅使得地籍测绘的效率和精度得到明显的提高,还为土地资源的合理利用和规划提供强有力的支持。该文重点针对数字化技术在地籍测绘中的优势与应用策略进行详细分析。

多端口能量路由器协调控制策略研究

多端口能量路由器可使多种综合能源、多个功能单元通过公共耦合点接入系统,多端口能量路由器中接入的能源各具特色,提高了系统的难度。提出了一种四端口能量路由器,包含了2个光伏发电单元、1个储能装置单元以及一个并网接口单元,该能量路由器适用于家庭负荷。为实现该能量路由器稳定运行,还提出了结合主从控制策略与分层控制策略优点的协调控制策略。为了验证该能量路由器的协调控制策略,利用仿真软件平台Matlab/Simulink搭建了仿真模型,仿真结果表明了该多端口能量路由器与协调控制策略具有可行性。

配电网电源系统中的故障诊断与智能恢复策略研究

随着电力系统的不断发展,配电网电源系统作为电力供应链的重要组成部分,其稳定运行对于保障电力系统的可靠性具有重要意义。文章旨在研究配电网电源系统中的故障诊断与智能恢复策略,为配电网电源系统的安全、高效运行提供坚实的技术支撑。通过系统剖析配电网电源系统的组成结构、常见故障类型及其原因、先进的故障诊断技术等内容,为提高系统运行的稳健性和智能化水平提供技术支持。同时,重点关注智能恢复策略的协调控制、故障隔离和系统重构等核心内容,并通过案例分析评估了这些策略在实际应用中的效果。

Multi-objective Coordination Control of Distributed Power Flow Controller

In this paper,distributed power flow controller(DPFC)constraints are analyzed.The energy balance relationship between fundamental wave and third harmonic in series and shunt-side converter is deduced.A proportional integral(PI)controller of the DPFC is constructed.The PI controller uses the voltage amplitude and phase angle injected into the system in the series side,along with the modulation ratio of the three-phase converter on the shunt side as the control variables.A multiobjective coordinated control equation is proposed,which factors the constraints of the energy balance between series and shunt side,device capacity limit,safe operation limit,fundamental component,as well as third harmonic component of the injection voltage at the series side.The equation minimizes the variance between the actual value of the control target and its given value to ensure that the DC capacitor voltage,both in the series and shunt side,is stable at target value.Simulations are conducted to verify correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Coordination of multiple mobile robots with limited communication range in pursuit of single mobile target in cluttered environment

This paper addresses the problem of coordinating multiple mobile robots in searching for and capturing a mobile target,with the aim of reducing the capture time.Compared with the previous algorithms,we assume that the target can be detected by any robot and captured successfully by two or more robots.In this paper,we assume that each robot has a limited communication range.We maintain the robots within a mobile network to guarantee the successful capture.In addition,the motion of the target is modeled and incorporated into directing the motion of the robots to reduce the capture time.A coordination algorithm considering both aspects is proposed.This algorithm can greatly reduce the expected time of capturing the mobile target.Finally,we validate the algorithm by the simulations and experiments.

电动汽车电-液复合制动协调控制方法

在电动汽车的复合制动系统中,由于电机制动系统与液压制动系统具有响应差异性的特点,所以复合制动系统中的电机与液压协调控制是整车制动过程中的舒适性的关键性问题。对此,提出了一种复合制动协调控制策略,包含补偿算法模块和切换算法模块。补偿算法模块在电制动状态刚介入电-液复合制动状态时,利用电机制动扭矩补偿具有迟滞性的和响应慢的液压制动系统,保证驾驶员制动感觉的一致性。切换算法模块在电机制动系统与液压制动系统相互切换时,利用模糊PID控制算法对电机制动力进行修正,减小电机制动系统与液压制动系统响应差异性带来的冲击度问题,改善驾驶员制动时的舒适性。利用AMESim、CarSim和Simulink建立联合仿真平台,对几种典型工况进行仿真验证,结果表明,在制动过程中协调控制策略能够保证制动初始时制动感觉一致,在不同切换状态下,减小制动冲击度,提高了驾驶舒适性。

多分区异步互联电网的直流频率限制器协调控制策略研究

大型同步电网异步分区运行是构建新型电力系统发展的重要探索方向,直流频率限制器(frequency limit control,FLC)在保障弱系统的频率稳定方面发挥着重要作用。在广东东西组团构网结构下,系统故障可能导致广东东西分片运行,出现多分区异步互联的网架形态,原有的仅送端弱系统配置单侧FLC的策略难以适应电网发展需要。针对弱送端、弱受端共存的特性,该文提出双侧FLC的数学模型,在不同场景下详细分析其控制特性。在此基础上,建立了一套面向多分区异步互联电网的FLC协调控制策略。通过广东东西异步运行后的典型方式和故障校核,验证了双侧FLC的功率支援效果以及所述协调控制策略的合理性。

基于车路协同的智能交通信号灯优化控制策略

交通拥堵、交通事故、公共交通不便及空气污染等已成为制约城市交通发展的主要因素,解决城市交通问题已成为智能城市建设的首要任务。利用车路协同技术搭建车辆和信号灯之间的通信通道,及时收集车辆的实时状态、位置信息、道路的拥堵情况和交通流量等信息,通过车辆和道路设施之间的信息交互系统实现自适应的交通信号控制,达到信号灯的精细化控制和智能化管理。基于车路协同的智能信号灯优化控制策略是一种新型的交通信号控制策略,通过实时采集车辆信息、实时监测交通流和调整信号灯,达到交通信号灯优化控制,对全面提高城市交通效率、安全性和环保性,解决城市交通拥堵等问题具有很好的针对性。

储能系统直流侧纹波电流对锂离子电池寿命影响分析及优化控制策略

针对储能系统直流侧纹波电流对磷酸铁锂电池寿命影响问题,通过分析磷酸铁锂电池寿命模型的变化机理和规律,发现纹波电流下影响磷酸铁锂电池寿命的关键因素是电池充放电状态期间的电流平均值而非电流有效值,电池充放电状态期间电流的平均值越大,电池老化程度越快,并通过设计仿真以及实验验证了所发现的规律。基于该规律可优化储能系统安全经济运行的控制策略,在电网不平衡时采取抑制交流侧功率波动而放宽直流侧功率波动的控制策略,并在光储系统恒定有功功率并网时,基于电池老化特性曲线和储能系统并网谐波含量符合要求下,提出了一种延长储能电池使用寿命的多储能变流器协调控制策略,与传统控制策略相比,可减缓电池老化速度的19.8%。