A New Device for Gas-Liquid Flow Measurements Relying on Forced Annular Flow

A new measurement device,consisting of swirling blades and capsule-shaped throttling elements,is proposed in this study to eliminate typical measurement errors caused by complex flow patterns in gas-liquid flow.The swirling blades are used to transform the complex flow pattern into a forced annular flow.Drawing on the research of existing blockage flow meters and also exploiting the single-phase flow measurement theory,a formula is introduced to measure the phase-separated flow of gas and liquid.The formula requires the pressure ratio,Lockhart-Martinelli number(L-M number),and the gas phase Froude number.The unknown parameters appearing in the formula are fitted through numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),which involves a comprehensive analysis of the flow field inside the device from multiple perspectives,and takes into account the influence of pressure fluctuations.Finally,the measurement model is validated through an experimental error analysis.The results demonstrate that the measurement error can be maintained within±8%for various flow patterns,including stratified flow,bubble flow,and wave flow.

Advanced flow measurement and active flow control of aircraft with MEMS

Advanced flow measurement and active flow control need the development of new type devices and systems.Micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) technologies become the important and feasible approach for micro transducers fabrication.This paper introduces research works of MEMS/NEMS Lab in flow measurement sensors and active flow control actuators.Micro sensors include the flexible thermal sensor array,capacitive shear stress sensor and high sensitivity pressure sensor.Micro actuators are the balloon actuator and synthetic jet actuator respectively.Through wind tunnel test,these micro transducers achieve the goals of shear stress and pressure distribution measurement,boundary layer separation control,lift enhancement,etc.And unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) flight test verifies the ability of maneuver control of micro actuator.In the future work,micro sensor and actuator can be combined into a closed-loop control system to construct aerodynamic smart skin system for aircraft.

Graft Quality Control with the Traditional Roller Pump Flow Measurement in Comparison to the Transit-Time Flow Measurement

Objective: Vein graft quality control had been traditionally done for more than 20 years with a roller-pump flow measurement (RPFM) in our institute until off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was introduced as the standard technique of myocardial revascularization in the year 2009 in our institute. In this study, the RPFM method was compared with the Transit-time flow measurement (TTFM). Patients and Methods: From February to September 2005, 31 patients (5 females) undergoing CABG in our institute were included into the study. All the patients were operated with cardiopulmonary bypass. In those patients, 27 distal anastomoses were done with the left internal thoracic artery and 99 anastomoses were done with vein grafts. Those 99 vein graft were assessed both, with the RPFM method and TTFM method. Results: CABG could be safely performed in all cases. In all target vessels, the RPFM method overestimated bypass flow compared to the TTFM method, and simple linear regression revealed no correlation between the TTFM measurement and the RPFM measurement (r = 0.08, p = 0.21). There were two cases in which a graft problem could be detected only with TTFM method, even in our small patient cohort. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the TTFM method is clearly superior to the traditional RPFM method and we believe now that TTFM should be performed routinely in all CABG to improve patient care and quality of surgical results.

Problems in Water Environmental Control—Sense and Nonsense in Measurement of Water Protection

Water environmental control and process refinement inside a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is fundamentally based on sampling, analysis and on-line measurements on water and sludge streams. The problems related to an accurate and reliable control and thus an efficient water protection are addressed in the following. Four different crucial points whenever a sampling and control scheme is planned: 1) Where should a sampling and on-line measurement take place? 2) When should sampling take place? 3) How should the sampling and on-line measurement take place? 4) Which variables should be controlled? Examples are given from different plants demonstrating ways to address the questions. Especially the relevance of the adopted parameter BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is discussed. It is finally suggested to even abandon the use of BOD as consent variable in favor of on-line measurement of Suspended Solids, Nitrogen and Phosphorous.

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

Soil and water loss in the Lancang River-Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) and its control measures

According to a lot of hydrological and environmental monitoring data, the condition of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is described. The occurrence and development of soil and water loss is analyzed. The conclusion is that: (1) generally, the situation of soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) is light, however, soil and water loss in some regions is serious, especially in the middle reach area of the river; (2) soil and water loss in the Lancang River Mekong River (in Yunnan section, China) watershed presents developing tendency and it is mainly caused by human beings. In accordance with these results, the control measures for soil and water loss are discussed.

An adjacent-effects resistant damper integrating control and measurement functions for duct systems

To ensure a comfortable building environment necessitates accurate measurement and control of air volume within duct systems to meet predetermined requirements for each area.Traditional eccentric torque dampers’measurement accuracy may be compromised by adjacent effects from local components,resulting in significant measurement errors.To solve this problem,the study combines CFD numerical simulation and full-scale experimental validation to derive a formula for controlling air volume within the dampers under operational condition.Based on the formula,a novel torque damper is developed,capable of effectively controlling and accurately measuring air volume in duct systems.By linking the two blades,the damper resists the adjacent effects of local components(elbow,variable diameter,tee)on air volume measurements without the need for additional devices,ensuring a measurement error within±5.5%.Additionally,the novel dampers have lower resistance compared to traditional dampers.This paper provides a reference for accurately measuring and effectively controlling air volume,while also maximizing the potential benefits of multi-leaf dampers.

陶瓷膜过滤系统盐水流量异常分析及控制措施

分析了采卤装置陶瓷膜精制一次盐水系统中盐水流量异常波动的原因,并制定相应的控制措施,提高了陶瓷膜系统的运行稳定性。

矿井带式输送机火灾烟流特性及其预警防控综述

为有效防控煤矿井下带式输送机火灾事故,保障煤矿工作人员的生命财产安全,系统分析矿井带式输送机火灾的起火原因、燃烧特性、烟流特性、监测预警技术及防治措施,并基于当前研究现状提出展望。结果表明:引发带式输送机火灾的主要原因是摩擦温升、电气设备故障及明火;研究带式输送机火灾燃烧和烟流特性采用的巷道火灾模型及数值模拟相关参数具有一定局限性,需综合考虑运输巷道实际工况及环境等参数;国内虽有针对带式输送机火灾的监测预警系统,但其尚有不足,需引入5G、大数据及人工智能等新兴技术予以完善,并结合硬件探测及人员管理等方面,健全煤矿带式输送机火灾防治体系,进而全面推动煤矿安全智能化建设。

24GHz频段微波雷达测流装置的设计与实现

设计了一种基于24GHz频段的微波雷达流速测量装置。该装置利用微波多普勒效应原理,发射并接收反射回来的微波信号,通过算法调优计算出水体表面的流速。实验结果表明,该装置具有非接触、高精度、实时性强等特点,适用于多种复杂环境下的流速测量。

新疆阜康抽水蓄能电站库区泥石流危险性评价与防治措施

根据新疆阜康抽蓄库区泥石流形成条件及发育特征,通过现场调查、遥感解译、现场试验等方法确定了影响较大的4条沟谷泥石流静力、动力特征值,选取泥石流多因子综合模型评价了泥石流的危险性,并从两方面分析了泥石流对工程安全的影响,提出了“稳坡、拦挡、停淤”的综合防治体系。结果表明:西岔沟泥石流危险度最大,值为0.43,属于中度危险;库区泥石流沟的影响主要表现为淤泥作用和冲击作用;“稳、拦、停”的立体综合防治体系具有良好的防治效果,值得推广采用。

基于PLC的自动测流机器人系统设计

针对当前河道测流存在的效率和自动化程度较低、测量模式单一等问题,提出了一套基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的河道自动测流机器人系统设计与实现方案。该机器人系统由运动系统、采集系统、人机交互以及远程通信四大模块组成。首先,设计了自动测流机器人系统的硬件结构,实现了自动测流机器人在河流轨道上运动、铅鱼收放等功能。然后,开发了基于PLC的测控系统,设计了PLC梯形图和硬件连接方案,实现了自动测流机器人运动控制。最后,自动测流机器人系统通过RS-485通信协议将多传感器采集的数据传输到操控屏,结合4G远程技术,实现了采集数据和操作指令的远程传输。通过现场模拟的采集测试,该机器人系统可实现自动测流、远程操控、故障自检等功能,并提供多种测量模式,满足河道测流的使用需求。该系统的设计为开展智能化河流数据采集的研究奠定了基础。

基于风流运动的粉尘运移研究进展及趋势

矿井机械化、智能化水平提升所导致的粉尘问题愈发严重,探究风流-粉尘运移规律,掌握工作面风流、粉尘的运动特征,对改进工作面控尘措施,改善井下作业环境,加速实现绿色矿山目标具有重要意义。通过查阅国内外文献资料,调研相关研究进展与实践经验,从粉尘受力运动原理、相似实验设计、数值模拟研究、组合方法效果评估等方面,研究当前风流场及其对粉尘分布的影响,认为当前存在风流场与粉尘之间相互作用复杂,粉尘受力运动机理与运动路径研究不透彻,不同因素组合作用与粉尘运移规律关系不明朗等问题。从提高规律向实用性和普遍性转变的角度,提出风流-粉尘运移规律的研究重点应向明晰粉尘运移受力机理和作用力协同机制、建立多参数表征运移规律、提升监测仪器精密度、减弱次要因素对相似实验结果影响程度、增强对风流场和粉尘运移力学特征的认知、明朗影响因素间的耦合关系、构建适用于气-固两相流的数学模型及完善颗粒运动扩散方程8个方面转变。

川西北某泥石流沟发育特征及易发性评价

川西北某泥石流沟位于汶川“5.12”8级地震中心影响区域岷江河谷,该区域地质构造复杂,新构造运动强烈,强震频发,加之受岷江河谷深切,地形陡峻,出露地层以软质岩为主,沟道及两侧物源十分丰富,强降雨条件下易引发泥石流灾害。通过收集区域地质资料、遥感解译、现场地质勘察和力学计算等方法相结合,从地形、物源和水动力条件等方面,研究了该区域某泥石流沟的发育特征并开展易发性评价,提出了相应的工程防治对策。研究结果表明:(1)川西北某泥石流沟为暴雨崩滑沟谷型泥石流,泥石流沟流域面积20.8 km^(2),固体物质总储量约258.9×10^(4) m^(3),可能的动储量约64.5×10^(4) m^(3);(2)100年一遇的泥石流重度为1.74 t/m^(3),平均流速为5.12 m/s,最大峰值流量为535.4 m^(3)/s,泥石流最大冲起高度为1.34 m,预测100年一遇的泥石流淤积厚度为4.8 m,具有中度易发性风险;(3)针对工程区的泥石流发育特征及易发性程度,建议以桥梁工程形式并留足净空通过泥石流沟,提出了泥石流防治对策与建议。研究成果对川西北山区铁路勘察设计和施工建设具有一定借鉴价值。

基于PLC及数据库运算的松套管纤膏流量计量控制系统

纤膏总量是材料成本的分析依据之一。为节支降本、精确制造,研发纤膏流量计量控制系统监测并控制纤膏输出的实时流量,保证产品质量。纤膏流量在线监测系统采用夹钳式流量传感器,监测流量时间和流速,配套软件通信,实现生产过程纤膏瞬时流量和累积流量的实时采集与计算,提升纤膏利用率。结果表明,基于流量在线计量控制,当正常生产中无纤膏时系统可实时报警并记录缺陷位置;通过基础数据采集及运算,可实现纤膏流量闭环控制,降低了纤膏单耗,节省了原材料的用量;通过生产管理系统与控制系统连通,实现了数据应用分析。

烟草制丝工艺质量影响因素及控制措施分析

烟草制丝作为卷烟生产的关键环节,直接影响到整个产品的质量,由于制丝产线工艺流程复杂,影响因素较多,为进一步保障烟草制丝的工艺质量,从水分控制、温度控制、流量控制、组分控制四个因素阐述其对烟草制丝工艺质量的影响,并结合卷烟工艺控制要求重点探析了如何对影响因素采取控制措施,旨在保障卷烟产品在制丝过程中的工艺质量。

测控一体化闸门闸前流态与测量准确度试验研究

【目的】探究进水口流态变化对箱涵式测控一体化闸门测量准确度的影响规律。【方法】以灌区常用规格600mm×600 mm测流箱为试验对象,在室内试验基地布设扰动设施开展了98组模型试验,研究水流对称性、闸门开度、水位变化对闸前流态、设备测量准确度的影响。【结果】(1)不同工况下测流箱前漩涡的强度、发生频率、持续时间各不相同;当测流箱为非淹没状态,漩涡多为表面凹陷涡,对测量准确度影响不显著;当测流箱为淹没状态时,且淹没水深>20 cm后,漩涡强度随淹没深度增加而减弱,当淹没深度<20 cm时,漩涡强度最大,出现贯通式漩涡强度频率明显增大,此时设备测量误差显著增大;(2)进水口流态的对称性是影响漩涡产生的主要因素之一,当进水口流态为非对称流时,测流箱内极易出现吸气漩涡,测量误差显著增大,最大误差约为22.58%。【结论】调整测箱淹没深度、闸门开度、进水口水流对称性等因素,可有效降低测流箱周围漩涡强度,提升设备测量准确度。

北天山干线泥石流发育特征与防治措施研究

北天山干线穿越多种地貌类型、地质构造复杂、灾害种类及数量均偏多,制约着新疆地区公路、铁路等基础建设的发展。以北天山G577线精河至伊宁县公路沿线泥石流为研究对象,对泥石流的发育特征、防治措施、选线及通过形式进行系统研究,提出北天山干线泥石流避让方式及防治措施。

鄱阳湖防洪圩堤坝潜在破坏风险及治理方案研究

本文围绕鄱阳湖经济区防洪圩堤的安全保障问题展开研究,详细分析了防洪圩堤坝的潜在破坏风险,包括流土破坏、管涌破坏和脱坡破坏等,并提出了判别这些潜在破坏风险的方法,深入探讨了除险加固方案。研究结果表明,采用复合土工膜、斜墙、透水戗台和心墙等加固措施,结合适当的防渗措施,可以有效提高防洪圩堤的安全性和稳定性。本文的研究对于指导鄱阳湖经济区防洪圩堤的加固工作,保障湖区百姓生命财产安全具有重要的理论和实践价值。

基于水模拟的控流装置对双流板坯中间包流场的影响

采用水模拟方法研究了不同控流装置对某钢厂78 t大型双流对称中间包的流场的影响。在1∶4几何比例水模型中,运用粒子图像测速(PIV)、流场示踪剂和RTD曲线等方法从不同的角度研究了有无坝孔、坝与长水口间距、堰与长水口间距、湍流抑制器高度、堰距中间包底部距离和坝高度对中间包内钢液流场的影响。结果表明,随着湍流抑制器高度加大,堰距中间包底部距离减小,中间包钢液平均停留时间显著增加,死区体积分数显著减小。另外,无孔坝可有效抑制短路流的发展,延长钢液的流动距离,增加平均停留时间;增大坝与长水口的间距,平均停留时间先增大后减小;增大堰与长水口的间距,通过坝孔直接流向出钢口的短路流得到发展,平均停留时间呈减小趋势。