Geometric Error Identification of Gantry-Type CNC Machine Tool Based on Multi-Station Synchronization Laser Tracers

Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracers to enable the rapid and high-precision measurement of geometric errors for gantry-type computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.This method also improves on the existing measurement efficiency issues in the single-base station measurement method and multi-base station time-sharing measurement method.We consider a three-axis gantry-type CNC machine tool,and the geometric error mathematical model is derived and established based on the combination of screw theory and a topological analysis of the machine kinematic chain.The four-station laser tracers position and measurement points are realized based on the multi-point positioning principle.A self-calibration algorithm is proposed for the coordinate calibration process of a laser tracer using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method,and the geometric error is solved using Taylor’s first-order linearization iteration.The experimental results show that the geometric error calculated based on this modeling method is comparable to the results from the Etalon laser tracer.For a volume of 800 mm×1000 mm×350 mm,the maximum differences of the linear,angular,and spatial position errors were 2.0μm,2.7μrad,and 12.0μm,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.This research proposes a modeling method for the precise measurement of errors in machine tools,and the applied nature of this study also makes it relevant both to researchers and those in the industrial sector.

Coordinated control strategy for a PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator

Due to the characteristics of intermittent photovoltaic power generation and power fluctuations in distributed photovoltaic power generation,photovoltaic grid-connected systems are usually equipped with energy storage units.Most of the structures combined with energy storage are used as the DC side.At the same time,virtual synchronous generators have been widely used in distributed power generation due to their inertial damping and frequency and voltage regulation.For the PV-storage grid-connected system based on virtual synchronous generators,the existing control strategy has unclear function allocation,fluctuations in photovoltaic inverter output power,and high requirements for coordinated control of PV arrays,energy storage units,and photovoltaic inverters,which make the control strategy more complicated.In order to solve the above problems,a control strategy for PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator is proposed.In this strategy,the energy storage unit implements maximum power point tracking,and the photovoltaic inverter implements a virtual synchronous generator algorithm,so that the functions implemented by each part of the system are clear,which reduces the requirements for coordinated control.At the same time,the smooth power command is used to suppress the fluctuation of the output power of the photovoltaic inverter.The simulation validates the effectiveness of the proposed method from three aspects:grid-connected operating conditions,frequency-modulated operating conditions,and illumination sudden-drop operating condition.Compared with the existing control strategies,the proposed method simplifies the control strategies and stabilizes the photovoltaic inverter fluctuation in the output power of the inverter.

Control of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Frequency Regulation Using a Coordinated Self-adaptive Method

Power inverter adopting virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control can provide inertia support for distributed generation systems.However,it cannot take into account the dynamic regulation characteristics of frequency.Thus,when the system encounters a sudden change in load or disturbance,the dynamic process of frequency regulation will be greatly influenced.In view of this issue,an improved VSG control strategy based on a coordinated self-adaptive(CSA)method is proposed.The time domain analysis method is used to study the influences of virtual inertia and damping parameter perturbation on the system steady and dynamic performances.Furthermore,in order to make the control strategy suitable for large load changes and suppress frequency variations beyond the limit,the secondary frequency modulation is introduced into the control loop.Through the coordinated adaptive control of virtual inertia,virtual damping and frequency modulation,the dynamic performance of vSG frequency regulation can be obviously improved.Simulation and experiment results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed CSA control strategy.

Synchronization of networked multibody systems using fundamental equation of mechanics

From the analytical dynamics point of view, this paper develops an optimal control framework to synchronize networked multibody systems using the fundamental equation of mechanics. A novel robust control law derived from the framework is then used to achieve complete synchronization of networked identical or non-identical multibody systems formulated with Lagrangian dynamics. A distinctive feature of the developed control strategy is the introduction of network structures into the control requirement. The control law consists of two components, the first describing the architecture of the network and the second denoting an active feedback control strategy. A corresponding stability analysis is performed by the algebraic graph theory. A representative network composed of ten identical or non-identical gyroscopes is used as an illustrative example. Numerical simulation of the systems with three kinds of network structures, including global coupling, nearest-neighbour, and small-world networks, is given to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.

Disturbance observer based finite-time coordinated attitude tracking control for spacecraft on SO(3)

To solve the problem of attitude synchronization control for spacecraft formation flying(SFF)suffering from external disturbances under a directed communication topology,a sliding mode disturbance observer(SMDO)based on the finite-time control strategy is developed to observe the time-varying external disturbance via estimating the upper bound of its first derivative.Meanwhile,the rotation matrix is employed to describe the attitude of SFF for the purpose of the avoidance of singularity and unwinding phenomenon.As for the attitude synchronization and the tracking control architecture,a sliding mode surface(SMS)is given such that the control objective can be achieved.The effectiveness and the validity of the proposed method are elaborated via theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

静止坐标系下无电网电压传感器虚拟同步机控制策略

针对采用虚拟磁链算法的无电网电压传感器存在的直流偏移等问题,提出基于一阶低通滤波器和高通滤波器串联结构的改进磁链观测器,利用改进的磁链观测器得出虚拟磁链,提高了观测的精度。在得到虚拟磁链的基础上,针对不同电网频率运行条件,利用锁相环思想提出电网角频率的计算结构,并由虚拟出的磁链与电压的关系来重构电网电压。此外,将所提无电网电压传感器策略应用于网侧变流器系统中,在两相静止坐标系下设计虚拟同步控制结构,相比于旋转坐标系,可省去控制内环的解耦环节,同时还能简化坐标变换环节,避免了因坐标变换中角度不准而引入的不稳定因素。最后,通过仿真与实验验证所提控制策略与磁链观测器的有效性与可靠性。

多换流器直流系统的虚拟惯性评估与控制参数协调设计

针对基于类虚拟同步发电机(AVSG)的多换流器直流系统遇到的非预期虚拟惯性问题,提出了一种多换流器直流系统虚拟惯性通用分析方法,有效修正了系统级等效AVSG外特性。首先,将多个AVSG控制回路等效为一个等值AVSG控制回路,建立了直流系统的等值单台AVSG模型。其次,提出了一种系统级虚拟惯性评估方法,从等值单台AVSG模型的输出阻抗频域响应特性角度对系统级虚拟惯性进行评估。然后,讨论了电压比例-积分(PI)控制参数对虚拟惯性特性的影响,并开展了电压PI控制参数和虚拟惯性系数间的协调设计。最后,在PLECS仿真软件及RT-BOX硬件在环实验平台上搭建了多换流器直流系统的开关模型,通过多种实验工况验证了等值单台AVSG模型和控制参数协调设计的有效性和可行性。

基于集群动态划分的配电网无功电压自律-协同控制

针对高渗透率分布式光伏接入配电网导致的电压越限问题,以及传统集中式控制面临的通信延时、计算量大与控制设备过多等问题,提出一种基于集群动态划分的配电网无功电压自律-协同控制方法。首先,建立日前集中式无功电压优化模型,安排离散无功补偿设备投退计划,日内调度以节点电压偏差最小为目标建立日内无功电压滚动优化模型,结合同步型交替方向乘子法实现各集群间的分布式协调控制;然后,通过群内本地电压实时控制抑制群内节点电压的波动;最终,以改进的IEEE 33节点系统及某地实际60节点配电网为例,验证了该方法的正确性与有效性。

基于变下垂系数的风电全直流输电系统一次调频协调控制策略

风电场经直流汇集-直流送出的风电全直流输电系统中,直流系统的存在会解耦风电场和受端电网的频率耦合,在传统控制策略下对受端电网频率支撑能力弱。为此,提出一种针对风电全直流输电系统的一次调频变下垂协调控制策略。首先,提出基于Logistic函数的电压-频率变下垂频率传递策略,以直流系统电压为媒介,建立起电网频率与风电场功率的耦合关系。基于该频率传递策略,构建了由受端换流站的变下垂虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)控制、直流升压站的改进双闭环控制及风力发电机的变下垂减载控制组成的风电全直流输电系统一次调频协调控制策略,实现系统无通信传递频率并参与电网一次调频。最后,利用Matlab/Simulink软件搭建风电全直流输电系统仿真模型,在不同工况下进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能使风电场在不依赖远端通信的情况下实现对电网的一次调频,同时,有效减小了调频过程中直流电压的波动幅度。

构网型逆变器与SVG并联系统无功功率协调控制策略

以静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)为例,针对构网型逆变器和SVG并联系统的电压稳定性问题,提出构网型逆变器与SVG并联系统无功功率协调控制策略。将并联系统的运行状态总结为四种工况,通过工况识别、无功补偿量计算、无功功率分配策略、工况切换,来协调不同工况下构网型逆变器与SVG注入公共耦合点的无功功率,使并联系统在各种情况下均可稳定可靠工作。在MATLAB中搭建模型并进行仿真,结果表明所提控制策略可以实现工况的快速识别与切换、无功补偿量的计算、无功功率的分配,以及对公共耦合点电压的快速支撑。

基于高频方波注入的永磁同步电机控制优化

提出一种利用高频正交方波电压注入静止坐标系的内置式永磁同步电动机无传感器控制的新方案。该方法是对传统高频旋转正弦电压注入法的改进,通过离散高频电流来建立整个信号过程。提出了一种不含低通滤波器的位置估计方法,并减小了高通滤波器引起的相移。该无传感器控制方法受到数字滤波器的不利影响会减少,可以解决当前基于静止坐标系的注入方法的常见缺点。

风能接入电机气隙磁链定向矢量控制技术

风能是中国最具潜力的可再生能源之一,而影响风能转化应用的主要因素是风力发电机的控制方法及特性。针对风能转化应用过程中遇到的风力发电机控制方法难以实现对风能的有效捕获问题,提出一种基于气隙磁链定向的矢量控制技术,通过6s/2r矢量变换得到旋转坐标系下电机的数学模型;对气隙磁链定向矢量控制技术进行研究,设计电机电流电压混合磁链观测模型,实现对电机转矩与磁通的独立控制;以双Y移30°六相同步电机为例进行仿真分析。结果表明:所提技术在电机空载启动与突加负载时具有较好的稳态性能和动态性能,解决多相电机控制的非线性和耦合性,提高模型的通用性和快速性。

多传感器融合的无人车自主定位实验研究

为了满足机器人专业课程实验研究性教学需求,设计一个多传感器融合的无人车自主定位实验。选择智能机器人开放平台作为载体,在硬件平台上研究退化环境实验,实现3D激光惯性融合的定位与建图。在实验环节中,首先,通过惯性测量单元(IMU)获得位姿信息,通过激光雷达获得点云数据,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波处理位姿信息,并利用体素滤波处理点云数据,从而完成数据预处理;然后通过坐标转换实现激光惯性组合定位;最后在硬件平台上研究退化环境实验,实现3D激光惯性融合的定位与建图。实验结果表明,IMU测量数据有较高的准确性,而激光点云则会约束IMU的测量偏差。这种组合方式能够有效地提高同步定位与建图(SLAM)系统在复杂现实环境中的测量精度和鲁棒性,适用于无人车的自主定位。应用表明,该实验系统使学生获得了综合训练,提升了学生的综合实践创新能力和科研创新能力,并取得了良好的教学效果。

调相机交流母线电压无功双闭环控制策略及母线电容协调控制研究

针对高压换流站调相机无功补偿过程中出现的功率超调与交流母线电压大幅波动,考虑无功功率扰动的影响,提出一种交流母线电压外环、调相机无功内环的双闭环调相机先进控制方法,该控制方法在保证调相机快速响应交流母线电压波动的同时能够有效抑制无功功率超调。为了进一步抑制无功功率波动导致的高压换流站交流母线电压的大幅波动,通过电容串接吸收电阻的方式,设计一种调相机与交流母线电容无功补偿协调控制策略,提升高压换流站的稳态与动态性能。通过PSCAD软件验证了所提控制方法的正确性与有效性。

钢混组合梁斜拉平衡体系顶推施工测控技术

白沙洲快速化改造工程采用钢混组合梁斜拉平衡体系双向顶推施工方法,在施工过程中,钢梁在地面搭设支架后分节段异位拼装,支架上无操作平台,测量定位需要进行无接触测量;在顶推时,斜拉塔架和钢梁形成整体同步顶推前进,监测工作至关重要。本文依托项目,提出使用磁力棱镜代替反射片在顶推施工中进行全过程监测,通过优化坐标系统,使顶推施工过程中钢梁线形数据对比清晰、准确;通过塔梁同步顶推监测方法,对顶推过程进行实时监测,顶推后合龙精度满足规范要求。

六轴空间插补联动CNC打磨设备及其离线编程方法

研发了一款六轴空间插补联动的CNC打磨设备及其离线编程方法,该六轴CNC打磨设备通过自主的结构设计和控制系统开发,实现了笛卡尔空间坐标系插补联动,且具有姿态变换灵活、刚性及动态响应性高、速度切换快、打磨不易振刀等特点,同时结合定制开发的离线编程软件,可将新产品的调试时间缩短一半以上。

基于LKJ实时信息的检测车工电供时空同步系统设计

针对工电供检测车各类型检测数据,因时间、空间信息不统一而难以进行综合分析的问题,基于LKJ实时信息设计一种工电供时空同步系统。首先阐述该时空同步系统结构和实现原理;然后利用GPS/BDS提供的世界标准时间(UTC)信息对时钟进行校准,以实现时间同步;利用公里标获取算法计算检测车所处的精确位置;根据线路名匹配算法获取线路名,以公里标和线路名等信息组成空间同步信息;最后对工电供时空同步系统进行为期2年多的现场试用测试。试验结果表明,引入时空同步系统后,检测车的定位精度小于5m,工电供各检测系统输出的检测数据具备时间和空间位置的统一性。

Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

An Overview of Research in Distributed Attitude Coordination Control

This paper provides an overview of attitude coordination problems of multi-rigid-body with the goal of promoting research in this area. Theoretical results regarding consensus seeking with different system models, different communication topologies, different control goals and different techniques are summarized. And applications of consensus protocols to multirigid- body coordination are investigated. Finally, some future research directions and open problems are also proposed. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

五相永磁同步电机的分数阶滑模模型预测转矩控制

为了提高五相永磁同步电机控制系统的性能,本文提出了适用于五相永磁同步电机谐波子空间的目标函数构造方法。采用有限集模型预测转矩控制策略,并基于分数阶滑模变结构理论提出了不确定非线性的分数阶速度控制器。仿真结果表明:该控制方法具有减小电机转矩、磁链脉动的效果,同时也提高了空子系统跟随精度;减小了速度超调和响应时间,提高系统稳定性。采用基于分数阶滑模控制的五相永磁同步电机的有限集模型预测转矩控制优化策略具有较强的负载鲁棒性,有良好的动态性能和静态性能,优化的控制系统提高了电机的输出性能和可靠性。