New data association technique based on ACO with directional information considered

Due to the advantages of ant colony optimization （ACO） in solving complex problems, a new data association algorithm based on ACO in a cluttered environment called DACDA is proposed. In the proposed method, the concept for tour and the length of tour are redefined. Additionally, the directional information is incorporated into the proposed method because it is one of the most important factors that affects the performance of data association. Kalman filter is employed to estimate target states. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method could carry out data association in an acceptable CPU time, and the correct data association rate is higher than that obtained by the data association （DA） algorithm not combined with directional information.

Direction without speed information process in the human brain: a magnetoencephalographic study using random dots apparent motion stimulus

Apparent motion stimulus induces visual perception of smooth motion even though there is no speed information. We examined whether human brain response as measured by magnetoencephalography carries direction information in the visually presented apparent motion of a randomdot pattern in a similar manner as continuous motions that have speed and direction information. Although there was no significant effect of motion direction on the peak response latency and amplitude, mutual information entropy (IE) significantly increased after the motion onset at approximately 36 ms after the response latency in 41% of the evaluations. Detailed analysis of the data from five subjects who participated in both the present apparent motion and our previous coherent motion studies revealed that the maximum IE latency (delay) for apparent motion was significantly longer than that for coherent motion, although the mean maximum IE was the same. The results indicate that direction is represented in the response waveform evoked by apparent motion but the manner is different from that for coherent motion probably due to the distinct neural processes engaged only for the apparent motion perception. We consider that direction and speed can be processed separately in the human brain because direction information was generated without speed information for the perception of apparent motion.

Information seeking and anxiety among colonoscopy-na?ve adults: direct-to-colonoscopy vs traditional consult-first pathways

AIM To investigate the effects of direct to colonoscopy pathways on information seeking behaviors and anxiety among colonoscopy-na?ve patients.METHODS Colonoscopy-na?ve patients at two tertiary care hospitals completed a survey immediately prior to their scheduled outpatient procedure and before receiving sedation.Survey items included clinical pathway(direct or consult),procedure indication(cancer screening or symptom investigation),telephone and written contact from the physician endoscopist office,information sources,and pre-procedure anxiety.Participants reported pre-procedure anxiety using a 10 point scale anchored by "very relaxed"(1) and "very nervous"(10).At least three months following the procedure,patient medical records were reviewed to determine sedative dose,procedure indications and any adverse events.The primary comparison was between the direct and consult pathways.Given the very different implications,a secondary analysis considering the patient-reported indication for the procedure(symptoms or screening).Effects of pathway(direct vs consult) were compared both within and between the screening and symptom subgroups.RESULTS Of 409 patients who completed the survey,34% followed a direct pathway.Indications for colonoscopy were similar in each group.The majority of the participants were women(58%),married(61%),and internet users(81%).The most important information source was family physicians(Direct) and specialist physicians(Consult).Use of other information sources,including the internet(20% vs 18%) and Direct family and friends(64% vs 53%),was similar in the Direct and Consult groups,respectively.Only 31% of the 81% who were internet users accessed internet health information.Most sought fundamental information such as what a colonoscopy is or why it is done.Pre-procedure anxiety did not differ between care pathways.Those undergoing colonoscopy for symptoms reported greater anxiety [mean 5.3,95%CI: 5.0-5.7(10 point Likert scale)] than those for screening colonoscopy(4.3,95%CI: 3.9-4.7).CONCLUSION Procedure indication(cancer screening or symptom investigation) was more closely associated with information seeking behaviors and pre-procedure anxiety than care pathway.

Realization of the Function of Basic Rights to Balance Society--taking personal Information Rights as an example

The main function of basic rights is to defend against the state’s public power.the traditional theory of basic rights con-structs logic based on the dualistic framework of“state power and individual rights,”and deals with the dualistic horizontal relationship between“the state and individuals.”However,the increasing com-plexity of modern society has led to the emergence of different inter-ests and needs within society and the formation of new social powers,resulting in an unequal relationship between private subjects.In the digital era,this phenomenon has become particularly prominent,ev-idenced by the rise of data-based power and the frequent and serious intrusion of personal information by private subjects.In this context,the value of basic rights should radiate within society and function as a balancing force.taking the protection of personal information as an example,while innovating the idea of regulating society through basic rights,the state’s obligation to protect personal information should be further strengthened.Meanwhile,the direct effect of personal infor-mation rights,which are basic human rights,on the private subjects of data-based power should be established,so as to realize their function in balancing the interests of all parties in society.

Determination of Direction of Arrival of Seismic Wave by a Single Tri-axial Fiber Optic Geophone

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) geophone and a surface seismic wave-based algorithm for detecting the direction of arrival (DOA) are described. The operational principle of FBG geophone is introduced and illustrated with systematic experimental data, demonstrating an improved FBG geophone with many advantages over the conventional geophones. An innovative, robust, and simple algorithm is developed for obtaining the bearing information on the seismic events, such as people walking, or vehicles moving. Such DOA estimate is based on the interactions and projections of surface-propagating seismic waves generated by the moving personnel or vehicles with a single tri-axial seismic sensor based on FBGs. Of particular interest is the case when the distance between the source of the seismic wave and the detector is less than or comparable to one wavelength (less than 100 m), corresponding to near-field detection, where an effective method of DOA finding lacks.

Effective DOA Estimation Under Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Based on Multi-Source Information Meta Fusion

Efficiently performing high-resolution direction of arrival(DOA)estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)conditions has always been a challenge task in the literatures.Obvi-ously,in order to address this problem,the key is how to mine or reveal as much DOA related in-formation as possible from the degraded array outputs.However,it is certain that there is no per-fect solution for low SNR DOA estimation designed in the way of winner-takes-all.Therefore,this paper proposes to explore in depth the complementary DOA related information that exists in spa-tial spectrums acquired by different basic DOA estimators.Specifically,these basic spatial spec-trums are employed as the input of multi-source information fusion model.And the multi-source in-formation fusion model is composed of three heterogeneous meta learning machines,namely neural networks(NN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forests(RF).The final meta-spec-trum can be obtained by performing a final decision-making method.Experimental results illus-trate that the proposed information fusion based DOA estimation method can really make full use of the complementary information in the spatial spectrums obtained by different basic DOA estim-ators.Even under low SNR conditions,promising DOA estimation performance can be achieved.

Definitions of Natural-Language Spatial Relations: Combining Topology and Directions

Because SQL for querying data from spatial databa se s is ineffective, the query based on natural or visual language becomes an attra ctive research field gradually. However, how to define and represent natural lan guages related to spatial data are still gigantic problems. Because existing mod els of direction relations can’t describe by use of some common concepts. First of all, detailed direction relations are proposed to describe the directions re lated to the interior of spatial objects, such as "east part of a region","ea st boundary of a region", and so on. Secondly, by integrating the detailed dire ctions with exterior direction relations and topological relations, several NLSR s are defined, such as "a road goes across the east part of a lake", "a river goes along the east boundary of a province", etc. Finally, based on the NLSRs abovementioned, a natural spatial query language (NSQL) is formed to retrieve da ta from spatial databases.

Functional connectivity and information flow in cerebral motor regions of healthy people following finger movement training

BACKGROUND：Neuro-rehabilitative training has been shown to promote motor function recovery in stroke patients,although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified.OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of finger movement training on functional connectivity and information flow direction in cerebral motor areas of healthy people using electroencephalogram （EEG）.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING：A self-controlled,observational study was performed at the College of Life Science and Bioengineering,Beijing University of Technology between December 2008 and April 2009.PARTICIPANTS：Nineteen healthy adults,who seldom played musical instruments or keyboards,were included in the present study.METHODS：Specific finger movement training was performed,and all subjects were asked to separately press keys with their left or right hand fingers,according to instructions.The task comprised five sessions of test train test train-test.Thirty-six channel EEG signals were recorded in different test sessions prior to and after training.Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：The number of effective performances,correct ratio,average response time,average movement time,correlation coefficient between pairs of EEG channels,and information flow direction in motor regions were analyzed and compared between different training sessions.RESULTS：Motor function of all subjects was significantly improved in the third test comparedwith the first test （P〈 0.01）.More than 80% of connections were strengthened in the motor-related areas following two training sessions,in particular the primary motor regions under the C4 electrode.Compared to the first test,a greater amount of information flowed from the Cz and Fcz electrodes （corresponding to supplementary motor area） to the C4 electrode in the third test.CONCLUSION：Finger task training increased motor ability in subjects by strengthening connections and changing information flow in the motor areas.These results provided a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in motor rehabilitation.

Debiased conversion measurements based target tracking with direction cosine measurements

Phased array radar’s measurements include two direction cosine and range measurements,which can be obtained in the direction cosine coordinates.State equation of the target is nonlinear with the measurements and in order to solve the nonlinear problem,debiased conversion measurements based target tracking with direction cosine and range measurements in direction cosine coordinates named DCMKFPreDcos is proposed first in this paper,where the predicted information is introduced to calculate the converted measurement errors’statistical characteristics to eliminate the correlation between measurement noise and the converted measurement errors covariance.When range rate information can be obtained further,based on the above DCMKF-PreDcos’filtering result,the sequential filtering is adopted to process the additional range rate measurement and the DCMKF-PreDcos algorithm with extra range rate information is given.The predicted information is also introduced to calculate the involved statistical characteristics of converted measurements.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is shown in simulation results.

An Improved Direction Relation Detection Model for Spatial Objects

Direction is a common spatial concept that is used in our daily life. It is frequently used as a selection condition in spatial queries. As a result, it is important for spatial databases to provide a mechanism for modeling and processing direction queries and reasoning. Depending on the direction relation matrix, an inverted direction relation matrix and the concept of direction pre- dominance are proposed to improve the detection of direction relation between objects. Direction predicates of spatial systems are also extended. These techniques can improve the veracity of direction queries and reasoning. Experiments show excellent efficiency and performance in view of direction queries.

数字金融是否优化了实体企业融资结构

构建引入数字金融因素的企业融资结构理论模型,利用2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,分析数字金融对实体企业融资结构的影响。实证结果表明,数字金融主要通过提升股权融资在融资结构中的比重,进而优化实体企业融资结构,但数字金融发展对实体企业融资结构的优化作用在不同行业、企业规模和产权性质下存在异质性。数字金融优化实体企业融资结构的机制主要包括提高企业信息透明度、提升信息披露质量以及增强市场关注度等。数字金融对企业直接融资规模产生线性的促进作用,对间接融资规模产生先抑制后促进的非线性影响,而数字金融对实体企业直接融资规模的促进作用大于对间接融资规模的促进作用。同时,数字金融对股权融资规模的影响程度高于对债券融资规模的影响程度。

急性运动对负性情绪信息有意遗忘的影响

目的:探究急性运动是否可作为一种干预手段作用于大学生负性情绪信息的有意遗忘,以及情绪材料的性质和时间耦合对这一过程的影响。方法:将102名大学本科女生随机分为编码前运动组、编码后运动组和对照组,以10 min中等强度持续运动为运动干预方式,采用项目法有意遗忘范式,以低唤醒负性词、高唤醒负性词和中性词为记忆材料,比较不同组别被试在自由回忆正确数、再认的辨别力指数d’及相对应的有意遗忘效应值上的差异。结果:编码前运动组在再认任务中的有意遗忘效应值显著高于对照组,主要体现在编码前运动组忘记指令词语d’显著低于对照组,编码后运动组的自由回忆正确数呈现出低于编码前运动组和对照组的趋势。结论:编码前运动通过提升个体对信息的抑制控制能力促进有意遗忘的执行,编码后运动则通过干扰记忆巩固过程降低整体回忆表现。提示急性运动可提升个体主动抑制负性情绪信息记忆编码的能力,而在经历负性情绪事件后进行的急性运动能够帮助个体更快遗忘相关负性信息。

融合人体骨架和姿势信息特征的轻量级人体动作识别方法

针对人体动作识别任务中特征值选取不当导致识别率低、使用多模态数据导致训练成本高等问题,提出一种轻量级人体动作识别方法。首先使用OpenPose、PoseNet提取出人体骨架信息,使用BWT69CL传感器提取姿势信息;其次对数据进行预处理、特征融合,对人体动作进行深度学习分类识别;最后,为验证此方法的有效性,在公开数据集WISDM、UCIHAR、HASC和自建的人体动作数据集上进行实验验证,并使用改进的目标引导注意力机制(target-guided attention,TGA)–长短期记忆(long short term memory,LSTM)网络输出最终的分类结果。实验结果表明,在自建数据集下融合姿势和骨架特征达到99.87%准确率,相比于只使用姿势信息特征,识别准确率提高了约5.31个百分点;相比于只使用人体骨架特征,识别准确率提高了约1.87个百分点;在识别时间上相比于只使用姿势信息,识别时间降低了约29.73 s;相比于只使用人体骨架数据,识别时间降低了约9 s。使用该方法能及时有效地反映人体的运动意图,有助于提高人体动作和行为的识别准确率和训练效率。

非正式契约视角下高等教育投资收益的归属逻辑探究

高等教育投资收益归属背后隐藏着一个非正式契约安排,受教育者以其应分配的社会收益与公共主体应分配的直接经济收益交换,直接经济收益最终全部由私人独占,私人投资收益通过交换得以放大。这一交换机制由高等教育收益的特殊性决定,并通过信号传递机制、博弈机制、激励与惩罚机制进行事后修正。公平的教育培养成本分担体系、提高高等教育质量、推动高等教育有序竞争以及依据办学水平收费对高等教育私人收益率的稳定和均衡至关重要,是非正式契约安排长期存续和高等教育可持续发展的重要基础。

基于射线和障碍物轮廓的移动机器人全局规划

针对全局路径规划算法A*存在的拐点多,路径质量差,在大型地图中搜索效率低的问题,提出了一种基于射线模型以及障碍物轮廓的规划算法。首先将规划过程分为偏置扩展和沿障碍物轮廓扩展两部分;其次在偏置扩展阶段使用射线模型进行快速扩展,在沿障碍物轮廓扩展阶段提出一种融合了栅格方向信息基于A*的搜索方法;接着,为了确保算法的可行性和性能提出了一种新的close表设置方式;最后,在Pycharm设置的仿真环境里进行实验对比,验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性。上述算法相较于A*具有更佳的搜索效率,路径质量也更好。

Reaction视频中用户弹幕信息交互行为的情感反应生成机理研究

深入挖掘Reaction视频中弹幕信息交互行为的情感反应机理有助于理解用户弹幕创作背后的情感生成原因及情感变化过程。本文基于情感反应模型,利用定向内容分析法对哔哩哔哩网站中11个热门视频的弹幕信息资源、视频内容以及reactor反应情况展开编码研究,构建了Reaction视频中用户弹幕信息交互行为的情感反应生成机理模型。研究发现,Reaction视频弹幕信息交互行为中的情感反应生成机理总体上遵循“信息刺激-情感反应”的路径,信息刺激有时会独立唤醒情绪或特定情感态度,有时也会通过唤醒特定情感态度进而影响情绪或内化情感态度的生成。该模型有助于提升情感反应理论在计算机协助交流中的情境化探索,也将为社交媒体中用户与信息交互提供优化建议。

技术标准对企业关键技术自主化的影响机制研究——来自民营企业的微观证据

基于2011—2018年江苏省上规模民营企业调查数据,实证检验技术标准对企业关键技术自主化的作用机制,剖析对外直接投资的调节机制。研究发现:技术标准显著推动企业关键技术自主化,牵头制定技术标准对企业关键技术自主化的推动作用强于参与制定技术标准的推动作用;对外直接投资强化了技术标准对企业关键技术自主化的推动作用,其中,外部投资信息、信息咨询机构是发挥对外直接投资正向调节作用的重要条件。

改进蚁群算法的火灾环境疏散路径规划研究

针对建筑物火灾人员疏散问题,以保证火灾人员安全撤离为目标,提出火灾环境下改进蚁群算法的路径规划模型。构建方向性信息函数,当搜索方向靠近目标节点,方向性信息函数的值增大使信息素差异化;根据火灾影响程度建立火灾等级函数,使转移概率随着火灾等级的增大而减小,减少蚁群寻路的盲目性;通过分析火灾影响因素建立等效长度并构建启发函数,避免陷入局部最优;结合火灾等级函数自适应调整信息素挥发系数,加快了火灾路径信息素挥发速度,提升算法全局搜索能力;同时在信息素更新策略中引入奖惩系数和模糊控制,提升疏散系统的鲁棒性以及路径平滑度,并对全局信息素进行限制,以平衡算法的局部开发与全局搜索能力。经仿真实验验证,改进的蚁群算法在有无火灾的情况下都能高效地规划出疏散路线。

采用瞄准式杀伤技术的防空导弹总体问题研究

定向战斗部技术是利用目标方位信息通过导弹弹体变化或战斗部起爆逻辑控制改变爆破方向以取得最大毁伤效果的新型杀伤技术,是未来新一代防空导弹实现能力跨越的关键技术之一。以装备有径向转向式定向战斗部的瞄准杀伤式防空导弹为研究对象,着重研究了相关总体问题。研究了补偿导弹法向过载的脱靶信息预测方法,满足了瞄准式杀伤提前获取脱靶信息的需求;研究了预测着靶点的散布规律和预测模糊问题的形成机理,为解决模糊问题提供了理论支撑;研究了小脱靶量遭遇时的瞄准精确度提升方法;对瞄准杀伤式防空导弹实例进行了仿真。