Planning Model for Energy Routers Considering Peer-to-Peer Energy Transactions Among Multiple Distribution Networks

A high proportion of renewable energy affects the power quality of distribution networks,and surplus energy will be sold to the upstream grid at a low price.In this paper,considering peer-to-peer energy transactions,the energy router-based multiple distribution networks are analyzed to solve the above problems and realize collaborative consumption of renewable energy.Presently,the investing cost of an energy router is high,and research on the economic operation of energy routers in distribution networks is little.Therefore,this paper establishes a planning model for energy routers considering peer-to-peer energy transactions among distribution networks,and explores the benefits of peer-to-peer energy transactions through energy router based multiple distribution networks.A structure of an energy router suitable for peer-to-peer energy transactions is selected,and a power flow calculation model based on a multilayer structure is established.The energy router’s scheduling model is established,and unique functions of the energy router and revenue of each distribution network are considered.A power flow calculation model based on peer-to-peer interconnection of multiple distribution networks through energy routers is also established.Finally,simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning model.Results show that peer-topeer energy transaction among distribution networks through energy routers can effectively reduce the comprehensive cost of distribution networks,significantly improve the power quality of the distribution networks,and reduce the impact of power fluctuation on the upstream grid incurred by the distribution network.

Discussion on Energy Internet and Its Key Technology

Energy and environmental problems are among the important factors restricting economic development. The development of green energy is an important measure to deal with energy and environmental problems, such as wind energy and photovoltaic. Energy Internet is an important mean to promote the transformation of the energy structure, improve energy efficiency and reduce pollution. In introduction, the energy Internet is put forward. Then the architecture and characteristics of energy Internet, such as integration, openness, intelligence and marketization of energy Internet are analyzed. Next, key technologies such as energy router, virtual power plant and network security technology are discussed. Finally, a few suggestions for the development of energy Internet are proposed, and hoped to promote the development of energy Internet.

Portable Multi-Inputs Renewable Energy System for Small Scale Remote Application

This paper presents a potable renewable energy system. The portable renewable energy power unit is designed from a need. The need is for first response teams in remote natural disaster situations to have a reliable source of energy to power a small vaccine refrigerator or water purification system and a basic satellite communication system. It is important that such a need is explored as a practical solution has the potential to save the lives of people in remote areas, who would otherwise suffer from a lack of humanitarian aid. Currently diesel generators are the primary source of electricity generation for disaster responders and in most situations work very well and provide a sufficient amount of electricity to meet the power needs. However, in remote areas road infrastructure is often damaged. In this type of situation getting a constant supply of diesel to the area is an expensive or impractical operation. This is where the portable renewable energy power unit bridges the gap and allows a more practical solution to be implemented. The specific aim of the work is to design a compact, stand-alone, product that can be easily transported by people across uneven terrain. It can generate power from wind, solar and hydro energy sources. In this work a new non-isolated multiport DC-DC converter topology for a hybrid energy system in low power applications is proposed. The new topology assimilates multiple renewable energy sources and power up multiple loads with different output levels. A complete Solid works model and FEA analysis, on required components, is completed. The scope of the work encompasses both the electrical and mechanical design of the system.

Voltage Regulation in Edge Energy Router System via H_(∞)Control with Markov Jump

With the increase in the amount of tasks offtoaded to the network edge, the energy supply of edge devices has become a challenge worthy of attention. It is a feasible way to use renewable energy to supply energy for edge devices, but production of renewable energy has certain uncertainty and stochasticity. In order to provide sufficient energy to ensure stable operation of edge devices, energy Internet (EI) provides an idea, that is, different edge devices are connected with distributed small energy supply and storage systems. As the core equipment of energy Internet, energy router (ER) plays an important role in information transmission, energy transmission and system control. In this paper, the concept of edge energy router is proposed, which has the ability of task computing and scheduling similar to edge computing server, as well as the ability of energy transmission and system control of energy router. Each edge energy router is connected with loads, photovoltaic panel (PV), micro turbine (MT) and battery energy storage (BES) to form a self-sufficient microgrid (MG) system. However, there exists a delay in energy transmission and task scheduling between different ERs. Moreover, the DC bus voltage stability of each edge energy router system is negatively affected by internal uncertainty, stochasticity and external interference. Therefore, the system is modeled by Markov jump ODEs with time delay, and robust control of DC bus voltage deviation is discussed in this paper. The linear matrix inequality (LMI) method is used to solve this Markov jump control problem. Finally, numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

电能路由器电气安全风险解析与关键试验研究

电能路由器是未来能源互联网的核心装备,但尚无对于其电气安全方面的测试标准。本文对于电能路由器风险源可能存在的情况进行了详尽的分类解析;重点针对电气安全列出了安全检测项目和指标,给出了电能路由器的测试系统,并根据应用场景制订了测试工况。

基于输入均压与虚拟直流电机相结合的直流电能路由器控制策略

针对中压直流配电网接入下的直流电能路由器在新能源出力等工况下,使用传统控制策略对直流母线的控制效果一般、电压易越限等问题,基于模块化的输入串联输出并联(input-series output-parallel,ISOP)型拓扑结构,提出一种基于输入均压与虚拟直流电机相结合的直流电能路由器控制策略。首先,研究输入均压控制过程中模块间的功率均衡控制特性并与输出均流控制进行比较;接着,将虚拟直流电机控制应用到控制算法中,使变流器模拟出直流电机的惯性特性;然后,对虚拟直流电机建立小信号数学模型,分析其工作机理以及参数对系统的影响;最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型进行验证。结果表明:所提控制策略能够在实现直流电能路由器各模块间功率均衡的同时,具有类似直流电机的惯量特性与阻尼特性,可显著提高直流配电网直流母线电压稳定性。

含能量路由器的交直流混合配电网潮流计算

能量路由器(energy router,ER)作为新兴电力电子设备,可以实现电能在电力系统中的灵活分配。分析ER对系统的影响,研究以ER为配电枢纽的交直流混合配电网潮流计算方法,对实现配电网的优化运行具有重要意义。文中首先基于改进交替迭代法建立ER的稳态潮流模型,并对ER直流端口采用下垂控制策略,结合传统解耦法,提出一种适用于含ER的配电网交直流解耦迭代潮流计算方法。以含有多个ER的IEEE 14节点和IEEE 69节点配电系统为算例进行仿真计算,验证所提方法的正确性与收敛性。为分析ER对系统运行的影响,对不同场景下IEEE 69节点测试系统进行仿真计算,证明ER在系统中可以支撑节点电压,减小系统运行损耗。

考虑云储能的多区互联综合能源系统规划

【目的】为促进储能和用户侧资源高效利用,提高清洁能源消纳水平,提出了一种考虑云储能的多区互联综合能源系统规划模型。【方法】在建立区域综合能源系统能源枢纽的基础上,提出了考虑电/热/气云储能的能源枢纽模型。针对云储能与综合能源系统分属不同投资主体的问题,考虑云储能投资回报年限约束,提出了双主体两阶段规划模型:第一阶段对网架、设备容量以及云储能使用价格进行规划;第二阶段对综合能源系统的运行策略进行优化。针对多能流网架规划复杂度高的问题,提出了基于最小生成树的预筛选算法。【结果】对某三园区综合能源系统规划的算例分析结果表明,所提模型有助于提高能效、降低碳排、提高互连综合能源系统的经济效益。【结论】研究成果揭示了云储能与多区域综合能源系统协同规划的潜力,并为多类型储能在能源领域的深度应用和商业推广提供参考。

一种兼具配电网单相接地故障调控的多端口能量路由器

能量路由器是能源互联网领域的核心设备,其电路拓扑能够实现新能源、储能、各类负荷的统一分配。目前,能量路由器缺乏配电网故障恢复能力。该文提出一种实现故障调控与新能源消纳的多端口能量路由器(multi‐port energy router,MP‐ER)。首先,介绍MP‐ER拓扑及原理,根据MP‐ER整体结构,提出以直流母线电压为主信号,各个端口分散控制的控制策略;其次,通过直流母线电压及配电网零序电压情况,将MP‐ER工作模式分为正常模式和故障柔性消弧两种模式,在所提的控制策略下,实现各模态内的稳定、高效运行;最后,针对连接的微网、配电网系统,利用MATLAB数值软件,对该模型进行仿真并验证该文提出的拓扑结构功能的合理性。该研究为能量路由器的研究提出一种新的拓扑结构和模型。

集群式岸电能量路由器供能精细化就地管控策略

传统的能量路由器能量管理策略未考虑多台设备之间的柔性互联关系,且在港口应用中港机负荷的冲击性和新能源发电的波动性,使区域电网的可靠供电和经济运行面临挑战。为此,基于模糊逻辑控制提出了一种适用于集群式岸电能量路由器的供能精细化就地管控策略。该方法考虑了互联岸电能量路由器之间输出功率的耦合影响,并依据并网模式下可能的功率流向制定了保证电力用户经济效益的模糊控制规则,使储能输出电流根据电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)、电网电价以及各台岸电能量路由器净输出功率的变化进行动态调整。该方法计及了互联系统间的协同作用,构建了互联系统间各端口传输功率关系,有利于分布式能源跨台区协同消纳,且不需要上层调度控制,减少了对通信的依赖。仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的有效性和可行性。

多端口能源路由器“源网荷储”能量调度粒子群优化算法

能源路由器既可实现能量流和信息流的高度融合,又有利于电能传输、辐射和综合利用,研究与运行时间表明这是建立在能源路由器经济、安全和可靠运行基础上。为此,在综合考虑光伏发电成本、市电购电成本、储能成本等各项经济因素的基础上,建立了“源网荷储”多能互补系统的经济运行模型,提出了基于粒子群优化算法的多能互补系统能量调度优化方案。结合所研制的应用于某园区的七端口能源路由器,进行了仿真分析与装置试验,结果表明:所提粒子群优化算法的调度方案可行有效,不仅可以降低系统研制和运行成本,还可以推广应用到军事岛礁多能源互补微电网系统,充分发挥分布式电源灵活与高效的应用特性。

考虑储能和新能源的城市轨道交通能源路由器拓扑设计与控制策略研究

为了解决城市轨道交通列车的启停过程和分布式能源进入轨道交通能源路由器导致直流母线功率波动严重的问题,需要在不同端口之间进行能量路由,涉及多种运行模式,而无缝切换是一个重大挑战。该文基于分层控制策略提出一种适用于城市轨道交通的六端口能源路由器拓扑结构以及分层协调控制策略,使多端口能源路由器能够在列车停车、加速、恒功率驱动和减速等工况下协调运行,并在各种工况下无缝切换。能源中央调度层通过采样各端口的状态信息发送工况指令,微电网控制层采用集中控制,接收上层工况指令,向各局部控制层发送驱动信号,接收微电网控制层的驱动信号。局部各端口控制器控制各变流器电路的开关动作,并将变流器的工作状态上传至微电网控制层,以准确传输所需的列车负载功率,保持直流母线电压的稳定。最后,采用Matlab/Simulink仿真和实验验证了适用于轨道交通的六端口能源路由器拓扑设计及分层协调控制策略的可行性。

Two-stage Planning Method for Energy Router Considering Its Optimal Operation in Distribution Networks

An energy router can effectively optimize the network loss and power quality of distribution networks. The optimal configuration of the energy router is relatively complex because issues dynamically influence each other, such as the location of the energy router, optimal number and capacity of its ports, and building new distribution lines for the ports. Presently, there has been very few research studies on the practical problems for the energy router. In this paper, a planning model of an energy router combined with the distribution network is established, which fully exploits the active and reactive power control abilities of the energy router to optimize the operation of the grid. The configuration problem is decoupled into two stages. The upper layer determines the location of the energy router and the parameters of the candidate new distribution lines for the ports. The lower layer calculates the optimal configuration of the energy router by minimizing the total annual cost. Because of the same rated bus voltage in the distribution network, the existing structure of the energy router is changed to be more applicable for the distribution network, and then the power flow model of the energy router is also modified. Due to the nonlinearity of the model, the planning model is converted into a mixed-integer second-order cone model to solve efficiently. In addition, some core factors influencing the optimal scheme of the energy router are also analyzed in this paper. Simulation results show that the optimal scheme of the energy router can significantly improve the economic deployment of the energy router, and optimize the network loss and power quality of the distribution network.

Adaptive Dead-Time Modulation Scheme for Bidirectional LLC Resonant Converter in Energy Router

Although the dead-time optimization design of resonant converters has been widely researched,classical design methods focus more on achieving zero-voltage switching(ZVS)operation.The body diode loss is always ignored,which results in low-efficiency of the converter,especially,in energy router(ER).To deal with this problem,this paper proposes an adaptive deadtime modulation scheme for bidirectional LLC resonant converters in ER.First,the power loss of the MOSFET is analyzed based on the dead-time.Then,a novel dead-time optimization modulation principle is proposed.It can eliminate the body diode loss of MOSFET compared with existing literature.Based on the optimization modulation principle,this paper proposes an adaptive dead-time modulation scheme.To this end,the converter adopting the scheme no longer needs to calculate dead-time,which simplifies the parameter design process.Meanwhile,this scheme enables dead-time to dynamically change with working conditions according to the dead-time optimization modulation principle.With these effects,the ZVS operation is achieved,and the body diode loss of MOSFET is also eliminated.Furthermore,a digital implementation method is designed to make the proposed modulation scheme have fast-transient response.Finally,experimental results show that the proposed dead-time modulation scheme enables converters to achieve ZVS operation in all working conditions,and has higher efficiency than classical dead-time design methods.

基于多能量路由器配电网系统最优潮流研究

交直流混合配电网是未来电网发展的趋势,而能量路由器在配电网中能够发挥关键的潮流管控的作用,实现对电能的调控,改善电能质量。目前已有较多针对能量路由器的结构以及控制策略方面的研究,但对于含能量路由器的交直流混合配电网的潮流分布以及潮流优化的研究较少。为了更好地发挥能量路由器的整体调控和运行优化的作用,研究含能量路由器的交直流混合配电网多目标最优潮流问题很有必要。对此,建立含能量路由器的交直流混合系统多目标最优潮流模型,以网络损耗和电压偏差为目标,利用多目标进化算法构建多目标优化模型,求解Pareto解集;随后,采用模糊隶属度法对Pareto解集进行折中决策得到最优折中解。通过对IEEE-69节点测试系统的仿真与分析,验证所构建模型的有效性,并将最优折中解方案与PSO算法求解同系统的SOPF问题方案相对比,证明建立的优化模型相比于单目标优化更能提高系统综合性能,优化系统整体运行状态。

A hierarchical coordinated control strategy based on multi-port energy router of urban rail transit

The multi-port energy router(ER)is an effective topology for integrating train traction load,AC load,the energy storage system and photovoltaic(PV)energy.The start and stop process of urban rail transit trains and the access of distributed energy sources to rail transit ER lead to serious fluctuations of DC bus power,so it is necessary to route energy between different ports,involving multi-operating modes,while seamless switching is a major challenge.In this paper,a hierarchical coordinated control strategy is proposed to enable the multi-port ER to operate in a coor-dinated fashion under the conditions of train parking,acceleration,constant power driving and deceleration,and to switch seamlessly under various working conditions.The energy central dispatching layer sends working condi-tion instructions by sampling the state information of each port,while the microgrid control layer adopts central-ized control,receiving upper working condition instructions and sending drive signals to the local control layers to maintain the balanced energy flow of each port.In the local control layers,the PV adopts the improved perturbation and observation method of power control(PC-P&O),while the ES system adopts voltage loop control with an SOC influence factor,voltage loop control with switching factor and power loop control according to the different working conditions,so as to transmit the required train load power accurately and maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical coordination control is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulations.

海上平台能源路由器母线电压控制策略研究

适用于海上平台能源路由器直流母线电压稳定性控制方法目前还不够完善,为了解决海上平台脉冲负载对能源路由器直流母线电压造成严重冲击的问题,引入混合储能系统,提出一种考虑电压波动系数的双向DC/DC变换器功率预测控制策略及考虑混合储能能量限值的功率管理方法.经过仿真,系统的直流母线电压动态响应达到预期需求.搭建海上平台能源路由器实验平台,通过实验验证了该方案具有较高的动态响应及稳定性.

柔性互联新型配电系统可靠性研究

为应对分布式能源的广泛接入和直流负荷(典型直流负荷如数据中心)的不断增加,越来越多的学者开始研究电能路由器,为此研究了一种电能路由器接入配网的形式。针对含典型直流负荷数据中心的配网,研究了电能路由器接入配网的形式和结构,分析了这一配网结构的优势和集群式电能路由器的长处;对比传统交流配网,分析了能源互联网对电能路由器的可靠性要求。结果验证了能源互联网亟需进一步研究,并说明了电能路由器在能源互联网中的关键作用,对电能路由器的运行可靠性提出了要求。研究结果对能源互联网的发展和电能路由器的研究具有参考意义。

基于能源路由器的工业园区多时间尺度低碳调度策略

针对可再生能源随机特性导致的工业耗能园区综合能源系统日前调度计划误差较大问题,文章提出了一种基于能源路由器控制特性的综合能源系统多时间尺度低碳调度策略。在日前优化调度阶段,综合考虑系统低碳性及经济性,以日运行成本及环境成本最小为目标优化设备出力;在日内调度阶段,考虑能源响应时间差异与源荷不匹配的问题,提出自适应时间尺度的日内滚动计划调度策略。根据系统日前调度后运行状态合理切换日内滚动计划调度周期,实现对日前调度计划的反复修正。仿真结果表明,文章所提方法可在不同时间尺度条件下减小可再生能源出力的波动性、负荷等因素对系统优化运行的影响,降低系统碳排放量,保障园区综合能源系统低碳、可靠运行。

基于交直流混合网络的电能路由器协同控制与调度优化

随着各种新型能源的发展,电网的能源需求也逐渐从化石燃料过渡为环境友好型能源,而这些能源的分布与智能微电网的发展密切相关。且交直流混合配电网调度面临着系统稳定性、供电可靠性、资源管理、智能化调度和协调与通信等多方面的挑战。该文首先提出一种串联式拓扑结构的电能路由器(ER),可以有效地整合分布式电源、储能设备和负荷,提高微网的运行效率和可靠性。在此基础上提出一种基于交直流混合网络的电能路由器协同控制与调度优化算法,该算法以微网的电压的平均偏差、功率损耗、平均线路压降为优化目标,选择最优的传输路径。最后进行实验验证,结果表明,该方法可以降低微网的运行成本,延长储能设备的寿命,提高电能质量,为交直流混合微网提供了一种可行的优化方案。