Quantitative Relationship Between Simultaneous Color Contrast and Hue Difference in Complex Displays

To investigate quantitatively one of the parametric effects——simultaneous color contrast on color appearance and color difference evaluation in complex displays, a set of center/surround combinations of color stimuli were displayed on a color monitor and the perceived color shifts of test targets induced by its surrounds were measured using binocular matching method while systematically varying hue difference between target and surround. When the hue difference increased, the magnitude of color shift in test target decreased, but the deflection angle of color shift vector from constant hue line increased. Regression analyses of experimental data indicated that the relationship between hue angle difference and the magnitude of perceived color shifts could be described quantitatively by an exponential function, and a linear function could describe quantitative relationship between hue angle difference and deflection angle of color shift vector from constant hue line.

Thermochromic Silks for Temperature Management and Dynamic Textile Displays

Silks have various advantages compared with synthetic polymer fibers,such as sustainability,mechanical properties,luster,as well as air and humidity permeability.However,the functionalization of silks has not yet been fully developed.Functionalization techniques that retain or even improve the sustainability of silk production are required.To this end,a low-cost,effective,and scalable strategy to produce TCSs by integrating yarn-spinning and continuous dip coating technique is developed herein.TCSs with extremely long length(>10 km),high mechanical performance(strength of 443.1 MPa,toughness of 56.0 MJ m−3,comparable with natural cocoon silk),and good interfacial bonding were developed.TCSs can be automatically woven into arbitrary fabrics,which feature super-hydrophobicity as well as rapid and programmable thermochromic responses with good cyclic performance:the response speed reached to one second and remained stable after hundreds of tests.Finally,applications of TCS fabrics in temperature management and dynamic textile displays are demonstrated,confirming their application potential in smart textiles,wearable devices,flexible displays,and human–machine interfaces.Moreover,combination of the fabrication and the demonstrated applications is expected to bridge the gap between lab research and industry and accelerate the commercialization of TCSs.

Symptomatic accommodative and binocular dysfunctions from the use of flat-panel displays

AIM： To determine the presence of symptomatic accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions （A.sBD） in a non-presbyopic population of video display unit （VDU） users with flat-panel displays. METHODS： One hundred and one VDU users, aged between 20 to 34y, initially participated in the study. This study excluded contact-lens wearers and subjects who had undergone refractive surgery or had any systemic or ocular disease. First, subjects were asked about the type and nature of eye symptoms they experienced during VDU use. Then, a thorough eye examination excluded those subjects with a significant uncorrected refractive error or other problem, such as ocular motility disorders, vertical deviation, strabismus and eye diseases. Finally, the remaining participants underwent an exhaustive assessment of their accommodative and binocular vision status. RESULTS： Eighty-nine VDU users （46 females and 43 males） were included in this study. They used flat-panel displays for an average of 5±1.9h a day. Twenty subjects presented A.sBD （22.5%）. Convergence excess was the most frequent non-strabismic binocular dysfunction （9 subjects）, followed by fusional vergence dysfunction （3 subjects） and convergence insufficiency （2 subjects）. Within the accommodative dysfunctions, accommodative excess was the most common （4 subjects）, followed by accommodative insufficiency （2 subjects）. Moderate to severe eye symptoms were found in 13 subjects with ANSBD. CONCLUSION： Significant eye symptoms in VDU users with accommodative and/or non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions often occur and should not be underestimated; therefore, an appropriate evaluation of accommodative and binocular vision status is more important for this population,

Fast and Stable Zinc Anode‑Based Electrochromic Displays Enabled by Bimetallically Doped Vanadate and Aqueous Zn^(2+)/Na^(+)Hybrid Electrolytes

Vanadates are a class of the most promising electrochromic materials for displays as their multicolor characteristics.However,the slow switching times and vanadate dissolution issues of recently reported vanadates significantly hinder their diverse practical applications.Herein,novel strategies are developed to design electrochemically stable vanadates having rapid switching times.We show that the interlayer spacing is greatly broadened by introducing sodium and lanthanum ions into V_(3)O_(8)interlayers,which facilitates the transportation of cations and enhances the electrochemical kinetics.In addition,a hybrid Zn^(2+)/Na^(+)electrolyte is designed to inhibit vanadate dissolution while significantly accelerating electrochemical kinetics.As a result,our electrochromic displays yield the most rapid switching times in comparison with any reported Zn-vanadate electrochromic displays.It is envisioned that stable vanadate-based electrochromic displays having video speed switching are appearing on the near horizon.

Prospects and challenges in augmented reality displays

Augmented reality(AR)displays are attracting significant attention and efforts.In this paper,we review the adopted device configurations of see-through displays,summarize the current development status and highlight future challenges in micro-displays.A brief introduction to optical gratings is presented to help understand the challenging design of grating-based waveguide for AR displays.Finally,we discuss the most recent progress in diffraction grating and its implications.

Laser patterning of large-scale perovskite single-crystal-based arrays for single-mode laser displays

Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite microlaser arrays(especially based on polycrystalline thin films)produced by the conventional processing techniques is hindered by the chemical instability and surface roughness of the perovskite structures.Herein,we demonstrate a laser patterning of large-scale,highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal films to fabricate reproducible perovskite single-crystal-based microlaser arrays.Perovskite thin films were directly ablated by femtosecond-laser in multiple low-power cycles at a minimum machining line width of approximately 300 nm to realize high-precision,chemically clean,and repeatable fabrication of microdisk arrays.The surface impurities generated during the process can be washed away to avoid external optical loss due to the robustness of the single-crystal film.Moreover,the high-quality,large-sized perovskite single-crystal films can significantly improve the quality of microcavities,thereby realizing a perovskite microdisk laser with narrow linewidth(0.09 nm)and low threshold(5.1µJ/cm2).Benefiting from the novel laser patterning method and the large-sized perovskite single-crystal films,a high power and high color purity laser display with single-mode microlasers as pixels was successfully fabricated.Thus,this study may offer a potential platform for mass-scale and reproducible fabrication of microlaser arrays,and further facilitate the development of highly integrated applications based on perovskite materials.

Dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates

Interactive holography offers unmatched levels of immersion and user engagement in the field of future display.Despite of the substantial progress has been made in dynamic meta-holography,the realization of real-time,highly smooth interactive holography remains a significant challenge due to the computational and display frame rate limitations.In this study,we introduced a dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates.To our knowledge,this is the first reported practical dynamic interactive metasurface holographic system.We spa-tially divided the metasurface device into multiple distinct channels,each projecting a reconstructed sub-pattern.The switching states of these channels were mapped to bitwise operations on a set of bit values,which avoids complex holo-gram computations,enabling an ultra-high computational frame rate.Our approach achieves a computational frame rate of 800 kHz and a display frame rate of 23 kHz on a low-power Raspberry Pi computational platform.According to this methodology,we demonstrated an interactive dynamic holographic Tetris game system that allows interactive gameplay,color display,and on-the-fly hologram creation.Our technology presents an inspiration for advanced dynamic meta-holography,which is promising for a broad range of applications including advanced human-computer interaction,real-time 3D visualization,and next-generation virtual and augmented reality systems.

DisplaySearch：宏基收购后的挣扎

Display Search新一季度笔记本市场的销售量及前景预测的研究报告指出：宏基在收购了Gateway和Packard Bell后似乎进行着一番挣扎。

NOVEL POLYMER WIDE VIEWING ANGLE COMPENSATION FILMS FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS(LCDS)

We report on generating uniaxial negative birefringent compensation films, made of specifically designedpolyimides. These polymers were synthesized via a polycondensation of dianhydride [such as 2, 2' -bis(3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride] and 2, 2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl. The uniaxial negative birefringent (n_x =n_y > n_z) polyimide substrates are achieved using a solution-casting method in conventional solvents, which exhibit thedesirable optical phase retardation [(n_x - n_z)×d] values from 50 to 400 nm varying with the film thickness. In thesepolyimide films, the long chain rigid molecules adopt intrinsic planar orientaion. In detail, the majority of phenylene-imiderings and phenylenes preferentially adopt nearly planar conformations parallel to the film substrae. In addition, these filmsalso possess high transparency (or transmittance) and little color shift. The unique color dispersion curve indicates that thistype of materials is very suitable for the applications in LCDs due to an excellent mimic for the retardation color dispersioncurve with respect to LC molecules. Significantly low in-plane retardation (< 1 nm) allows this new technology based film toachieve sufficiently high contrast ratio while highly negative retardation dramatically suppresses the gray scale inversion toimprove the viewing angle performance in a variety of new mode LCDs.

VLSI design of 3D display processing chip for binocular stereo displays

In order to develop the core chip supporting binocular stereo displays for head mounted display （HMD） and glasses-TV, a very large scale integrated （VISI） design scheme is proposed by using a pipeline architecture for 3D display processing chip （HMD100）. Some key techniques including stereo display processing and high precision video scaling based bicubic interpolation, and their hardware implementations which improve the image quality are presented. The proposed HMD100 chip is verified by the field-programmable gate array （FPGA）. As one of innovative and high integration SoC chips, HMD100 is designed by a digital and analog mixed circuit. It can support binocular stereo display, has better scaling effect and integration. Hence it is applicable in virtual reality （VR）, 3D games and other microdisplay domains.

Non-volatile dynamically switchable color display via chalcogenide stepwise cavity resonators

High-resolution multi-color printing relies upon pixelated optical nanostructures,which is crucial to promote color display by producing nonbleaching colors,yet requires simplicity in fabrication and dynamic switching.Antimony trisulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is a newly rising chalcogenide material that possesses prompt and significant transition of its optical characteristics in the visible region between amorphous and crystalline phases,which holds the key to color-varying devices.Herein,we proposed a dynamically switchable color printing method using Sb_(2)S_(3)-based stepwise pixelated Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavities with various cavity lengths.The device was fabricated by employing a direct laser patterning that is a less timeconsuming,more approachable,and low-cost technique.As switching the state of Sb_(2)S_(3) between amorphous and crystalline,the multi-color of stepwise pixelated FP cavities can be actively changed.The color variation is due to the profound change in the refractive index of Sb_(2)S_(3) over the visible spectrum during its phase transition.Moreover,we directly fabricated sub-50 nm nano-grating on ultrathin Sb_(2)S_(3) laminate via microsphere 800-nm femtosecond laser irradiation in far field.The minimum feature size can be further decreased down to~45 nm(λ/17)by varying the thickness of Sb_(2)S_(3) film.Ultrafast switchable Sb_(2)S_(3) photonic devices can take one step toward the next generation of inkless erasable papers or displays and enable information encryption,camouflaging surfaces,anticounterfeiting,etc.Importantly,our work explores the prospects of rapid and rewritable fabrication of periodic structures with nano-scale resolution and can serve as a guideline for further development of chalcogenide-based photonics components.

Development of Wearable Micro-actuator Array for 3-D Virtual Tactile Displays

A novel 4 by 4 array of electromagnetic micro-actuators operating on the principle of voice-coil actuators is presented. The intended application of the array is dynamic tactile stimulation, where multiple actuators generate an illusion of touching a moving pattern. In comparison to earlier designs [1-3], the device has smaller dimensions of 2.28 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length, which allowed its use in an array capable of hosting up to a 5 by 5 set of actuators with a rectangular shape covering an area of 18 mm by 21 mm. Using finite element analysis of several conceptual designs of actuators [1,4,5], it was established that the voice-coil type device (where the coil is the moving part) has most beneficial characteristics for the envisioned application. These include sufficient force over a relatively large distance, allowing tactile stimulation of surfaces with irregular shape, fast response, and small foot-print that matches the density of the tactile sensory neurons in the human finger. Eexperimental evaluation of the operation of neighboring actuators spaced at 3.3 mm apart, indicates that there is no crosstalk between the actuators. The resulting density exceeds that of previously reported alternative designs based on moveable permanent magnets [4,6]. Static force measurement indicate that each micro-actuator can produce at least 26 mN of repulsive force over a stroke of 2100 μm with a peak force of 34 mN. The driving circuit operates at 13.5V and generates a vibration frequency of up to 265 Hz without significant change of the force-displacement characteristics. In the higher frequency range (above 100 Hz) the actuator provides at least 15 mN of force over a slightly reduced stroke of 2300 μm, and a peak force of 21 mN. All of the above parameters meet the required threshold values of tactile human perception known from [2] and [3].

The evolution of courtship displays in Galliformes

Species in Galliformes have elaborate ritual courtship displays,often including strutting,fluffing of tail or head feathers,and vocal sounds that serve as excellent examples of sexual selection.According to the male orientation to the female while either posturing or moving,these courtship displays of gallinaceous species can be classified into three categories:1)‘frontal displays’,2)‘lateral displays’,and 3)‘both frontal and lateral displays’.Questions regarding which category of displays is the ancestral state and the evolutionary history of courtship displays in Galliformes remain unanswered.We collected and classified 131 species in terms of their courtship displays into the three categories listed above and carried out a large-scale comparative analysis to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of this trait.We found that the ancestral state of courtship displays of Galliformes involves both relatively short and straightforward frontal and lateral elements(i.e.,the category of‘both frontal and lateral displays’).Furthermore,ancestral trait reconstructions suggest that transitions from‘lateral displays’to‘frontal displays’occurred more frequently than the other way around(i.e.,from‘frontal displays’to‘lateral displays’).In addition,some transitions occurred from‘both frontal and lateral displays’to‘lateral displays’but not from‘both frontal and lateral displays’to‘frontal displays’.Ancestral state reconstruction of courtship displays at the root of the Galliformes phylogeny supports the‘both frontal and lateral displays’first scenario.This original state then evolved towards two extremes,either‘frontal displays’or‘lateral displays’,with more complicated and elaborate display components.Moreover,subsequent transitions occurred from‘lateral displays’to‘frontal displays’much more frequently than the other way around during the evolutionary history,indicating positive selection of‘frontal displays’.

COMPENSATION EFFECT OF POLYIMIDE THIN FILMS ON NORMALLY WHITE TWISTED NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS

The disadvantages of Normally White Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display (NW-TN-LCD) were discussed. The reason that the negative birefringent polyimide thin films were used to compensate NW-TN-LCD to decrease off-axis leakage, improve contrast ratios and enlarge viewing angles was explained in this paper. A certain polyimide thin film was taken as an example to show compensation effect on NW-TN-LCD.

Functional-Material-Based Touch Interfaces for Multidimensional Sensing for Interactive Displays:A Review

Multidimensional sensing is a highly desired attribute for allowing human-machine interfaces(HMIs)to perceive various types of information from both users and the environment,thus enabling the advancement of various smart electronics/applications,e.g.,smartphones and smart cities.Conventional multidimensional sensing is achieved through the integration of multiple discrete sensors,which introduces issues such as high energy consumption and high circuit complexity.These disadvantages have motivated the widespread use of functional materials for detecting various stimuli at low cost with low power requirements.This work presents an overview of simply structured touch interfaces for multidimensional(x-y location,force and temperature)sensing enabled by piezoelectric,piezoresistive,triboelectric,pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials.For each technology,the mechanism of operation,state-of-the-art designs,merits,and drawbacks are investigated.At the end of the article,the author discusses the challenges limiting the successful applications of functional materials in commercial touch interfaces and corresponding development trends.

One Stop Displays带照明5mm薄型显示模块

One Stop Displays公司发布一种带照明的PLED显示模块，厚度仅为5mm。很多采用反射型LCD技术的系统无法添加背光结构，因为背光模块会增加厚度。这种OSD1602—3是5种机械尺寸为16×2字符的显示模块中的一种，它们可以灵活地添加背光，而不必更改机械要求。这些显示具有高亮度、高对比度和极大的可视角，可应用于低光照环境。

Application of Quantum Dots in Display:The Milestones of Quantum Dots Light Emitting Displays

We reviewed the key advantages and development of the QD-display and other light applications based on their color purity,stability,and solution processisibility.Analysis of quantum dot based LEDs and the main challenges facing in this field,such as QD luminescence quenching,QD charging in thin films,and the external quantum efficiency was presented in detail.The description about how different optical down-conversion and structures enabled researchers to overcome these challenges and to commercialize the products to achieve the desirable CRI and color temperature was presented.The recent developments about how to overcome these difficulties have also been discussed in this article.

Atomic layer deposition in advanced display technologies:from photoluminescence to encapsulation

Driven by the growing demand for next-generation displays,the development of advanced luminescent materials with exceptional photoelectric properties is rapidly accelerating,with such materials including quantum dots and phosphors,etc.Nevertheless,the primary challenge preventing the practical application of these luminescent materials lies in meeting the required durability standards.Atomic layer deposition(ALD)has,therefore,been employed to stabilize luminescent materials,and as a result,flexible display devices have been fabricated through material modification,surface and interface engineering,encapsulation,cross-scale manufacturing,and simulations.In addition,the appropriate equipment has been developed for both spatial ALD and fluidized ALD to satisfy the low-cost,high-efficiency,and high-reliability manufacturing requirements.This strategic approach establishes the groundwork for the development of ultra-stable luminescent materials,highly efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs),and thin-film packaging.Ultimately,this significantly enhances their potential applicability in LED illumination and backlighted displays,marking a notable advancement in the display industry.

NPD DisplaySearch 2013年电视面板供给尺寸将有剧烈变化

根据NPDDisplaySearch季度大尺寸TFT面板出货报告QuarteflyLarge-AreaTFTPanelShipmentReporL显示，2012年第三季度，这些新电视面板尺寸占总出货的12％，比前两个季度分别高了5％和8％。