CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC POSITION SERVO SYSTEM WITH GENERALIZED PULSE CODE MODULATION

A hybrid control strategy has been designed and developed for the electro-hydraulic posi-tion servo control system with generalized Pulse code modulation （GPCM）, which is suitable for the area where the work condition is poor and a large flow rate is required. It is difficult to control the GPCM system because the system is discrete. With consideration of the stability and speediness of the GPCM position servo control system, a control strategy is developed through the theoretical and ex-perimental analyses. The control strategy integrates the merits of Bang-Bang control, PID control and fuzzy control. With this hybrid control strategy, the electro hydraulic control system has good per-formances, and the servo control is carried out with GPCM through on-off valves.

Ultra-low power anti-crosstalk collision avoidance light detection and ranging using chaotic pulse position modulation approach

A novel concept of collision avoidance single-photon light detection and ranging（LIDAR） for vehicles has been demonstrated, in which chaotic pulse position modulation is applied on the transmitted laser pulses for robust anti-crosstalk purposes. Besides, single-photon detectors（SPD） and time correlated single photon counting techniques are adapted, to sense the ultra-low power used for the consideration of compact structure and eye safety. Parameters including pulse rate, discrimination threshold, and number of accumulated pulses have been thoroughly analyzed based on the detection requirements, resulting in specified receiver operating characteristics curves. Both simulation and indoor experiments were performed to verify the excellent anti-crosstalk capability of the presented collision avoidance LIDAR despite ultra-low transmitting power.

Chaotic pulse position modulation ultra-wideband system based on particle filtering

Traditional chaotic pulse position modulation(CPPM)system has many drawbacks.It introduces delay into the feedback loop,which will lead to divergence of chaotic map easily.The wrong decision of data will cause error propagation.Mismatch of parameters and synchronization error between the receiver and transmitter will arouse high bit error rate.To solve these problems,a demodulation algorithm of CPPM based on particle filtering is proposed.According to the mathematical model of the system,it tracks the real signal by online separation in demodulation.Simulation results show that the proposed method can track the true signal better than the traditional CPPM scheme.What's more,it has good synchronization robustness,reduced error propagation by wrong decision and low bit error rate.

A NEW MODULATION SCHEME FOR IR-UWB COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Impulse Radio Ultra-WideBand (IR-UWB) communication systems. This modulation scheme uses pulses with equal amplitude and different widths to carry different information. The receiver employs differences between similarity coefficients among these pulses to distinguish different information. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that this novel scheme has a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 1.75 dB compared with or- thogonal binary PPM, and has an SNR loss of about 1.4 dB compared with binary PAM. Although both the theoretical analysis and simulations are based on time-hopping multiple access, this modulation scheme can also be applied to other accessing techniques of UWB communication systems.

Performance analysis of a low-complexity nonorthogonal multiple access scheme in visible light communication downlinks using pulse modulations

Although Successive Interference Cancellation(SIC)decoding is widely adopted in Nonorthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)schemes for the recovery of user data at acceptable complexity,the imperfect SIC would cause Error Propagation(EP),which can severely degrade system performance.In this work,we propose an SIC-free NOMA scheme in pulse modulation based Visible Light Communication(VLC)downlinks,including two types of users with different data rate requirements.Low bit-rate users adopt on-off keying,whereas high bit-rate ones use Multiple Pulse Position Modulation(MPPM).The soft decision decoding scheme is exploited by high bit-rate users to decode MPPM signals,which could fundamentally eliminate the detrimental effect of EP;the scheme is also easier and faster to execute compared with the conventional SIC decoding scheme.Expressions of the symbol error rate and achievable data rate for two types of users are derived.Results of the Monte Carlo simulation are provided to confirm the correctness of theoretical results.

Optimal design of basic pulse waveforms for THSS UWB radio systems

Ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) radio, a very promising technique carrying information in very short basic pulses, has properties that make it a viable candidate for short-range wireless communications. In this paper, several short-pulse waveforms based on Gaussian genetic monocycle as well as Gaussian pulse waveform, as candidates of basic UWB pulse waveforms, are firstly proposed and investigated. Their spectrum characteristics, bit transmission rate (BTR), and bit error rate (BER) performance in AWGN channel using time hopping spread spectrum (THSS) and pulse position modulation (PPM) are simulated and evaluated. The numerical results are compared and show that the basic pulse waveforms determine the spectrum characteristics of UWB signals and have much effect on the performance of UWB radio system. The performance of UWB radio system achieved by the proposed basic pulse waveforms is much better than that of UWB radio system realized by other used basic pulse waveforms under the uniform conditions. Also, the polarity of these short basic pulses does not affect the performance of UWB radio system.

Link Budget Design with Performance Evaluation of Tunable Impulse-Based Ultra Wideband to Support the Integration of Wireless Sensing and Identifications Infrastructures

Recently, many studies propose the use of ultra-wideband technology for passive and active radio frequency identification systems as well as for wireless sensor networks due to its numerous advantages. By harvesting these advantages of IR-UWB technology at the physical-layer design, this paper proposes that a cross layer architecture platform can be considered as a good integrator for different wireless short-ranges indoor protocols into a universal smart wireless-tagged architecture with new promising applications in cognitive radio for future applications. Adaptive transmission algorithms have been studied to show the trade-off between different specific QoS requirements, transmission rates and distances at the physical layer level and this type of dynamic optimization and reconfiguration leads to the cross-layer design proposal in the paper. Studies from both theoretical simulation and statistical indoor environments experiments are considered as a proof of concept for the proposed architecture.

用于新型符号的频偏补偿和解调的算法与电路

为提高传统脉冲位置调制(pulse position modulation,PPM)符号的频谱效率,提出了一种新型码片内4-PPM符号调制方法,在实现1 Gbit/s通信速率的同时,又大大减少所需频谱资源。可在解调时,该符号调制的误码率性能受到发射端时钟和接收端本地时钟之间的频率偏移的极大影响。针对此问题,又提出了一种在模拟域对该符号进行频偏补偿,并实现符号同步和高速数据解调的算法与电路。该电路系统通过消除接收数据和本地时钟的初始相差、提取两者的频偏信息、周期性改变本地时钟的瞬时相位3步实现频偏补偿,并同时在第3步利用本地时钟对接收数据进行解调。为提高相位插值器(phase interpolator,PI)的线性度,本文将延迟锁定环与PI相结合。在2π的插值范围内,实现插值区间32个,插值步长992个,分辨率2.016 ps,最大差分非线性(differential nonlinearity,DNL)0.183°,最大积分非线性(integral nonlinearity,INL)0.325°。此外,本文提出的相位控制算法有效避免了由电流毛刺所引起的输出相位突变。电路基于UMC 40 nm CMOS RF LP工艺进行设计与仿真。仿真结果表明:本文所提出的算法与电路,在典型工艺角下,将接收数据和本地时钟间的50×10^(-6)频率偏差度降至1.03×10^(-6),频偏补偿准确度达到97.94%,并实现1 Gbit/s的解调速率。该方法对高速PPM数据同步与解调具有良好的工程应用价值。

一种PMSM位置伺服系统的动态建模与控制

本文根据永磁同步电机(PMSM)的基本电磁关系及其动态数学模型建立了位置伺服控制模型,按照闭环负反馈控制原理,设计了具有电流、速度、位置三闭环的位置控制系统。首先,根据PMSM矢量控制的特性,利用3S/2S和2S/2R的坐标变换理论,建立了位置伺服系统在同步坐标系下的动态数学模型,同时给出了按照转子磁场定向的位置控制策略和算法;其次,研究了基于空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的数字实现,并根据电机的数学模型,在MATLAB/Simulink环境中构建了三环模型,同时搭建了基于DSP实验样机。在仿真和实验中直轴、交轴以及速度和位置均采用PI控制,在控制参数的整定过程中,遵循先内环(电流环),后速度环,再位置环的增量调试原理,实现了同步电机的位置闭环控制;最后,对仿真结果和试验结果进行了对比分析,说明了模型的正确性和有效性。

基于FPGA的室内可见光通信系统设计与实现

可见光通信(Visible Light Communication,VLC)具有通信速率高、绿色环保、安全性高、无需频谱许可等优点,已经成为目前的研究热点。针对可见光通信系统设计复杂及系统通信距离短的问题,文章在接收端加入二级放大电路,进一步改善系统抗干扰能力,同时还研究了室内可见光通信系统的信道模型,并结合高亮发光二极管在室内空间进行了光照强度、接收功率、信噪比及误码率的仿真分析,分析了不同调制方式的抗噪声性能及带宽利用率。将数字信号处理器FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)作为光通信系统的控制芯片,设计了基于2PPM(Pulse-Phase Modulation,PPM)调制的室内可见光通信系统,通过搭建实验平台验证了该方案下的系统通信性能,在通信距离为3.5m时,误码率小于1×10-5,实验结果表明该通信系统具有误码率低、结构简单等优点,满足高性能室内可见光通信系统的要求。

脉冲位置编解码方式映射模型及效率分析

随着石油钻井工程各项技术的飞速发展,MWD、LWD及旋转导向等系统井下测量数据越来越多。为了实现井下测量数据快速有效传输,需优化编码调制方式分析泥浆脉冲信号的解码效率和数据传输速率。通过对比几种常用的编解码方式,可以了解脉冲位置编解码方式的原理、框架结构和编译计算过程。针对此种编码方式,提出了脉冲数K和时间帧数M之间的组合码关系,映射了对应关系的数学模型;并利用数据分析了快型和慢型两种组合方式的差异性,推导了编码效率计算方法;进一步计算分析快型和慢型两种方式的传输速率的差别,最后,通过软件对解码方式进行了实现。

基于深度学习的空间脉冲位置调制多分类检测器

为有效避免最大似然(ML)检测复杂的计算过程,根据空间脉冲位置调制(SPPM)信号的特点,将深度神经网络(DNN)与分步检测相结合,提出了一种基于深度学习的SPPM多分类检测器。在该检测器中,利用DNN建立接收信号与PPM符号间的非线性关系,并以此为准则完成在线接收PPM符号的检测,从而有效避免了对PPM符号的穷搜索检测过程。结果表明,采用本文检测器后,SPPM系统在大幅降低检测复杂度的前提下,取得了近似最优的误比特性能,同时还克服了K均值聚类(KMC)分步分类检测所出现的错误平台效应。当PPM阶数为64时,本文方法较ML检测和线性均衡DNN检测器的计算复杂度分别降低了约95.45%、33.54%。

高速开关阀控位置伺服系统的模式切换控制

针对高速开关阀阀控位置伺服系统在脉宽调制信号驱动下,存在控制精度差的问题,提出了一种“模式切换”算法以提高其控制精度。首先介绍了系统结构与工作原理,并在此基础上建立系统数学模型。分析了四个高速开关阀开、关状态组合形成的七种工作模式,舍弃两种会产生较大流量变化的工作模式,选择剩余的五种工作模式以满足微小位置误差调节的需求。设计了“PID+模式切换”控制器,使用位置误差的PID控制器输出值和主阀两腔压力作为工作模式切换的依据,通过工作模式的实时切换,实现了主阀的高精度位置控制。试验表明在跟踪幅值为4.5 mm,频率为0.5 Hz的正弦轨迹时,主阀最大跟踪误差、平均跟踪误差及标准跟踪误差分别为0.46, 0.08, 0.07 mm,与传统PID控制器相比,所提控制器能够获得良好的位置控制性能,且高速开关阀总的开、关次数也减少了38%。

基于数字锁相环的水下高速光通信解调算法设计实现

为了满足水下高速激光通信技术工程化应用的需要,对水下光信号传输进行了建模仿真,对数字锁相环电路进行了性能分析,设计了一种基于多相位时钟恢复原理的改进型数字锁相环水下光通信系统解调算法,弥补了传统数字锁相环不适用于高速解调的缺点。首先通过滑动均值滤波和自适应阈值判决进行输入数据预处理,提高了系统的信噪比;其次基于改进的多相位数字锁相环法进行数据同步,提高了数据解调的可靠性和准确性。在现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)上完成了算法实现,并基于不同水质和距离进行了系统测试。实验结果表明,基于该解调算法的通信系统,在输入调制信号速率15 Mb/s、误码率10-6条件下,清澈海水水质中的通信距离为20 m,沿海海水水质中的通信距离为10 m,浑浊海水水质中的通信距离为5 m。

结合脉冲位置调制的正交多用户混沌通信系统

提出一种基于Walsh码序列的脉冲位置调制差分混沌键控通信系统(A Pulse Position Modulated Differential Chaotic Keying Communication System Based on Walsh Code Sequences,PPM-DCSK-WC)。利用Walsh码的正交性实现多用户传输,避免了用户间干扰对系统误码性能产生影响,提高系统的数据安全性,也大大提升了系统的传输速率,同时也具备了脉冲位置调制差分混沌键控通信系统(PPM-DCSK)的误码率性能优势。仿真结果表明,在多径瑞利衰落信道上,当误码率水平为10^(-3)时,PPM-DCSK-WC多用户方案的误码率比传统多用户方案提高了4 dB,在高时延扩展信道上性能增益更是能达到6 dB。该系统被认为是一种优秀的多用户短距离无线通信系统。

Gamma-Gamma湍流下新型脉冲位置调制性能分析

为改进脉冲位置调制方式的性能,结合差分脉冲位置调制和多脉冲位置调制的优势,提出一种新型差分脉冲位置调制方式。在给出其符号结构的基础上,分析了其传输容量、带宽需求和功率需求,推导出Gamma-Gamma湍流信道下自由空间光通信系统的平均误时隙率和误包率模型,仿真分析了湍流强度、传输距离和调制阶数对该系统性能的影响,并将其与开关键控和三种脉冲位置调制方式进行比较。理论分析与仿真结果表明,新型差分脉冲调制方式比单脉冲位置调制、差分脉冲位置调制和多脉冲位置调制具有更高的传输容量,比单脉冲位置调制和差分脉冲位置调制具有更低的带宽需求,比多脉冲位置调制和开关键控具有更高的功率利用率和更好的差错性能,而且不需要符号同步,可以简化系统实现的复杂度。

新型SPWPM模式变换器高频链原理分析

根据新型高频链SPWPM变换器的工作原理,建立了SPWPM逆变环节和周波变换环节的数学模型。对两个环节的输出波形进行了数学分析,得到了输出电压波形的解析表达式,揭示了它们的频谱特征。从理论上证明了“SPWPM波包含了SPWM波的全部信息,而不含调制波(基波)频率成分”的结论,及变换器高频链原理的正确性。分析表明该变换器设计思想新颖,易于实现。仿真和实验证明了理论分析是正确的,为深入研究该变换器提供了理论依据。

超宽带无线传输技术

主要介绍超宽带(UWB)无线传输技术的基本原理、特点、关键技术、空间容量等,并对当前的研究成果进行了概况和分析,指出UWB技术作为新兴的无线传输技术,虽具有设备简单,频谱利用率高等诸多优点,但在脉冲信号的产生、信号调制、接收端的信号检测技术等方面仍存在很多问题;与UWB技术相关的标准和规范及相应的物理层、网络层协议的制定仍是UWB商用化的主要障碍。在对UWB技术进行综合分析的基础上,指出UWB商用化面临的主要问题并指明其发展方向。

无线激光通信类脉冲位置调制性能比较

为了比较各种类脉冲位置调制性能,对类脉冲位置调制的编码结构、平均发射功率、带宽需求、传信率、功率谱密度、信道容量等进行了比较,分析了其性能特点及使用场合。结果表明,开关键控调制方式容易实现,但功率利用率低;脉冲位置调制方式提高了功率利用率,但是带宽效率差,同时需要符号同步;数字脉冲间隔调制结构复杂,缩短了符号长度,带宽效率高,不需要符号同步;双头脉冲间隔调制方式提高了带宽效率和传输容量,不需要符号同步,大大简化系统实现复杂度。

可见光通信的间隔多脉冲位置调制

根据室内可见光通信(VLC)的信道传输特性,建立了一种可见光通信系统的链路模型,提出了用于VLC系统的间隔多脉冲位置调制(IMPPM)方案。介绍了IMPPM方案的符号结构,并将该方案与VLC系统的另外两种调制方式,脉冲位置调制(PPM)和多脉冲位置调制(multi-PPM,MPPM)在带宽、功率需求,比特误差率(BER)等方面进行了比较。结果显示:MPPM和IMPPM在信源(M)为3,4,5bit时的带宽需求和功率需求取得了比较好的平衡。当BER达到10-3时,IMPPM接收的光功率比PPM低4dB,比MPPM低2dB;由于IMPPM中相邻两脉冲有时间间隔,所以,其BER性能要优于MPPM。IMPPM用于可见光通信时,其功率需求低于MPPM,抗多径及码间干扰的能力优于PPM和MPPM。