CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC POSITION SERVO SYSTEM WITH GENERALIZED PULSE CODE MODULATION

A hybrid control strategy has been designed and developed for the electro-hydraulic posi-tion servo control system with generalized Pulse code modulation （GPCM）, which is suitable for the area where the work condition is poor and a large flow rate is required. It is difficult to control the GPCM system because the system is discrete. With consideration of the stability and speediness of the GPCM position servo control system, a control strategy is developed through the theoretical and ex-perimental analyses. The control strategy integrates the merits of Bang-Bang control, PID control and fuzzy control. With this hybrid control strategy, the electro hydraulic control system has good per-formances, and the servo control is carried out with GPCM through on-off valves.

Ultra-low power anti-crosstalk collision avoidance light detection and ranging using chaotic pulse position modulation approach

A novel concept of collision avoidance single-photon light detection and ranging（LIDAR） for vehicles has been demonstrated, in which chaotic pulse position modulation is applied on the transmitted laser pulses for robust anti-crosstalk purposes. Besides, single-photon detectors（SPD） and time correlated single photon counting techniques are adapted, to sense the ultra-low power used for the consideration of compact structure and eye safety. Parameters including pulse rate, discrimination threshold, and number of accumulated pulses have been thoroughly analyzed based on the detection requirements, resulting in specified receiver operating characteristics curves. Both simulation and indoor experiments were performed to verify the excellent anti-crosstalk capability of the presented collision avoidance LIDAR despite ultra-low transmitting power.

Chaotic pulse position modulation ultra-wideband system based on particle filtering

Traditional chaotic pulse position modulation(CPPM)system has many drawbacks.It introduces delay into the feedback loop,which will lead to divergence of chaotic map easily.The wrong decision of data will cause error propagation.Mismatch of parameters and synchronization error between the receiver and transmitter will arouse high bit error rate.To solve these problems,a demodulation algorithm of CPPM based on particle filtering is proposed.According to the mathematical model of the system,it tracks the real signal by online separation in demodulation.Simulation results show that the proposed method can track the true signal better than the traditional CPPM scheme.What's more,it has good synchronization robustness,reduced error propagation by wrong decision and low bit error rate.

A NEW MODULATION SCHEME FOR IR-UWB COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Since the poor performance of orthogonal binary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) compared with binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), this paper presents a new modulation scheme named Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Impulse Radio Ultra-WideBand (IR-UWB) communication systems. This modulation scheme uses pulses with equal amplitude and different widths to carry different information. The receiver employs differences between similarity coefficients among these pulses to distinguish different information. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that this novel scheme has a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 1.75 dB compared with or- thogonal binary PPM, and has an SNR loss of about 1.4 dB compared with binary PAM. Although both the theoretical analysis and simulations are based on time-hopping multiple access, this modulation scheme can also be applied to other accessing techniques of UWB communication systems.

Performance analysis of a low-complexity nonorthogonal multiple access scheme in visible light communication downlinks using pulse modulations

Although Successive Interference Cancellation(SIC)decoding is widely adopted in Nonorthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)schemes for the recovery of user data at acceptable complexity,the imperfect SIC would cause Error Propagation(EP),which can severely degrade system performance.In this work,we propose an SIC-free NOMA scheme in pulse modulation based Visible Light Communication(VLC)downlinks,including two types of users with different data rate requirements.Low bit-rate users adopt on-off keying,whereas high bit-rate ones use Multiple Pulse Position Modulation(MPPM).The soft decision decoding scheme is exploited by high bit-rate users to decode MPPM signals,which could fundamentally eliminate the detrimental effect of EP;the scheme is also easier and faster to execute compared with the conventional SIC decoding scheme.Expressions of the symbol error rate and achievable data rate for two types of users are derived.Results of the Monte Carlo simulation are provided to confirm the correctness of theoretical results.

Optimal design of basic pulse waveforms for THSS UWB radio systems

Ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) radio, a very promising technique carrying information in very short basic pulses, has properties that make it a viable candidate for short-range wireless communications. In this paper, several short-pulse waveforms based on Gaussian genetic monocycle as well as Gaussian pulse waveform, as candidates of basic UWB pulse waveforms, are firstly proposed and investigated. Their spectrum characteristics, bit transmission rate (BTR), and bit error rate (BER) performance in AWGN channel using time hopping spread spectrum (THSS) and pulse position modulation (PPM) are simulated and evaluated. The numerical results are compared and show that the basic pulse waveforms determine the spectrum characteristics of UWB signals and have much effect on the performance of UWB radio system. The performance of UWB radio system achieved by the proposed basic pulse waveforms is much better than that of UWB radio system realized by other used basic pulse waveforms under the uniform conditions. Also, the polarity of these short basic pulses does not affect the performance of UWB radio system.

Link Budget Design with Performance Evaluation of Tunable Impulse-Based Ultra Wideband to Support the Integration of Wireless Sensing and Identifications Infrastructures

Recently, many studies propose the use of ultra-wideband technology for passive and active radio frequency identification systems as well as for wireless sensor networks due to its numerous advantages. By harvesting these advantages of IR-UWB technology at the physical-layer design, this paper proposes that a cross layer architecture platform can be considered as a good integrator for different wireless short-ranges indoor protocols into a universal smart wireless-tagged architecture with new promising applications in cognitive radio for future applications. Adaptive transmission algorithms have been studied to show the trade-off between different specific QoS requirements, transmission rates and distances at the physical layer level and this type of dynamic optimization and reconfiguration leads to the cross-layer design proposal in the paper. Studies from both theoretical simulation and statistical indoor environments experiments are considered as a proof of concept for the proposed architecture.

基于DPPM的激光雷达通信测距一体化方案

针对激光雷达系统建设成本高和测量精度低的问题,提出了一种基于差分脉冲位置调制(DPPM)的激光雷达通信测距一体化方案。该方案通过使用DPPM的不同脉冲时隙位置来表示通信和测距帧信息。接收机可以根据脉冲时隙位置解调出通信信号,并通过飞行时间测距模块实现测距功能。此外,为了应对回波信号的低信噪比(SNR)问题,使用脉冲累加算法对回波信号进行组帧处理以提高回波信号的SNR。最终,通过现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)搭建了该通信测距一体化系统并进行了测试。实验结果表明:该系统不仅能在300 cm的范围内实现平均测距误差为±2.04 cm的测距功能,而且还能同时达到5 Mb/s的通信速率。

用于新型符号的频偏补偿和解调的算法与电路

为提高传统脉冲位置调制(pulse position modulation,PPM)符号的频谱效率,提出了一种新型码片内4-PPM符号调制方法,在实现1 Gbit/s通信速率的同时,又大大减少所需频谱资源。可在解调时,该符号调制的误码率性能受到发射端时钟和接收端本地时钟之间的频率偏移的极大影响。针对此问题,又提出了一种在模拟域对该符号进行频偏补偿,并实现符号同步和高速数据解调的算法与电路。该电路系统通过消除接收数据和本地时钟的初始相差、提取两者的频偏信息、周期性改变本地时钟的瞬时相位3步实现频偏补偿,并同时在第3步利用本地时钟对接收数据进行解调。为提高相位插值器(phase interpolator,PI)的线性度,本文将延迟锁定环与PI相结合。在2π的插值范围内,实现插值区间32个,插值步长992个,分辨率2.016 ps,最大差分非线性(differential nonlinearity,DNL)0.183°,最大积分非线性(integral nonlinearity,INL)0.325°。此外,本文提出的相位控制算法有效避免了由电流毛刺所引起的输出相位突变。电路基于UMC 40 nm CMOS RF LP工艺进行设计与仿真。仿真结果表明:本文所提出的算法与电路,在典型工艺角下,将接收数据和本地时钟间的50×10^(-6)频率偏差度降至1.03×10^(-6),频偏补偿准确度达到97.94%,并实现1 Gbit/s的解调速率。该方法对高速PPM数据同步与解调具有良好的工程应用价值。

基于490 nm垂直外腔面发射激光器的长距离水下激光通信系统

水下无线光通信技术为深海勘探和海洋资源开发利用带来了一种效率高且可靠性强的通信新方案.本文采用490 nm垂直外腔面发射激光器作为光源,基于声光外调制技术,采用脉冲位置调制方式(pulseposition modulation,PPM)搭建了长距离水下无线光通信系统.结合光源的优势并经过软判决算法优化PPM解调来提升水下通信性能,采用64 PPM调制,成功实现了96 m的水下传输距离,在50 MHz时隙频率下得到传输的误码率为1.9×10^(-5).同时测量到采用软判决解调相较于硬判决解调在性能增益上有着大约2 dB的提升,验证了软判决算法在提升水下通信性能方面相比硬判决算法的显著优势.

一种PMSM位置伺服系统的动态建模与控制

本文根据永磁同步电机(PMSM)的基本电磁关系及其动态数学模型建立了位置伺服控制模型,按照闭环负反馈控制原理,设计了具有电流、速度、位置三闭环的位置控制系统。首先,根据PMSM矢量控制的特性,利用3S/2S和2S/2R的坐标变换理论,建立了位置伺服系统在同步坐标系下的动态数学模型,同时给出了按照转子磁场定向的位置控制策略和算法;其次,研究了基于空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)的数字实现,并根据电机的数学模型,在MATLAB/Simulink环境中构建了三环模型,同时搭建了基于DSP实验样机。在仿真和实验中直轴、交轴以及速度和位置均采用PI控制,在控制参数的整定过程中,遵循先内环(电流环),后速度环,再位置环的增量调试原理,实现了同步电机的位置闭环控制;最后,对仿真结果和试验结果进行了对比分析,说明了模型的正确性和有效性。

基于FPGA的室内可见光通信系统设计与实现

可见光通信(Visible Light Communication,VLC)具有通信速率高、绿色环保、安全性高、无需频谱许可等优点,已经成为目前的研究热点。针对可见光通信系统设计复杂及系统通信距离短的问题,文章在接收端加入二级放大电路,进一步改善系统抗干扰能力,同时还研究了室内可见光通信系统的信道模型,并结合高亮发光二极管在室内空间进行了光照强度、接收功率、信噪比及误码率的仿真分析,分析了不同调制方式的抗噪声性能及带宽利用率。将数字信号处理器FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)作为光通信系统的控制芯片,设计了基于2PPM(Pulse-Phase Modulation,PPM)调制的室内可见光通信系统,通过搭建实验平台验证了该方案下的系统通信性能,在通信距离为3.5m时,误码率小于1×10-5,实验结果表明该通信系统具有误码率低、结构简单等优点,满足高性能室内可见光通信系统的要求。

脉冲位置编解码方式映射模型及效率分析

随着石油钻井工程各项技术的飞速发展,MWD、LWD及旋转导向等系统井下测量数据越来越多。为了实现井下测量数据快速有效传输,需优化编码调制方式分析泥浆脉冲信号的解码效率和数据传输速率。通过对比几种常用的编解码方式,可以了解脉冲位置编解码方式的原理、框架结构和编译计算过程。针对此种编码方式,提出了脉冲数K和时间帧数M之间的组合码关系,映射了对应关系的数学模型;并利用数据分析了快型和慢型两种组合方式的差异性,推导了编码效率计算方法;进一步计算分析快型和慢型两种方式的传输速率的差别,最后,通过软件对解码方式进行了实现。

新型SPWPM模式变换器高频链原理分析

根据新型高频链SPWPM变换器的工作原理,建立了SPWPM逆变环节和周波变换环节的数学模型。对两个环节的输出波形进行了数学分析,得到了输出电压波形的解析表达式,揭示了它们的频谱特征。从理论上证明了“SPWPM波包含了SPWM波的全部信息,而不含调制波(基波)频率成分”的结论,及变换器高频链原理的正确性。分析表明该变换器设计思想新颖,易于实现。仿真和实验证明了理论分析是正确的,为深入研究该变换器提供了理论依据。

超宽带无线传输技术

主要介绍超宽带(UWB)无线传输技术的基本原理、特点、关键技术、空间容量等,并对当前的研究成果进行了概况和分析,指出UWB技术作为新兴的无线传输技术,虽具有设备简单,频谱利用率高等诸多优点,但在脉冲信号的产生、信号调制、接收端的信号检测技术等方面仍存在很多问题;与UWB技术相关的标准和规范及相应的物理层、网络层协议的制定仍是UWB商用化的主要障碍。在对UWB技术进行综合分析的基础上,指出UWB商用化面临的主要问题并指明其发展方向。

可见光通信的间隔多脉冲位置调制

根据室内可见光通信(VLC)的信道传输特性,建立了一种可见光通信系统的链路模型,提出了用于VLC系统的间隔多脉冲位置调制(IMPPM)方案。介绍了IMPPM方案的符号结构,并将该方案与VLC系统的另外两种调制方式,脉冲位置调制(PPM)和多脉冲位置调制(multi-PPM,MPPM)在带宽、功率需求,比特误差率(BER)等方面进行了比较。结果显示:MPPM和IMPPM在信源(M)为3,4,5bit时的带宽需求和功率需求取得了比较好的平衡。当BER达到10-3时,IMPPM接收的光功率比PPM低4dB,比MPPM低2dB;由于IMPPM中相邻两脉冲有时间间隔,所以,其BER性能要优于MPPM。IMPPM用于可见光通信时,其功率需求低于MPPM,抗多径及码间干扰的能力优于PPM和MPPM。

无线激光通信类脉冲位置调制性能比较

为了比较各种类脉冲位置调制性能,对类脉冲位置调制的编码结构、平均发射功率、带宽需求、传信率、功率谱密度、信道容量等进行了比较,分析了其性能特点及使用场合。结果表明,开关键控调制方式容易实现,但功率利用率低;脉冲位置调制方式提高了功率利用率,但是带宽效率差,同时需要符号同步;数字脉冲间隔调制结构复杂,缩短了符号长度,带宽效率高,不需要符号同步;双头脉冲间隔调制方式提高了带宽效率和传输容量,不需要符号同步,大大简化系统实现复杂度。

不对称电压下PWM整流器的控制策略

在电网对称情况下,传统的脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器控制方式拥有良好的动态和稳态性能,但在不对称电网下存在显著的谐波功率,严重影响PWM整流器输出电压及输入电流品质。通过将不对称电压与电流进行对称分量法分解,提出了在正负序同步坐标变换下,电网正负序电压分别定向的矢量控制策略,来消除功率传输中的波动分量,以实现在电网发生不对称故障时稳定直流母线电压。以此控制策略为基础令负序输入电流为零得到另一控制策略,以实现在电网发生不对称故障时使输入电流正弦。仿真及实验结果验证了2种控制策略的有效性。

电网电压不平衡情况下PWM整流器恒频直接功率控制

恒频直接功率控制(constant switching frequency direct power control,CSF-DPC)具有开关频率固定、动态性能好、系统采样频率较低等优点。电网电压不平衡会在脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)型整流器交流侧产生大量谐波电流,使系统有功功率大幅波动,恶化系统性能。针对上述情况,提出一种新型恒频直接功率控制策略。该策略首先分离出电网电压和电流正、负序分量;然后在正、负序双旋转坐标系下计算瞬时功率与参考值之间的误差,根据误差生成整流器正、负序参考电压;合成后采用空间矢量调制(spacevector modulation,SVM)算法产生整流器电压,对功率进行补偿。该策略可有效抑制交流侧电流谐波,减小系统无功功率直流分量,稳定系统输出的有功功率,改善系统稳态性能。仿真与实验结果证明了该策略的正确性和有效性。

基于K均值聚类的SPPM分步分类检测算法

针对空间脉冲位置调制系统中采用最大似然检测算法时存在计算复杂度高的问题,依据空间脉冲位置调制信号矩阵的特点,提出了一种基于K均值聚类的分步分类检测算法。首先,采用基于信号向量检测算法完成训练样本中光源索引号的检测,利用K均值聚类算法对训练样本进行离线训练得到其质心与调制符号间的映射关系。然后,以该映射关系为准则完成在线调制符号的实时检测,以穷搜索方式检测出光源索引号。最后,采用蒙特卡罗方法研究了聚类数目、初始化次数等关键参数对系统误比特率性能的影响。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够取得近似最大似然算法的误比特率性能,同时大幅度降低了信号检测的计算复杂度。与线性译码算法相比,所提算法还可适用于探测器数目小于光源数目的通信场景。