This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for marit...This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for maritime cargo shipped from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. Two main types of cargo are predicted to pass through the Arctic passages in the future. First, about 10 million t of liquefied natural gas will be delivered from Russia and the Nordic Arctic to the Far East by 2030. Second, there will be two-way trade flow of containerized cargo from the Far East to Europe and the United States through the North- east, Central and Northwest Passages. This will relieve pressure on present routes from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. If Arctic navigation is technically possible in all seasons and shipping costs fall to those of ordinary ships, then assuming an equal share of shipping volume with the traditional canal routes, the maximum container freight passing through the Arctic passages by 2030 will be approximately 17.43 million TEUs （Twenty-foot Equivalent Units） per year, which is 85% of the volume transported on traditional canal routes in 2011. We conclude that there will be large-scale gas transportation through the Northeast Passage in the near future, and transit shipping across the Arctic will focus more on container transportation. The differences in shipping costs between Arctic routes and traditional canal routes are also compared.展开更多
Fluidization mechanism of liquefiable cargo is similar to that of sand liquefaction.But the cargo is subjected to more complex external loads during sea transportation.Based on two different constitutive models,numeri...Fluidization mechanism of liquefiable cargo is similar to that of sand liquefaction.But the cargo is subjected to more complex external loads during sea transportation.Based on two different constitutive models,numerical predictions were conducted in this study.And the effects of ship motions including motion acceleration,frequency and relative density of cargo on fluidization was investigated.By comparing with available the experimental data,validation is carried out.Results show that the roll motion is the most important one related to cargo fluidization.When the motion acceleration increases,the possibility of cargo fluidization increases.The higher of the cargo density the lower of the possibility of cargo fluidization.The effect of frequency on cargo fluidization is not unique,and it exists a critical value.The fluidization behavior of cargo could be described both by UBCSAND and FINN models.And the comparisons were discussed and summed up.展开更多
With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity a...With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity and randomness,not only affects the stability of the ship but also generates a huge impact force on the wall of the tank.To further investigate liquid tank sloshing,a comprehensive review is given on the research process of the most focused subjects of liquid sloshing.Summarizing the existing research will help to identify issues in the current field and provide useful references.The methods for investigating sloshing,the research progress and the situations worldwide are discussed.The advantages and defects of experiments and numerical simulations are also explored.The problems which need to be explored in the future are subsequently proposed.展开更多
针对海运货物邮件实体识别中存在识别精度不高、实体边界确定困难的问题,提出一种结合深度学习与规则匹配的识别方法。其中:深度学习方法是在BiLSTM-CRF(Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory-Conditional Random Field)模型的基础上...针对海运货物邮件实体识别中存在识别精度不高、实体边界确定困难的问题,提出一种结合深度学习与规则匹配的识别方法。其中:深度学习方法是在BiLSTM-CRF(Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory-Conditional Random Field)模型的基础上添加词的字符级特征,并融入多头注意力机制以捕获邮件文本中长距离依赖;规则匹配方法则根据领域实体特点制定规则来完成识别。根据货物邮件特点将语料进行标注并划分为:货物名称、货物重量、装卸港口、受载期和佣金五个类别。在自建语料中设置多组对比实验,实验表明所提方法在海运货物邮件实体识别的F1值达到79.3%。展开更多
为实现深远海石油的安全高效运输,开发了具有全新船型的深远海多功能原油转驳船(Cargo Transfer Vessel,CTV)。根据原油转驳船工作海域的环境特点,使用有限元计算软件包Sesam,建立了有限元分析结构模型,采用了等效设计波方法对该类型船...为实现深远海石油的安全高效运输,开发了具有全新船型的深远海多功能原油转驳船(Cargo Transfer Vessel,CTV)。根据原油转驳船工作海域的环境特点,使用有限元计算软件包Sesam,建立了有限元分析结构模型,采用了等效设计波方法对该类型船只进行频域水动力分析,并对主要负载进行长期预测,然后将波浪载荷施加于结构模型中进行强度校核。通过校核不同工况下原油转驳船的屈服强度、屈曲强度,并基于谱疲劳分析与子模型技术对易于产生疲劳破坏的节点进行疲劳分析,优化了船体设计结构。计算分析结果表明:原油转驳船的设计强度与疲劳寿命均满足DNV的规范要求,载荷下船体结构应力均低于320 MPa,具有足够的承载能力。通过添加水密补板,优化后的舷侧肋位处纵骨过梁孔有效提高了疲劳寿命,对后续系列船的设计与校核具有一定参考价值。展开更多
为在保证货主满意度的同时尽可能地控制航运成本,在考虑北极东北航线气象条件和自愿速度损失的基础上,建立北极东北航线航速优化模型,通过带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)和...为在保证货主满意度的同时尽可能地控制航运成本,在考虑北极东北航线气象条件和自愿速度损失的基础上,建立北极东北航线航速优化模型,通过带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)和逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)筛选出最佳折中解。选取北极东北航线沿线重要港口进行案例分析,结果表明:当航运成本降低时,货主总体满意度会下降,船公司可以根据各货主的重要性调整航速,以平衡航运成本和货主满意度;对比考虑自愿速度损失与无自愿速度损失的北极东北航线航速优化模型发现,两者的优化结果存在显著差异,自愿速度损失直接影响航速优化模型的准确性;航速优化对时间窗较为敏感,较大的时间窗可以为减速和提高船舶能效提供更大的机会空间。展开更多
乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》为笔者在英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆发现的清代广州贸易中文档案。现将档案全文与英国东印度公司档案BL:IOR/G/12/62,Imports Canton 1777进行勘比,进而对上述中文档案的有关史料进行考证和笺注。...乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》为笔者在英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆发现的清代广州贸易中文档案。现将档案全文与英国东印度公司档案BL:IOR/G/12/62,Imports Canton 1777进行勘比,进而对上述中文档案的有关史料进行考证和笺注。经过比对,笔者推断乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》与英国东印度公司档案中公布的1777年“各欧洲国家进口广州货物记录”均系抄自粤海关的原始数据,二者有共同来源。此外,这份中文档案不仅能完整反映乾隆四十二年广州进口贸易的具体情况,还能为研究西文商品名称的汉译提供绝佳参照。展开更多
基金supported by the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of China"Seaworthy Evaluation of the Arctic Sea Route,Research and Demonstration of Channel Forecast(Grant no.201205007-6)" the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programmes(Grant no.CHINARE2013-04-05-01)
文摘This paper investigates the sources of goods being shipped through the Arctic passages, and trade generated in the Arc- tic, including oil and gas exploitation. Furthermore, it assesses the present situation for maritime cargo shipped from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. Two main types of cargo are predicted to pass through the Arctic passages in the future. First, about 10 million t of liquefied natural gas will be delivered from Russia and the Nordic Arctic to the Far East by 2030. Second, there will be two-way trade flow of containerized cargo from the Far East to Europe and the United States through the North- east, Central and Northwest Passages. This will relieve pressure on present routes from the Far East to Northwestern Europe and North America. If Arctic navigation is technically possible in all seasons and shipping costs fall to those of ordinary ships, then assuming an equal share of shipping volume with the traditional canal routes, the maximum container freight passing through the Arctic passages by 2030 will be approximately 17.43 million TEUs （Twenty-foot Equivalent Units） per year, which is 85% of the volume transported on traditional canal routes in 2011. We conclude that there will be large-scale gas transportation through the Northeast Passage in the near future, and transit shipping across the Arctic will focus more on container transportation. The differences in shipping costs between Arctic routes and traditional canal routes are also compared.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51809237)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities(Grant No.2021J017).
文摘Fluidization mechanism of liquefiable cargo is similar to that of sand liquefaction.But the cargo is subjected to more complex external loads during sea transportation.Based on two different constitutive models,numerical predictions were conducted in this study.And the effects of ship motions including motion acceleration,frequency and relative density of cargo on fluidization was investigated.By comparing with available the experimental data,validation is carried out.Results show that the roll motion is the most important one related to cargo fluidization.When the motion acceleration increases,the possibility of cargo fluidization increases.The higher of the cargo density the lower of the possibility of cargo fluidization.The effect of frequency on cargo fluidization is not unique,and it exists a critical value.The fluidization behavior of cargo could be described both by UBCSAND and FINN models.And the comparisons were discussed and summed up.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52271271)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0104500)+1 种基金“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2022C03023)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ17E090003)。
文摘With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity and randomness,not only affects the stability of the ship but also generates a huge impact force on the wall of the tank.To further investigate liquid tank sloshing,a comprehensive review is given on the research process of the most focused subjects of liquid sloshing.Summarizing the existing research will help to identify issues in the current field and provide useful references.The methods for investigating sloshing,the research progress and the situations worldwide are discussed.The advantages and defects of experiments and numerical simulations are also explored.The problems which need to be explored in the future are subsequently proposed.
文摘针对海运货物邮件实体识别中存在识别精度不高、实体边界确定困难的问题,提出一种结合深度学习与规则匹配的识别方法。其中:深度学习方法是在BiLSTM-CRF(Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory-Conditional Random Field)模型的基础上添加词的字符级特征,并融入多头注意力机制以捕获邮件文本中长距离依赖;规则匹配方法则根据领域实体特点制定规则来完成识别。根据货物邮件特点将语料进行标注并划分为:货物名称、货物重量、装卸港口、受载期和佣金五个类别。在自建语料中设置多组对比实验,实验表明所提方法在海运货物邮件实体识别的F1值达到79.3%。
文摘为实现深远海石油的安全高效运输,开发了具有全新船型的深远海多功能原油转驳船(Cargo Transfer Vessel,CTV)。根据原油转驳船工作海域的环境特点,使用有限元计算软件包Sesam,建立了有限元分析结构模型,采用了等效设计波方法对该类型船只进行频域水动力分析,并对主要负载进行长期预测,然后将波浪载荷施加于结构模型中进行强度校核。通过校核不同工况下原油转驳船的屈服强度、屈曲强度,并基于谱疲劳分析与子模型技术对易于产生疲劳破坏的节点进行疲劳分析,优化了船体设计结构。计算分析结果表明:原油转驳船的设计强度与疲劳寿命均满足DNV的规范要求,载荷下船体结构应力均低于320 MPa,具有足够的承载能力。通过添加水密补板,优化后的舷侧肋位处纵骨过梁孔有效提高了疲劳寿命,对后续系列船的设计与校核具有一定参考价值。
文摘为在保证货主满意度的同时尽可能地控制航运成本,在考虑北极东北航线气象条件和自愿速度损失的基础上,建立北极东北航线航速优化模型,通过带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-Ⅱ)和逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)筛选出最佳折中解。选取北极东北航线沿线重要港口进行案例分析,结果表明:当航运成本降低时,货主总体满意度会下降,船公司可以根据各货主的重要性调整航速,以平衡航运成本和货主满意度;对比考虑自愿速度损失与无自愿速度损失的北极东北航线航速优化模型发现,两者的优化结果存在显著差异,自愿速度损失直接影响航速优化模型的准确性;航速优化对时间窗较为敏感,较大的时间窗可以为减速和提高船舶能效提供更大的机会空间。
文摘乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》为笔者在英国利兹大学布劳瑟顿图书馆发现的清代广州贸易中文档案。现将档案全文与英国东印度公司档案BL:IOR/G/12/62,Imports Canton 1777进行勘比,进而对上述中文档案的有关史料进行考证和笺注。经过比对,笔者推断乾隆四十二年《各国夷船入口货总簿》与英国东印度公司档案中公布的1777年“各欧洲国家进口广州货物记录”均系抄自粤海关的原始数据,二者有共同来源。此外,这份中文档案不仅能完整反映乾隆四十二年广州进口贸易的具体情况,还能为研究西文商品名称的汉译提供绝佳参照。
