Semi-implantable device based on multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster for continuous monitoring of physiological ions

Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.

Working Condition Real-Time Monitoring Model of Lithium Ion Batteries Based on Distributed Parameter System and Single Particle Model

Lithium ion batteries are complicated distributed parameter systems that can be described preferably by partial differential equations and a field theory. To reduce the solution difficulty and the calculation amount, if a distributed parameter system is described by ordinary differential equations （ODE） during the analysis and the design of distributed parameter system, the reliability of the system description will be reduced, and the systemic errors will be introduced. Studies on working condition real-time monitoring can improve the security because the rechargeable LIBs are widely used in many electronic systems and electromechanical equipment. Single particle model （SPM） is the simplification of LIB under some approximations, and can estimate the working parameters of a LIB at the faster simulation speed. A LIB modelling algorithm based on PDEs and SPM is proposed to monitor the working condition of LIBs in real time. Although the lithium ion concentration is an unmeasurable distributed parameter in the anode of LIB, the working condition monitoring model can track the real time lithium ion concentration in the anode of LIB, and calculate the residual which is the difference between the ideal data and the measured data. A fault alarm can be triggered when the residual is beyond the preset threshold. A simulation example verifies that the effectiveness and the accuracy of the working condition real-time monitoring model of LIB based on PDEs and SPM.

GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ^(12)C beam cancer therapy

In comparison with conventional radiotherapy techniques,12C beam therapy has its significant advantage in cancer treatment because the radiation dose are mostly concentrated near the Bragg peak region and damage to normal tissues along the beam path is thus greatly reduced.In-beam PET provides a way to monitor dose distribution inside human body since several kinds of positron-emitting nuclei are produced through the interaction between 12C beam and body matters.In this work,we study the quantitative relationship between the spatial location of the Bragg peak and the spatial distribution of positrons produced by positron-emitting nuclei.Monte Carlo package GATE is used to simulate the interactions between the incident 12C beam of different energies(337.5,270.0 and 195.0 MeV/u) and various target matters(water,muscle and spine bone).Several data post-processing operations are performed on the simulated positron-emitting nuclei distribution data to mimic the impacts of positron generation and finite spatial resolution of a typical PET imaging system.Simulation results are compared to published experimental data for verification.In all the simulation cases,we find that 10C and 11C are two dominant positron-emitting nuclei,and there exists a significant correlation between the spatial distributions of deposited energy and positrons.Therefore,we conclude that it is possible to determine the location of Bragg peak with 1 mm accuracy using current PET imaging systems by detecting the falling edge of the positron distribution map in depth direction.

WTV2.0:A high-coverage plant volatilomics method with a comprehensive selective ion monitoring acquisition mode

Volatilomics is essential for understanding the biological functions and fragrance contributions of plant volatiles.However,the annotation coverage achieved using current untargeted and widely targeted volatomics(WTV)methods has been limited by low sensitivity and/or low acquisition coverage.Here,we introduce WTV 2.0,which enabled the construction of a high-coverage library containing 2111 plant volatiles,and report the development of a comprehensive selective ion monitoring(cSIM)acquisition method,including the selection of characteristic qualitative ions with the minimal ion number for each compound and an optimized segmentation method,that can acquire the smallest but sufficient number of ions for most plant volatiles,as well as the automatic qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of cSIM data.Importantly,the library and acquisition method we developed can be self-expanded by incorporating compounds not present in the library,utilizing the obtained cSIM data.We showed that WTV 2.0 increases the median signal-to-noise ratio by 7.6-fold compared with the untargeted method,doubled the annotation coverage compared with the untargeted and WTV 1.0 methods in tomato fruit,and led to the discovery of menthofuran as a novel flavor compound in passion fruit.WTV 2.0 is a Python library with a user-friendly interface and is applicable to profiling of volatiles and primary metabolites in any species.

A non-invasive method for gastrointestinal parameter monitoring

AIM: To propose a new, non-invasive method for monitoring 24-h pressure, temperature and pH value in gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: The authors developed a miniature, multifunctional gastrointestinal monitoring system, which comprises a set of indigestible biotelemetry capsules and a data recorder.The capsule, after ingested by patients, could measure pressure, temperature and pH value in the gastrointestinal tract and transmit the data to the data recorder outside the body through a 434 MHz radio frequency data link. After the capsule passed out from the body, the data saved in the recorder were downloaded to a workstation via a special software for further analysis and comparison.RESULTS: Clinical experiments showed that the biotelemetry capsules could be swallowed by volunteers without any difficulties. The data recorder could receive the radio frequency signals transmitted by the biotelemetry in the body. The biotelemetry capsule could pass out from the body without difficulties. No discomfort was reported by any volunteer during the experiment. In vivo pressure and temperature data were acquired.CONCLUSION: A non-invasive method for monitoring 24-h gastrointestinal parameters was proposed and tested by the authors. The feasibility and functionality of this method are verified by laboratory tests and clinical experiments.

Optical broadband monitoring of thin film growth

This contribution is focused on applications of spectroscopic methods for the precise control of deposition processes. In this context, the present study gives a review on selected combinations of conventional and ion deposition techniques with different broadband online spectrophotometric systems. Besides two systems operating in the VIS- and NIR-spectral range in combination with ion processes, also a monochromator system developed for conventional deposition processes in the DUV/VUV-spectral range will be discussed. The considerations will be concluded by a comparison of the major advantages of the specific combinations of processes with online monitoring concepts and by a brief outlook concerning future challenges.

液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法测定烟用香精香料中9种有机酸的含量

采用液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法定性定量检测烟用香精香料中苹果酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、酒石酸、己二酸、乙酰丙酸等9种有机酸。取0.1 g烟用香精香料样品,加入20 mL水,超声提取10 min。取上清液1 mL,过0.22μm水相滤膜后用水稀释10倍,按照优化的仪器工作条件测定。在Synergi Hydro-RP色谱柱上用不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液的混合液梯度洗脱分离各有机酸后,用电喷雾离子源负离子模式电离,多反应监测-信息依赖采集-增强子离子(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式扫描,MRM模式定量,保留时间结合EPI标准品二级质谱库定性。结果表明:9种有机酸的质量浓度均在一定范围内和定量子离子峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.003~0.018 mg·L^(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为73.3%~112%,日内(n=6)、日间(n=5)精密度试验所得测定值的相对标准偏差分别不大于10%和不大于15%;方法用于142种烟用香精香料样品的分析,检出率较高的4种有机酸为乳酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。

发电厂脱硫系统氯离子在线监测技术研究及应用

氯离子是发电厂脱硫系统的关键运行指标,快速准确监测脱硫浆液氯离子对脱硫设备防腐、运行工艺优化调整、脱硫废水排放及节水均具有重要意义。通过样品预处理的方法研发出了一种高效复合介质滤芯,及适用于脱硫系统样品预处理的方法,并进行了实验室实验;对脱硫系统氯离子在线测量方法原理进行研究,研制出了一种固态聚合膜氯离子选择性电极,研究出了一种发电厂脱硫系统氯离子在线监测技术,并进行了实验室准确性实验以及现场工业应用试验。结果表明:该脱硫系统氯离子在线监测技术能够实现脱硫浆液中氯离子的连续准确在线监测,大大减少了工作量,提高氯离子测量准确性,对实现脱硫系统设备的经济、智能化运行具有重要意义。

用于锂电池监测的声学和光学传感技术研究进展

锂电池技术的快速发展使其成为了应用最广泛的电化学储能器件。然而电池性能提升的同时也带来了日益凸显的安全问题,需要开发先进的监测传感技术获取电池内部的物理、化学信息,以更好地理解电池的内在物理化学机制并评估电池状态。基于此,本文首先介绍了电池无损监测技术的发展历史,并重点介绍了基于声学和光学的电池无损检测技术。声学传感技术只需在电池外部布设声学探头,即可获得其内部结构变化、产气等信息,是一种理想的无损监测方式。光学传感凭借其传感器体积小、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰等优势,可以植入到电池内部,获取电池全生命周期内部热学、力学、化学等多种传感信息。通过这些先进的传感技术,能够最大限度地评估和预测电池的健康状态、工况可靠性、剩余寿命和安全性。最后本文讨论了下一代智能电池开发应用面临的机遇与挑战。

锂离子电池内部信号监测技术概述

锂离子电池在便携式电子产品、储能电站和电动汽车等领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,在电池容量不断上升的同时,锂离子电池的热失控风险也在增加,进而带来安全问题。现有的电池管理系统通过监测电池表面温度以及端电压来判断电池的健康状况。但是研究发现由于电池组件的多层结构和较差的导热性,电池内部温度、气体等很难散发到外部,导致对电池表面温度等外部信号的监测存在时效性差的问题。因此人们尝试直接监测电池内部温度、压力、应变和气体等信号的变化情况,实现及时预警电池热失控,增强锂离子电池在不同应用场景下的安全性。本文在理解热失控机制的基础上,概述了可以监测电池内部信号的方法。总结了锂离子电池在发生热失控时涉及的一系列放热反应,及在这些反应过程中电池内部温度、压力和气体等信号的变化情况。对于能够直接监测电池内部信号的技术,主要介绍了电化学阻抗分析和内置传感器监测,为以后优化监测方法提供参考信息。其中,将传感器植入到电池内部在实际应用中具有良好的前景。为了进一步提高锂离子电池系统的安全性,本文还对未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。

射频负离子源中性束关键参数监控报警系统研制

为有效解决射频负离子源实验运行中关键参数监控不集中、报警不及时等问题,设计并开发了基于实验物理与工业控制系统(EPICS)架构的射频负离子源中性束关键参数监控报警系统。通过Phoebus集成开发平台实现监控报警界面的开发,基于Channel Access(CA)协议和s7nodave设备驱动模块实现EPICS与LabVIEW、PLC的跨平台集成。系统目前已在射频负离子源测试实验中正常运行,实现对中性束注入关键参数的可视化实时监控、故障报警和故障追踪,为射频负离子源中性束实验的正常运行提供了可靠的保障。

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定野生菌中的15种蘑菇毒素

目的基于线性离子阱质谱的多重反应监测-信息依赖采集-增强子离子扫描(multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion scan,MRM-IDA-EPI)二级谱图筛查方法,建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)定量检测和定性筛查野生菌中15种蘑菇毒素。方法野生菌样本通过甲酸-甲醇-水-乙腈(1:40:40:19,V:V:V:V)混合溶液超声提取,QuEChERS试剂提取净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS和MRM-IDA-EPI方法对15种蘑菇毒素进行定量分析和定性筛查。结果通过野生菌样本前处理方法和色谱条件优化,对15种蘑菇毒素进行0.04、0.10和0.40 mg/kg三水平加标回收实验,方法准确度为76.6%~109.2%,精密度为0.3%~7.6%;15种蘑菇毒素的线性范围为10~1000μg/L,线性相关系数(r)在0.9980~0.9994之间;其中α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、γ-鹅膏毒肽、光盖伞素和鹅膏蕈氨酸的方法检出限(limits of detection,LODs)和定量限(limits of quantification,LOQs)分别为10μg/kg和30μg/kg,二羟鬼笔毒肽、羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽、羧基三羟鬼笔毒肽、毒蝇碱、蝇蕈醇、甲基裸盖菇素、鹿花菌素、脱磷酸裸盖菇素、奥来毒素和鬼伞菌素的LODs和LOQs分别为20μg/kg和60μg/kg,采用QuEChERS前处理方法对野生菌样本进行处理,样本基质效应系数K值在0.91~1.08之间。结论所建立的野生菌样本前处理方法对15种蘑菇毒素的定量测定无基质干扰,15种蘑菇毒素的UPLC-MS/MS和MRM-IDA-EPI分析方法结果准确、重现性好、灵敏度高,该方法适用于有毒野生菌引起的食源性中毒定量分析和定性筛查。

炼油厂冷凝水多参数离子在线监测系统设计与实现

炼油厂的冷凝水腐蚀性离子需要监测,结合离子选择性电极测量原理,设计了一种多参数离子在线监测系统。从测量原理、工艺流程、测量及控制单元、系统软件平台方面介绍了该系统的设计方案,根据应用需求,测试了该系统的测量精度和整体性能,结果表明:该系统具有测量精度高、稳定性好等优势,可以更快速、更精准地指导设备防腐管理,降低设备腐蚀安全风险,具有推广应用价值。

GC-MS/SIM法同时测定山苍子精油中主要成分的绝对含量

为了探究山苍子精油中主要成分的绝对含量,建立了一种气相色谱-质谱/选择离子扫描(gas chromatography mass spectrometry/selective ion monitoring,GC-MS/SIM)方法,对其中主要成分(α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇、香茅醛、柠檬醛)进行了定性和定量分析。该方法简便、高效,在25 min内山苍子精油中各成分分离良好。各成分在一定范围内均线性关系良好(R2>0.999),精密度、稳定性及重复性均符合要求,平均加标回收率为93.40%~107.35%。结果表明:该方法符合方法学验证要求,可用于山苍子精油的多成分含量测定,并为其质量评价提供依据。

现代环境监测中分析化学方法应用探究

随着环境破坏问题的日益加剧以及人们环保意识的不断提升,现代环境监测方法备受重视。分析化学方法作为重要的环境监测手段,准确性高、兼容性强、可监测多种物质,在现代环境监测中应用广泛。本文分析了离子色谱法、分光光度法与流动注射分析法以及气相色谱-质谱法的实际应用情况,以期更好地提升环境监测水平。

柱后衍生离子色谱法在线监控自来水中铝离子含量

本文建立了连续在线监控自来水中铝离子含量的方法,确立最优色谱条件:以Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac^(TM) CS10色谱柱作为分析柱,0.75 mol·L^(−1)盐酸溶液为淋洗液(流速1.0 mL·min^(−1)),0.3 mmol·L^(−1)铁钛试剂(Trion)+3 mol·L^(−1)乙酸铵为柱后衍生试剂(流速0.5 mL·min^(−1),柱温30℃);进样体积100μL,柱后衍生管体积750μL,紫外检测器波长310 nm.在最优色谱条件下,10 min即可完成样品分析,标准曲线为Y=9.8232 X+0.5982,相关系数(R)为0.9995,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.43%(n=10),检出限(LOD)为1.42μg·L^(−1),样品加标回收率在97.0%—103.2%之间.本方法检测自来水中铝离子结果稳定、准确.

环境监测中离子色谱法的应用分析

随着环境污染问题的日益严重,有效的环境监测技术成为当代科学研究的重要内容。离子色谱法作为一种高效、准确的分析技术,在环境监测中扮演着重要角色。本文深入探讨离子色谱法在水质监测、土壤分析及大气污染物检测中的应用,并对其技术优势与面临的挑战进行全面分析。通过实例分析,展示离子色谱法在环境监测中的有效性,同时指出其应用过程中的局限性和未来发展方向。研究结果表明,离子色谱法是环境监测中不可或缺的技术之一,对于推动环境保护和进行污染控制具有重要意义。

离子色谱技术在水环境检测中的应用思考

随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,水污染问题日益严峻,对人类健康和生态环境构成了巨大威胁,所以需要对水环境进行监测。离子色谱技术作为一种高效、灵敏的分析方法,在水环境质量监测中显示出不可替代的作用。本文综合探讨了离子色谱技术的基本原理,并深入分析了其在水环境检测中的广泛应用,如常规阴阳离子、有机污染物、重金属的检测等。同时,文章也详细讨论了离子色谱技术的优势。离子色谱技术在实际应用中也存在着一些挑战和问题,例如高昂的设备与耗材成本、部分离子的检测效果不理想以及样品前处理步骤的复杂性等。针对这些问题,本研究提出了一系列改进措施,旨在进一步提升离子色谱技术在水环境监测中的效能和准确性。

水离子积对pH值在线监测的影响

介质pH值是炼化生产的重要过程参数之一,普遍采用在线方式进行监测,并用实验室测量数据对在线测量设备进行标定,这种做法忽略了在线测量温度与实验室温度的差异以及测量时电极种类的差异,存在导致生产工艺控制偏差,进而造成生产浪费或产品品质问题的风险。针对此情况,进行了理论分析及理论分析结论的实验室和现场试验验证。结果表明,升温对pH值小于5水溶液的pH值影响非常小,升温对pH值大于9水溶液的pH值影响较大。饱和甘汞电极为参比的pH电极测量值与理论值基本一致,差分电极的测定数据与理论数据不一致。

GC-MS/MS法测定阿加曲班中基因毒性杂质NDMA和NDEA

目的 采用GC-MS/MS法建立一种同时测定阿加曲班中N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)和N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)含量的方法。方法 以Agilent DB-WAX UI(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)气相色谱柱分离,离子源为电子轰击电离源(EI),在多反应离子监测(MRM)模式下检测,按外标法建立标准曲线测定阿加曲班中两种杂质的含量。结果 NDMA和NDEA分别在19.20~128.00 ng·mL^(-1)和5.36~35.73 ng·mL^(-1)与峰面积线性关系良好;NDMA和NDEA的定量限分别为19.20 ng·mL^(-1)和5.36 ng·mL^(-1),检测限分别为6.40 ng·mL^(-1)和1.79 ng·mL^(-1)。NDMA和NDEA低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为110.2%、107.8%、107.2%(RSD为3.2%,n=3)和114.7%、107.3%、107.6%(RSD为5.6%,n=3)。结论 该方法操作简单,能够有效测定阿加曲班中NDMA和NDEA的含量。