Adaptive saturated tracking control for solid launch vehicles in ascending based on differential inclusion stabilization

The large-range uncertainties of specific impulse,mass flow per second,aerodynamic coefficients and atmospheric density during rapid turning in solid launch vehicles(SLVs) ascending leads to the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference one.One of the traditional trajectory tracking methods is to observe the uncertainties by Extended State Observer(ESO) and then modify the control commands.However,ESO cannot accurately estimate the uncertainties when the uncertainty ranges are large,which reduces the guidance accuracy.This paper introduces differential inclusion(DI) and designs a controller to solve the large-range parameter uncertainties problem.When above uncertainties have large ranges,it can be combined with the ascent dynamic equation and described as a DI system in the mathematical form of a set.If the DI system is stabilized,all the subsets are stabilized.Different from the traditional controllers,the parameters of the designed controller are calculated by the uncertain boundaries.Therefore,the controller can solve the problem of large-range parameter uncertainties of in ascending.Firstly,the ascent deviation system is obtained by linearization along the reference trajectory.The trajectory tracking system with engine parameters and aerodynamic uncertainties is described as an ascent DI system with respect to state deviation,which is called DI system.A DI adaptive saturation tracking controller(DIAST) is proposed to stabilize the DI system.Secondly,an improved barrier Lyapunov function(named time-varying tangent-log barrier Lyapunov function) is proposed to constrain the state deviations.Compared with traditional barrier Lyapunov function,it can dynamically adjust the boundary of deviation convergence,which improve the convergence rate and accuracy of altitude,velocity and LTIA deviation.In addition,the correction amplitudes of angle of attack(AOA) and angle of sideslip(AOS) need to be limited in order to guarantee that the overload constraint is not violated during actual flight.In this paper,a fixed time adaptive saturation compensation auxiliary system is designed to shorten the saturation time and accelerate the convergence rate,which eliminates the adverse effects caused by the saturation.Finally,it is proved that the state deviations are ultimately uniformly bounded under the action of DIAST controller.Simulation results show that the DI ascent tracking system is stabilized within the given uncertainty boundary values.The feasible bounds of uncertainty is broadened compared with Integrated Guidance and Control algorithm.Compared with Robust Gain-Scheduling Control method,the robustness to the engine parameters are greatly improved and the control variable is smoother.

Robust Attitude Control for Reusable Launch Vehicles Based on Fractional Calculus and Pigeon-inspired Optimization

In this paper, a robust attitude control system based on fractional order sliding mode control and dynamic inversion approach is presented for the reusable launch vehicle(RLV)during the reentry phase. By introducing the fractional order sliding surface to replace the integer order one, we design robust outer loop controller to compensate the error introduced by inner loop controller designed by dynamic inversion approach. To take the uncertainties of aerodynamic parameters into account,stochastic robustness design approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation and Pigeon-inspired optimization is established to increase the robustness of the controller. Some simulation results are given out which indicate the reliability and effectiveness of the attitude control system.

Hierarchical structured robust adaptive attitude controller design for reusable launch vehicles

Reentry attitude control for reusable launch vehicles （RLVs） is challenging due to the characters of fast nonlinear dy- namics and large flight envelop. A hierarchical structured attitude control system for an RLV is proposed and an unpowered RLV con- trol model is developed. Then, the hierarchical structured control frame consisting of attitude controller, compound control strategy and control allocation is presented. At the core of the design is a robust adaptive control （RAC） law based on dual loop time-scale separation. A radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） is implemented for compensation of uncertain model dynamics and external disturbances in the inner loop. And then the robust op- timization is applied in the outer loop to guarantee performance robustness. The overall control design frame retains the simplicity in design while simultaneously assuring the adaptive and robust performance. The hierarchical structured robust adaptive con- troller （HSRAC） incorporates flexibility into the design with regard to controller versatility to various reentry mission requirements. Simulation results show that the improved tracking performance is achieved by means of RAC.

Design of Neural Network Variable Structure Reentry Control System for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A flight control system is designed for a reusable launch vehicle with aerodynamic control surfaces and reaction control system based on a variable-structure control and neural network theory.The control problems of coupling among the channels and the uncertainty of model parameters are solved by using the method.High precise and robust tracking of required attitude angles can be achieved in complicated air space.A mathematical model of reusable launch vehicle is presented first,and then a controller of flight system is presented.Base on the mathematical model,the controller is divided into two parts:variable-structure controller and neural network module which is used to modify the parameters of controller.This control system decouples the lateraldirectional tunnels well with a neural network sliding mode controller and provides a robust and de-coupled tracking for mission angle profiles.After this a control allocation algorithm is employed to allocate the torque moments to aerodynamic control surfaces and thrusters.The final simulation shows that the control system has a good accurate,robust and de-coupled tracking performance.The stable state error is less than 1°,and the overshoot is less than 5%.

Adaptive fault-tolerant control of heavy lift launch vehicle via differential algebraic observer

在微分代数学的框架的一个新奇适应差错容忍的控制计划为重电梯发射车辆(HLLV ) 的态度控制被建议。由使用完全数学的转变， HLLV 的 decoupled 输入产量代表被导出，显示三个 decoupled 秒顺序系统，即，沥青，偏航并且卷隧道。基于数字微分器的一种新类型，一个微分代数学的观察员(DAO ) 为估计系统状态和概括骚乱被建议，包括各种各样的骚乱和添加剂差错转矩。由 DAO 开车，有骚乱赔偿的三个改进 proportional-integral-differential (PID ) 控制器为沥青被设计，偏航并且卷控制。在靠近环的系统的信号一致地被保证最终是的所有由 Lyapunovs 间接方法的利用跳了。有说服力的数字模拟显示建议控制计划在面对参量的不安，外部骚乱，吵闹的贪污，和致动器差错完成高效是成功的。

Spin-controlled directional launching of surface plasmons at the subwavelength scale

In this paper, we demonstrate a spin-controlled directional launching of surface plasmons at the subwavelength scale.Based on the principle of optical spin＇s effect for the geometric phase of light, the nanostructures were designed. The inclination of the structures decides the spin-related geometric phase and their relative positions decide the distance-related phase. Hence, the propagation direction of the generated surface plasmon polaritons（SPPs） can be controlled by the spin of photons. Numerical simulations by the finite difference time domain（FDTD） method have verified our theoretical prediction. Our structure is fabricated on the Au film by using a focused ion beam etching technique. The total size of the surface plasmon polariton（SPP） launcher is 320 nm by 180 nm. The observation of the SPP launching by using scanning near-field optical microscopy is in agreement with our theory and simulations. This result may provide a new way of spin-controlled directional launching of SPP.

基于FPGA的车载发控计算机的设计与实现

车载发控计算机既要求可靠性高,又要求低成本,需要在整机设计、机械结构设计、电路结构分解、接口设计与实现、元器件选型等方面协同设计。兼顾考虑低成本与高可靠要求,提出一种基于DSP和FPGA的低成本车载发控计算机的设计思路,DSP实现控制算法,FPGA实现接口数据转换与传输。发控计算机采用一种便于生产和快速维修的车载嵌入式计算机结构,具备较高的实时数据采集处理、多通道数字和模拟信号隔离采集、大FIFO深度串行数据缓冲以及防雷通信接口等能力,满足车载领域应用要求。

Compensated acceleration feedback based active disturbance rejection control for launch vehicles

In this paper, the attitude tracking and load relief control problems against wind disturbances and uncertain aerodynamics as well as the engine thrust of launch vehicles are studied.Firstly, a framework of Compensated Acceleration Feedback based Active Disturbance Rejection Control(CAF-ADRC) is established to achieve both desired attitude tracking and load relief performances. In particular, the total disturbance that includes the effects caused by both aerocoefficient perturbations and disturbances is estimated by constructing an Extended State Observer(ESO) to achieve attitude tracking. Furthermore, combined with the normal acceleration due to the engine thrust, the accelerometer measurement is also compensated to enhance the load relief effect.Secondly, the quantitative analysis of ESO and the entire closed-loop system are studied. It can be concluded that the desired attitude tracking and load relief performances can be achieved simultaneously under the proposed approach. Besides, tuning laws of the proposed approach are systematically given, which are divided into ESO, Proportional Derivative(PD) and Compensated Acceleration Feedback(CAF) modules. Moreover, the performances under CAF-ADRC approach can be better than those under CAF based PD(CAF-PD) approach by tuning load relief gain.Finally, the approach presented is applied to a typical control problem of launch vehicles with wind disturbances and parameter uncertainties.

考虑推力损失的运载火箭主动段容错控制

运载火箭上升段易出现推力下降等动力系统故障,传统的控制方法在干扰性较大场合难以满足高精度、高稳定的控制需求。本文进行了运载火箭自适应增广控制与模糊PD控制方法的研究,并分析两者的控制特性;提出一种基于模糊规则的动态切换控制算法,通过计算自适应PD控制与模糊PD控制的输出量加权,得到系统的最优控制方案;将控制力矩重构与动态切换控制算法结合,进行火箭容错控制研究。结果表明,基于模糊规则的动态切换控制算法能有效提高姿态控制品质,相比于其他控制方法,偏航角最大偏差减小20%以上,系统响应时间至少快15%,且控制过程中未出现振荡。

水下运载器动力学仿真以及串级控制器参数优化

为了让水下运载器能够更好完成潜射无人机的跨介质机动,基于回转体结构以及ROV(Remote Operated Vehicle)驱动模式设计一种具有动力的潜射无人机水下运载器。根据该运载器的外形结构和驱动模式特点,对其进行动力学建模并设计一种串级控制器控制该运载器的六自由度运动参数,利用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真验证,最后利用Isight优化软件对该运载器的串级控制器参数进行优化,分别利用自适应DOE优化算法和Evol优化算法进行优化计算,经过优化后的串级控制器在六自由度上的轨迹跟踪效果均有提升,其中Evol优化算法优化效果更好,计算成本更小。

面对称运载火箭优势面滚转迎风技术

针对面对称运载火箭飞行中俯仰、偏航通道控制力不匹配问题,提出通过姿态滚转控制调整迎风面以减小最大飞行摆角的控制技术,称为滚转迎风(bank-to-wind,BTW)技术。重点研究了BTW控制的离线法,推导了BTW控制滚动程序角理论值的解析解,证明了该理论值的偏差与飞行姿态偏差是同阶小量。提出带权重的傅里叶级数拟合算法,对滚动程序角进行修正,以符合工程应用的可行性。开展六自由度飞行动力学仿真,分析BTW控制对控制力、飞行气动载荷和滚动程序角跟踪品质的影响,验证BTW控制的有效性。比对不同拟合基频的仿真结果得出结论:拟合频率过高将影响控制品质,从工程应用角度看滚动程序角的“光滑性”比“拟合性”更重要。

垂发冷弹射导弹四推冲器转弯动力学研究

针对四推冲器转弯控制技术与其他垂发冷弹射导弹转弯控制技术存在较大差异的问题,建立了导弹的转弯段线运动方程、姿态运动方程和待转信息方程;设计了转弯时序,通过引入预估模型及相应判据设计了转弯控制策略;并基于上述策略开展了参数匹配研究;通过简易装置实现了弹体轴线的大范围调节。通过仿真算例验证了所提出参数匹配关系以及转弯控制策略的有效性。

运载火箭自适应增广控制参数设计及稳定性裕度分析

针对运载火箭主动飞行段的强鲁棒姿态控制系统设计要求,提出自适应增广控制器(adaptive augmenting controller,AAC)的参数设计方法以及稳定性裕度分析方法。首先,针对传统运载火箭建立了小扰动线性化方程,推导了传递函数,并基于特征点参数设计了比例微分(proportional-derivative,PD)控制器及校正网络。然后,开展了AAC设计,给出调节参数的具体设计方法和准则。为了评估加入AAC之后整个控制系统的稳定性,基于正弦分析法推导了AAC的正弦响应模型,从而可评估系统的稳定性。最后,在多种干扰条件下完成了六自由度(six degree of freedom,6-DOF)的仿真分析,证明了AAC的有效性,同时也获得了AAC+PD控制系统的幅值裕度和相位裕度。仿真结果表明,该方法能够反映实际系统的稳定性,具有一定的工程指导意义。

自适应增广控制频域分析与飞行试验

本文聚焦运载火箭自适应增广控制频域分析问题。首先,通过对控制器结构的简化,降低其非线性,同时构造单输入单输出环节,便于频域分析;之后,利用描述函数和常微分方程近似解析解的思想,对自适应增广控制进行了频域分析,获得了频域模型;最后,基于可重复使用验证飞行器对自适应增广控制器进行了飞行测试。飞行结果显示频域模型正确且精度较高,能够获得更好的控制效果。

运载火箭中频交流供电线路的远程漏电检测技术研究

为提升运载火箭测试效率,优化射前测发流程,改变传统手动断开电缆进行漏电检测的方法,面向运载火箭远程漏电检测需求,开展了运载火箭中频交流供电线路的远程漏电检测技术研究,保持原有箭地供电线路,对漏电检测电路进行设计及精度计算分析,并采取自检测等设计提高系统的可靠安全性。经试验验证,该系统满足在线连续漏电检测不少于24h,精准漏电检测范围为500kΩ~50MΩ,漏电检测精度为±10%,具有高可靠、高精度、高效率等特点,并成功应用于大型低温运载火箭的测发流程中,对于提升运载火箭自动化测试水平、实现前端无人值守具有重要意义。

CAN总线在运载火箭控制系统中的应用分析

随着总线技术发展以及“航班化运输”对低成本、高可靠电气系统的需求日益增强,现场总线(Field Bus)逐渐受到航天领域的青睐。CAN总线作为应用最广泛的现场总线之一,已在导弹和火箭中有一定研究与应用,考虑到运载火箭与导弹的不同,针对CAN总线在运载火箭控制系统中的应用进行阐述。分析了研究必要性,并分别给出了适用于中大型、小型运载火箭的典型CAN拓扑,相应介绍了CAN中继技术以及CAN总线重构技术,随后结合某新一代运载火箭总线实际传输数据码流进行了CAN总线效率与负载率计算,并与同等条件下1553B总线进行了比较,其结果可为运载火箭电气系统设计人员提供更直接的参考。

基于IPV6和云服务的异地远程测发控系统设计

为布局未来低成本、高密度、强管控的航天测试和发射场景,降低人员的保障成本,提高测试和发射效率,依托高带宽和广覆盖的互联网资源,设计了一种基于IPV6和云服务的异地远程测发控系统,适用于信息公开的商业发射任务,包括核心测发网络、云服务网络和异地测发网络;技术人员可通过异地测发网络远程接入核心测发网络执行测试和发射任务;在IPV4网络环境下,由云服务网络实现核心测发网络和异地测发网络的数据转发;在IPV6网络环境下,云服务网络为核心测发网络和异地测发网络搭建网络隧道,使二者可以直联通信,从而节约云服务网络资源;经过测试,两种网络环境均实现了远程通信功能,IPV6网络环境具有更低的传输延时和云服务器资源占用,证明系统具有搭建成本低和使用地点灵活的优点,能够降低任务保障成本。

基于单点顶推的双幅六跨刚构桥一次性合龙关键技术研究

依托全国首例双幅六跨连续刚构桥合龙项目,阐明了一次性合龙施工过程的单点顶推技术要点。针对主桥顶推施工难点,从局部构造和整体受力方面进行了优化,保证了顶推过程的可控性。在现场施工重难点梳理的基础上,针对合龙前的合龙温度选择、测量监控以及合龙过程中挂篮吊架设置、平衡配重、顶推布置、锁定、体系转换等关键技术严格把关,保证一次性合龙施工的可靠性,可为类似双幅多跨连续刚构桥合龙施工提供解决方案。

运载火箭一级加泄连接器自动控制技术研究

运载火箭一级加泄连接器是实现一级贮箱推进剂加注与泄回的核心设备,针对当前国内一级连接器主要采用人工对接的情况,对气动驱动的加泄连接器的自动控制技术进行研究;分析了连接器机构的结构与对接脱落的主要步骤,设计采用PLC组合、直流电源、传感器供电组合等硬件系统对连接器配气台的传感器参数进行采集,对电磁阀进行控制以驱动机构运动;设计控制软件,对基础数据进行分类构建,并基于面向对象思想设计多粒度层次的流程步骤,通过嵌套组合不同粒度的步骤实现复杂的控制逻辑,采用xml文件描述流程步骤;介绍了自动对接、脱落控制流程的流程内容;经测试自动对接流程与自动脱落流程所用时间分别为133 s与97 s,满足使用要求,且已在某型号多次任务中进行了应用,有力地支撑了型号任务的发展。

基于IGBT时序控制的磁阻发射无级调速实现

为了实现磁阻发射无级调速威力可控,构建了IGBT时序控制无反拉力作用的二级磁阻发射电路,研究了电枢在线圈内弹道的速度-时间曲线,采用最小二乘原理对速度-时间曲线进行了分级多项式拟合;基于电枢终点效应及电枢飞行阻力系数,构建了弹丸飞行方程组及电枢出口速度的数值推导求解方法;当电枢目标出口速度小于第一级线圈所能达到的最大速度时,第二级线圈不工作,通过第一级速度时间拟合函数求得IGBT的通断时序来实现电枢目标出口速度;当电枢目标出口速度高于第一级线圈最高速度时,第一级IGBT按最大速度设置通断时序,通过第二级速度时间拟合函数求得IGBT的通断时序来实现电枢目标出口速度;最后通过实验对测试结果与理论值进行比较与分析,得出了通过选择正确的IGBT通断时序可以实现磁阻发射无级调速的结论。