Preoperative imaging in staghorn calculi, planning and decision making in management of staghorn calculi

Objective:Staghorn calculi present a particular and challenging entity of stone morphology.Treatment is associated with lower stone-free rates and higher complication rates compared to non-staghorn stones.In this review we looked for the most relevant data on preoperative imaging and access planning to help decision making for percutaneous surgery with this complex condition.Methods:We conducted a PubMed search of publications in the past 2 decades that include relevant information on the planning for management of staghorn stones.Non-contrast computerized tomography(NCCT)is indeed the standard imaging tool for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL);additional tools such as three-dimensional computed tomography(CT)reconstruction of the staghorn calculus may help plan access in complex cases.Ultrasound guided percutaneous access may be considered for staghorn stones when planning upper pole access in kidney malposition or complex intrarenal anatomy or with complex body habitus.Wideband doppler ultrasound and real-time virtual sonography can assist.New technologies to improve kidney access such as Uro Dyna-CT or electromagnetic sensor have been reported,but have not shown utilization in staghorn cases.Staghorn morphometry-based prediction algorithms may predict the number of tract(s)and stage(s)for PCNL monotherapy.Lower pole access can be equally effective as upper pole when planning for staghorn and complex stones,with significantly less complications rate;Stone-Tract length-Obstruction-Number of involved calyces-Essence of stone density(STONE)nephrolithometry seems to be the best system to predict outcomes of PCNL in staghorn cases.There is a growing trend of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)in concordance with PCNL to treat larger stones.Conservative management of staghorn calculi is an undesired option,but can be an alternative for a carefully selected group of high-risk patients.Conclusion:Staghorn stones may lead to deterioration of renal function and life-threatening urosepsis.This entity should be managed aggressively with planning ahead for surgery using the different tools available as the cornerstone for a successful outcome.

Thinking of Countryside Image and New Countryside Planning with the Renovation Planning of Dazhuang Village as a Study Case

With the construction of new socialist countryside as the background, theories of constructing new countryside were discussed in this study, and approaches to construct new socialist countryside with Chinese countryside landscape images were explored.

CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimensional con-formal radiation therapy, were studied. Each patient underwent twice sequential planning CT scan, i.e., at pre-treatment, and at mid-treatment for field reduction planning. Three treatment plans were established in each patient: treatment plan A was based on the pre-treatment planning CT scans for the first course of treatment, plan B on the mid-treatment planning CT scans for the second course of treatment, and treatment plan F on the fused images for the whole treatment. The irradiation doses received by organs at risk in the whole treatment with treatment A and B plans were estimated by the plus of the parameters in treatment plan A and B, assuming that the parameters involve the different tissues (i.e. V20=AV20+BV20), or the same tissues within an organ (i.e. Dmax=ADmax+BDmax). The assessment parameters in the treatment plan F were calculated on the basis of the DVH of the whole treatment. Then the above assessment results were compared. Results: There were marked differ-ences between the assessment results derived from the plus of assessment parameters in treatment plan A and B, and the ones derived from treatment plan F. Conclusion: When a treatment plan is altered during the course of radiation treatment, image fusion technique should be performed in the establishment of a new one. The estimation of the assessment parameters for the whole treatment with treatment plan A and B by simple plus, is inaccurate.

AUV Local Path Planning Based on Acoustic Image Processing

The forward-looking image sonar is a necessary vision device for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles （AUV）. Based on the acoustic image received from forward-looking image sonar, AUV local path is planned. When the environment model is made to adapt to local path planning, an iterative algorithm of binary conversion is used for image segmentation. Raw data of the acoustic image, which were received from serial port, are processed. By the use of ＂Mathematic Morphology＂ to filter noise, a mathematic model of environment for local path planning is established after coordinate transformation. The optimal path is searched by the distant transmission （Dt） algorithm. Simulation is conducted for the analysis of the algorithm. Experiment on the sea proves it reliable.

Research on Planning and Design of Landscape Nursery of Hohhot City in China Based on Quickbird Image

Based on Quickbird images, 1:1,000 topographic map, hydrologic data, soil distribution, regulation of plant diseases and insect pests, and materials of commonly used local tree species, 188.3 hm 2 of production land and 45.6 hm 2 of non production land have been divided on the land covering an area of 234 hm 2 . Production land has been divided into eight functional areas and non production land has been classified into five types. And 47 species have been planned in nursery seedlings area and Quickbird image has been well applied in the planning and design of landscape nursery.

Discussion the Tourist Image Planning of the World Cultural Heritage

The world＇ s cultural heritage is a top tourist resource when it is used for tourism development. Domestic scholars are concerned about the tourism image more than ten years. However, there is little research on tourism image of the world cultural heritage. The tourism image of the world cultural heritage influence tourists＇ expectations - experience satisfaction; the recognition to the cultural heritage of the destination resident; the tourist type of the world cultural heritage Site, and the showing effect of the cultural heritage tourists. Consider the world cultural heritage tourism image connotation, it includes four parts： subject, object, body and mediator. It has the four characteristics： the main audience of the tourism image is cultural tourists, and the tourism image can be used as against marketing tool of the cultural heritage sites, and the tourism image highlight the cultural heritage of authenticity and uniqueness.

Geo-Parks Planning Based on Land Coordination Analysis——A Case Study of World Geo-Park of Yuntai Mountain

By taking the World Geo-Park of Yuntai Mountain for example,based on its present land using,interpretation of its remote sensing images,and systematic analysis by MAPGIS,the authors analyzed the coordination between land use and park construction in the study area,proposed suggestions for moderate adjustment of the original land structure to control the scale of construction land,protect and expand ecological land use,geological heritages and landscape land use.All land uses should be comprehensively coordinated,and the role of land use planning of the scenic area as a coordinator should be stressed.Moreover,results of the re-investigation should be properly utilized to optimize the new round of planning,particular land value of the scenic area should be highlighted,so as to form the benign circulation between new human activities and eco-environment,provide a new concept and approach for the sustainable development of the geo-park.

Tourism Image Plan for Wunvfeng National Forest Park

After the introduction of tourist resources in Wunvfeng National Forest Park, the paper had planed its overall image from the perspectives of concept design, visual identity, behavioral norms and audio identity. The slogan of Wunvfeng National Forest Park had been identified as "tour of nature and mythology-Wunvfeng", and the park's emblem, symbolic mascots, spokesman of tourism image and tourist souvenirs had been set, so as to better display tourist advantages of Wunvfeng National Forest Park and create more economic and social benefits.

Incremental value of magnetic resonance imaging in the advanced management of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a major public health burden throughout the world.The high incidence of prostate cancer,combined with earlier detection and downstaging at the time of diagnosis,and the slow natural progression and biological heterogeneity of the disease,has made its management a complex and controversial issue.There is growing demand for patient-specific therapies that can minimize treatment morbidity while maximizing treatment benefits.There are a number of clinical parameters and clinical nomograms to help with the choice of treatment.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a technique which makes safer,more individualized therapies possible due to high spatial resolution,superior contrast resolution,multiplanar capability,and a large field of view.Other MRI techniques such as MR spectroscopic imaging,dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI or perfusion MRI,and diffusion-weighted imaging complement MRI by reflecting tissue biochemistry,Brownian motion of water molecules,and capillary wall permeability,respectively.This editorial review highlights the incremental value of MRI in the advanced management of prostate cancer to non-invasively improve cancer staging,biologic potential,treatment planning,therapy response,local recurrence,and to guide target biopsy for clinical suspected cancer with previous negative biopsy.Finally,some future prospects for MRI in prostate cancer management are given.

Advantages of preoperative planning using computed tomography scan for treatment of malleolar ankle fractures

Malleolar ankle fractures have been classified using plain radiographs,and there is no consensus regarding the role of computed tomography(CT)scans in preoperative planning.We analyzed critical aspects,such as limits of standard radiographs,types of injury,classification methods and cost/benefit evaluations.CT scans allow a 3 D analysis of the fracture to be obtained and consequently assess the indication for surgical procedure,surgical access and the type of fixation devices required.This exam is useful for detecting lesions that may go unnoticed on radiographs and will help surgeons to clarify the pathoanatomy of ankle fractures.According to Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association(AO/OTA)classification,CT scan is recommended in medial malleolar fractures with vertical rim,type 44 B fractures with posterior malleolar involvement and all type 44 C fractures(according to AO/OTA).Also Tillaux-Chaput fractures(43-B1 according to AO/OTA),malleolar fractures in the presence of distal tibial fractures(43 according to AO/OTA)and distal tibia fractures in adolescents should be studied with CT scans.

Research of UAV Flight Planning Parameters

UAV remote sensing as a digital aerial photography, not only has some basic photogrammetry features, but also has some other features. In this paper, aim at the characteristics of UAV remote sensing, begin with image data acquisition, the various parameter setting in the route planning were introduced, some of the principle was analyzed, the design of control points was described, and some of the considerations when laid control points were summarized.

Application of A* Algorithm for Real-time Path Re-planning of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle Avoiding Underwater Obstacles

This paper describes path re-planning techniques and underwater obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicle(USV) based on multi-beam forward looking sonar(FLS). Near-optimal paths in static and dynamic environments with underwater obstacles are computed using a numerical solution procedure based on an A* algorithm. The USV is modeled with a circular shape in 2 degrees of freedom(surge and yaw). In this paper, two-dimensional(2-D) underwater obstacle avoidance and the robust real-time path re-planning technique for actual USV using multi-beam FLS are developed. Our real-time path re-planning algorithm has been tested to regenerate the optimal path for several updated frames in the field of view of the sonar with a proper update frequency of the FLS. The performance of the proposed method was verified through simulations, and sea experiments. For simulations, the USV model can avoid both a single stationary obstacle, multiple stationary obstacles and moving obstacles with the near-optimal trajectory that are performed both in the vehicle and the world reference frame. For sea experiments, the proposed method for an underwater obstacle avoidance system is implemented with a USV test platform. The actual USV is automatically controlled and succeeded in its real-time avoidance against the stationary undersea obstacle in the field of view of the FLS together with the Global Positioning System(GPS) of the USV.

规划引领下参与式影像路径研究——以西安纺织城四棉社区《纺城录》为例

参与式影像是理解场所、获得认知的重要媒介,有助于提高社区参与积极性、丰富规划互动,拓展规划工具。以西安纺织城四棉社区参与式影像《纺城录》的拍摄、社区参与、规划探索为例,探究规划语境中参与式影像的拍摄(包括培训、访谈、拍录、剪辑等内容)、展示传播、多主体交互和规划响应逻辑。探讨参与式影像介入城市规划的技术要素和关键环节。通过实证研究认为:参与式影像在社区参与、规划调查、分析以及策略生成中具有正向反馈价值;作为一种规划工具,可以辅助规划师、设计师等深入理解他者的日常生活和场所精神;作为获得认知体验的重要媒介,有助于提高公众参与规划的积极性、辅助规划决策。

认知众包模式下的总体城市意象特色分析方法与广州市实践

引入“认知众包”这一概念,以社交媒体数据为信息抓手,以广州市为分析对象,逐级阐释“理论探析—信息提炼—转译分析”的意象特色解析流程:通过意象特色属性与社媒数据的特征拟合,构建场景特色与攻略特色结合的数字化总体城市意象特色体系;以可意象性数字量化为技术主轴,提出众包型意象特色的信息提炼框架,搭建从网络素材到认知信息再到意象要素的提炼途径;将要素频次作为统计归纳的基础,从强度、等级、空间分布等方面对意象特色进行整合剖析,得到广州市三能级交互的意象特色体系。同时,捕捉到意象特色在新方法的促进下形成的变化模式、创新动力和问题体现等情况,构建一个非介入式的公众认可的广州城市特色体系,实现可读、可看、可感知的意象分析再创新。

基于图像识别仿生木纹的三维打印路径规划方法

针对传统三维打印采用的诸如网格、三角等均匀同构介观结构填充存在结构效率低、与承载零件应力场不协调等问题,受自然生长的木纹可提高木材整体性能的启发,提出基于图像识别仿生木纹的三维打印路径规划方法,旨在借鉴木材的纤维排布以改善零件的机械性能。通过木材铣削分层,依次提取各层图像木纹并生成对应打印路径,并逐层打印出仿生木纹试件。拉伸试验结果表明:相比同质量的网格填充、三角填充、直线填充三种传统均匀同构填充试件,基于仿生木纹的非均匀异构打印试件最大拉伸载荷分别提高了115.03%、72.89%、64.39%,证明了基于仿生木纹的非均匀介观填充结构能够显著提高打印件拉伸强度。

虚实坐标智能匹配与自适应三维轨迹规划

针对数字孪生增材修复任务中,物件仿真与真实坐标对应困难、三维轨迹误差较大的问题,提出虚实坐标智能匹配与自适应三维轨迹规划方法。采用图像分割方法获取实际场景下物件的分割图像,通过最小外接矩形预估物件真实坐标,仿真端据此执行旋转与平移操作,调整仿真物件的模型位置,实现坐标智能匹配;为最小化虚实坐标误差,设计基于Attention的多尺度残差UNet图像分割模型,利用多尺度残差模块获取物件多尺度特征,通过Attention策略增强网络对位置信息的描述。三维轨迹规划部分,设计融合特征高度的自适应分层算法,减少分层高度偏移,缩减阶梯误差;根据分层结果进行轮廓提取、填充,生成三维轨迹。结果表明,坐标匹配误差小于1mm,三维修复轨迹规划质量较高。

三维桡骨成角楔形截骨术前自动规划算法

针对桡骨成角畸形,仅凭经验很难找到准确的截骨位置,为此提出一种三维(3D)桡骨成角楔形截骨术前自动规划算法,以精确定位具体截骨位置并计算出最佳复位角度。首先,以补偿差异的对侧桡骨镜像模型为参考模板,计算骨畸形区域;其次,基于关节解剖区域的权重配准桡骨远端关节,创建旋转轴方向向量,通过三次样条插值法求解XOZ平面的畸形轮廓曲线,确定复位旋转轴方位;最后,利用单目标优化算法优化迭代,计算最优的截骨位置和复位角度,自动生成楔形截骨矫形术前计划。选择6例桡骨成角实例,以外科医生在三维空间手动截骨矫形规划方法作为实验对照组,对比关节解剖区域的配准精度。仿真结果表明,与Miyake等提出的外科医生手动截骨复位方法相比,所提算法获得的关节解剖区域的配准均方根误差(RMSE)减小0.09~0.42 mm;与Fürnstahl等提出的自动规划方法相比,所提算法可明确楔形类型,临床可行性更高。

基于改进YOLOv8n-seg的蟹塘水草区域分割与定位方法

目前蟹塘内水草清理以人工作业为主,劳动强度大,作业效率低,自动水草清理船能大幅降低劳动强度,提高作业效率,而确定蟹塘水草分布是规划水草清理船高效作业路径的关键基础。针对无人机采集的蟹塘水草图像中水草与岸边植被相似性高、难以准确区分等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv8n-seg的蟹塘水草区域分割与定位方法。改进模型从降低模型大小和提高召回率的角度出发,首先基于RT-DETR(real-timedetectiontransformer)的HGNetv2(hierarchical graph network)轻量化网络结构重设主干特征提取网络,缩减模型体积;其次以Efficient Rep轻量化结构为基准重构颈部网络,在降低参数量的同时增强模型的多尺度特征融合能力;接着在特征提取层引入SegNext注意力机制,加强模型对蟹塘水草区域的敏感度。为了消除模型在识别过程中产生的冗余区域,进一步提高分割精度,采用二值化处理对分割结果进行优化,并结合图像处理算法对水草区域进行面积筛选;经过坐标转换后得到精确水草轮廓经纬度坐标。试验结果表明:改进模型对蟹塘水草具有良好的区分度和分割效果,其参数量和计算量分别为1.49 M和8.4 GFLOPs,召回率和平均精度均值分别为91.5%和95.6%,与原YOLOv8n-seg模型相比,模型体积减小了49.7%,分割速度提升了32.3%。在坐标转换试验中,水草定位精度平均误差为0.22 m,验证了改进模型能够满足蟹塘水草区域分割与定位要求。研究结果为后续水草清理船自动作业路径规划研究提供参考。

遥感影像路径规划中A*算法优化研究

针对在高分辨率遥感影像上进行路径规划时所面临的算法搜索范围大,效率低且转折点较多等问题,提出一种基于A*算法的全局路径规划算法。在原始A*算法的启发函数部分引入余弦函数,减少冗余节点的搜索过程,缩小算法搜索节点的范围,提升算法运行效率;设计拐点优化方案,减少规划路径中不必要的拐点数,提升路径规划结果的平滑性。为验证改进方法的有效性,在Matlab软件中进行仿真实验,分析原始A*算法和改进后A*算法的搜索节点范围与路径中拐点数量,并在遥感影像的二值地图中进行真实路径规划对比实验,分析路径长度与运行时间。实验数据表明,改进后算法的扩展节点减少30%以上,非必要拐点数减少35%以上,路径规划长度缩短10.1%,运行时间减少10.7%,提升了寻求最优路径的效率。

镇村布局规划实施效果评价方法研究

开展镇村布局规划实施效果评价,可以为决策优化和方案调整提供科学依据。本文结合高分辨率遥感影像与国土三调数据,通过面向对象变化检测方法,提取集聚提升类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、拆迁撤并类村庄的建设用地变化图斑,在两期建设用地图斑的基础上,构建建设用地变化量与紧凑度指标,开展村庄建设进程和村庄形态的分析评价,并以盱眙县穆店镇为例,对2019—2022年近期规划的四类村庄进行方法验证,为不同村庄的发展提供适宜的规划建议。