Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and...Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and disadvantages in different operational environments.This paper uses the M/M/1 and M/M/2 queues to study the impact of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion on the average queue length.Closed-form solutions for the average M/M/2 queue length are derived.Computational examples illustrate how the average queue length changes with the strength of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion.Finally,several conjectures are made in the paper.展开更多
(Aim)To make a more accurate and precise COVID-19 diagnosis system,this study proposed a novel deep rank-based average pooling network(DRAPNet)model,i.e.,deep rank-based average pooling network,for COVID-19 recognitio...(Aim)To make a more accurate and precise COVID-19 diagnosis system,this study proposed a novel deep rank-based average pooling network(DRAPNet)model,i.e.,deep rank-based average pooling network,for COVID-19 recognition.(Methods)521 subjects yield 1164 slice images via the slice level selection method.All the 1164 slice images comprise four categories:COVID-19 positive;community-acquired pneumonia;second pulmonary tuberculosis;and healthy control.Our method firstly introduced an improved multiple-way data augmentation.Secondly,an n-conv rankbased average pooling module(NRAPM)was proposed in which rank-based pooling—particularly,rank-based average pooling(RAP)—was employed to avoid overfitting.Third,a novel DRAPNet was proposed based on NRAPM and inspired by the VGGnetwork.Grad-CAM was used to generate heatmaps and gave our AI model an explainable analysis.(Results)Our DRAPNet achieved a micro-averaged F1 score of 95.49%by 10 runs over the test set.The sensitivities of the four classes were 95.44%,96.07%,94.41%,and 96.07%,respectively.The precisions of four classes were 96.45%,95.22%,95.05%,and 95.28%,respectively.The F1 scores of the four classes were 95.94%,95.64%,94.73%,and 95.67%,respectively.Besides,the confusion matrix was given.(Conclusions)The DRAPNet is effective in diagnosing COVID-19 and other chest infectious diseases.The RAP gives better results than four other methods:strided convolution,l2-norm pooling,average pooling,and max pooling.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on various methods of wavelet transformation for electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, there are very few studies reporting characteristics of multi-scale phase waves ...BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on various methods of wavelet transformation for electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, there are very few studies reporting characteristics of multi-scale phase waves during epileptic discharge.OBJECTIVE: To extract multi-scale phase average waveforms from childhood absence epilepsy EEG signals between time and frequency domains using wavelet transformation, and to compare EEG signals of absence seizure with pre-epileptic seizure and normal children, and to quantify multi-scale phase average waveforms from childhood absence epilepsy EEG signals. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The case-comparative experiment was performed at the Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, Tianjin Medical University from August 2002 to May 2005. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 15 patients with childhood absence epilepsy from the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were enrolled in the study. The patients were not administered anti-epileptic drugs or sedatives prior to EEG testing. In addition, 12 healthy, age- and gender-matched children were also enrolled.METHODS: EEG signals were tested on 15 patients with childhood absence epilepsy and 12 normal children. Epileptic discharge signals during clinical and subclinical seizures were collected 10 and 20 times, respectively. The collected EEG signals were treated with wavelet transformation to extract multi-scale characteristics during absence epilepsy seizure using a conditional sampling method. Multi-scale phase average waveforms were collected using a conditional phase averaging technique. Amplitude of phase average waveform from EEG signals of epilepsy seizure, subclinical epileptic discharge, and EEG signals of normal children were compared and statistically analyzed in the first half-cycle.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multi-scale wavelet coefficient and the evolution of EEG signals were observed during childhood absence epilepsy seizures using wavelet transformation. Multi-scale phase average waveforms from EEG signals were observed using a conditional sampling method and phase averaging technique.RESULTS: Multi-scale characteristics of EEG signals demonstrated that 12-scale (3 Hz) rhythmical activity was significantly enhanced during childhood absence epilepsy seizure and co-existed with background structure (〈1 Hz, low frequency discharge). The phase average wave exhibited opposed phase abnormal rhythm at 3 Hz. Prior to childhood absence epilepsy seizure, EEG detected opposed abnormal a rhythm and 3 Hz composition, which were not detected with traditional EEG. Compared to EEG signals from normal children, epileptic discharges from clinical and subclinical childhood absence epilepsy seizures were positive and amplitude was significantly greater (P〈0.05).CONCLUSION: Wavelet transformation was used to analyze EEG signals from childhood absence epilepsy to obtain multi-scale quantitative characteristics and phase average waveforms. Multi-scale wavelet coefficients of EEG signals correlated with childhood absence epilepsy seizure, and multi-scale waveforms prior to epilepsy seizure were similar to characteristics during the onset period. Compared to normal children, EEG signals during epilepsy seizure exhibited an opposed phase model.展开更多
This paper describes a numerical simulation of thermal discharge in the cooling pool of an electrical power station, aiming to develop general-purpose computational programs for grid generation and flow/pollutant tran...This paper describes a numerical simulation of thermal discharge in the cooling pool of an electrical power station, aiming to develop general-purpose computational programs for grid generation and flow/pollutant transport in the complex domains of natural and artificial waterways. Three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, k-ε, k- w, and k- w, were used to close the quasi three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The k- w model was recently established by the authors and is still in the testing process. The general-purpose computational programs and turbulence models will be involved in a software that is under development. The SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equation) algorithm and multi-grid iterative method are used to solve the hydrodynamic fundamental governing equations, which are discretized on non-orthogonal boundary-fitted grids with a variable collocated arrangement. The results calculated with the three turbulence models were compared with one another. In addition to the steady flow and thermal transport simulation, the unsteady process of waste heat inpouring and development in the cooling pool was also investigated.展开更多
基于既有研究成果在对混凝土轨枕裂纹检测效率不足的基础上,提出一种改进算法YOLOv5+,主要以YOLOv5网络模型为基础,对混凝土轨枕裂纹进行高效检测。首先,采用分治标签的策略来增大裂纹在标签中的实际占比,从而解决混凝土轨枕裂纹尺度变...基于既有研究成果在对混凝土轨枕裂纹检测效率不足的基础上,提出一种改进算法YOLOv5+,主要以YOLOv5网络模型为基础,对混凝土轨枕裂纹进行高效检测。首先,采用分治标签的策略来增大裂纹在标签中的实际占比,从而解决混凝土轨枕裂纹尺度变化大的问题,使网络更利于提取有效特征;其次,将YOLOv5网络结构中SPP模块的最大池化层改为平均池化层,减少裂纹漏检的现象;同时,在YOLOv5骨干网络中嵌入SE注意力模块(Squeeze and Excitation,SE)提高对细小裂纹的检测能力;最后,结合新的检测尺度与特征融合网络,降低微小裂纹的漏检现象。实验结果表明,以YOLOv5网络模型为基础的改进算法YOLOv5+,除了召回率Recall变化不大外,精确率Precision提高6.5%,平均精度均值mAP提升8%,帧率FPS也有所提升,能够满足实时性的检测需求。展开更多
目前基于3D-ConvNet的行为识别算法普遍使用全局平均池化(global average pooling,GAP)压缩特征信息,但会产生信息损失、信息冗余和网络过拟合等问题。为了解决上述问题,更好地保留卷积层提取到的高级语义信息,提出了基于全局频域池化(g...目前基于3D-ConvNet的行为识别算法普遍使用全局平均池化(global average pooling,GAP)压缩特征信息,但会产生信息损失、信息冗余和网络过拟合等问题。为了解决上述问题,更好地保留卷积层提取到的高级语义信息,提出了基于全局频域池化(global frequency domain pooling,GFDP)的行为识别算法。首先,根据离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)看出,GAP是频域中特征分解的一种特例,从而引入更多频率分量增加特征通道间的特异性,减少信息压缩后的信息冗余;其次,为了更好地抑制过拟合问题,引入卷积层的批标准化策略,并将其拓展在以ERB(efficient residual block)-Res3D为骨架的行为识别模型的全连接层以优化数据分布;最后,将该方法在UCF101数据集上进行验证。结果表明,模型计算量为3.5 GFlops,参数量为7.4 M,最终的识别准确率在ERB-Res3D模型的基础上提升了3.9%,在原始Res3D模型基础上提升了17.4%,高效实现了更加准确的行为识别结果。展开更多
文摘Pooling,unpooling/specialization,and discretionary task completion are typical operational strategies in queueing systems that arise in healthcare,call centers,and online sales.These strategies may have advantages and disadvantages in different operational environments.This paper uses the M/M/1 and M/M/2 queues to study the impact of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion on the average queue length.Closed-form solutions for the average M/M/2 queue length are derived.Computational examples illustrate how the average queue length changes with the strength of pooling,specialization,and discretionary task completion.Finally,several conjectures are made in the paper.
基金This study is partially supported by the Medical Research Council Confidence in Concept Award,UK(MC_PC_17171)Royal Society International Exchanges Cost Share Award,UK(RP202G0230)+3 种基金Hope Foundation for Cancer Research,UK(RM60G0680)British Heart Foundation Accelerator Award,UKSino-UK Industrial Fund,UK(RP202G0289)Global Challenges Research Fund(GCRF),UK(P202PF11).We thank Dr.Hemil Patel for his help in English correction.
文摘(Aim)To make a more accurate and precise COVID-19 diagnosis system,this study proposed a novel deep rank-based average pooling network(DRAPNet)model,i.e.,deep rank-based average pooling network,for COVID-19 recognition.(Methods)521 subjects yield 1164 slice images via the slice level selection method.All the 1164 slice images comprise four categories:COVID-19 positive;community-acquired pneumonia;second pulmonary tuberculosis;and healthy control.Our method firstly introduced an improved multiple-way data augmentation.Secondly,an n-conv rankbased average pooling module(NRAPM)was proposed in which rank-based pooling—particularly,rank-based average pooling(RAP)—was employed to avoid overfitting.Third,a novel DRAPNet was proposed based on NRAPM and inspired by the VGGnetwork.Grad-CAM was used to generate heatmaps and gave our AI model an explainable analysis.(Results)Our DRAPNet achieved a micro-averaged F1 score of 95.49%by 10 runs over the test set.The sensitivities of the four classes were 95.44%,96.07%,94.41%,and 96.07%,respectively.The precisions of four classes were 96.45%,95.22%,95.05%,and 95.28%,respectively.The F1 scores of the four classes were 95.94%,95.64%,94.73%,and 95.67%,respectively.Besides,the confusion matrix was given.(Conclusions)The DRAPNet is effective in diagnosing COVID-19 and other chest infectious diseases.The RAP gives better results than four other methods:strided convolution,l2-norm pooling,average pooling,and max pooling.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 60703045
文摘BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on various methods of wavelet transformation for electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, there are very few studies reporting characteristics of multi-scale phase waves during epileptic discharge.OBJECTIVE: To extract multi-scale phase average waveforms from childhood absence epilepsy EEG signals between time and frequency domains using wavelet transformation, and to compare EEG signals of absence seizure with pre-epileptic seizure and normal children, and to quantify multi-scale phase average waveforms from childhood absence epilepsy EEG signals. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The case-comparative experiment was performed at the Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, Tianjin Medical University from August 2002 to May 2005. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 15 patients with childhood absence epilepsy from the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were enrolled in the study. The patients were not administered anti-epileptic drugs or sedatives prior to EEG testing. In addition, 12 healthy, age- and gender-matched children were also enrolled.METHODS: EEG signals were tested on 15 patients with childhood absence epilepsy and 12 normal children. Epileptic discharge signals during clinical and subclinical seizures were collected 10 and 20 times, respectively. The collected EEG signals were treated with wavelet transformation to extract multi-scale characteristics during absence epilepsy seizure using a conditional sampling method. Multi-scale phase average waveforms were collected using a conditional phase averaging technique. Amplitude of phase average waveform from EEG signals of epilepsy seizure, subclinical epileptic discharge, and EEG signals of normal children were compared and statistically analyzed in the first half-cycle.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multi-scale wavelet coefficient and the evolution of EEG signals were observed during childhood absence epilepsy seizures using wavelet transformation. Multi-scale phase average waveforms from EEG signals were observed using a conditional sampling method and phase averaging technique.RESULTS: Multi-scale characteristics of EEG signals demonstrated that 12-scale (3 Hz) rhythmical activity was significantly enhanced during childhood absence epilepsy seizure and co-existed with background structure (〈1 Hz, low frequency discharge). The phase average wave exhibited opposed phase abnormal rhythm at 3 Hz. Prior to childhood absence epilepsy seizure, EEG detected opposed abnormal a rhythm and 3 Hz composition, which were not detected with traditional EEG. Compared to EEG signals from normal children, epileptic discharges from clinical and subclinical childhood absence epilepsy seizures were positive and amplitude was significantly greater (P〈0.05).CONCLUSION: Wavelet transformation was used to analyze EEG signals from childhood absence epilepsy to obtain multi-scale quantitative characteristics and phase average waveforms. Multi-scale wavelet coefficients of EEG signals correlated with childhood absence epilepsy seizure, and multi-scale waveforms prior to epilepsy seizure were similar to characteristics during the onset period. Compared to normal children, EEG signals during epilepsy seizure exhibited an opposed phase model.
基金supported by FAPESP (Foundation for Supporting Research in So Paulo State), Brazil, of the PIPE Project (Grant No. 2006/56475-3)
文摘This paper describes a numerical simulation of thermal discharge in the cooling pool of an electrical power station, aiming to develop general-purpose computational programs for grid generation and flow/pollutant transport in the complex domains of natural and artificial waterways. Three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, k-ε, k- w, and k- w, were used to close the quasi three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The k- w model was recently established by the authors and is still in the testing process. The general-purpose computational programs and turbulence models will be involved in a software that is under development. The SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equation) algorithm and multi-grid iterative method are used to solve the hydrodynamic fundamental governing equations, which are discretized on non-orthogonal boundary-fitted grids with a variable collocated arrangement. The results calculated with the three turbulence models were compared with one another. In addition to the steady flow and thermal transport simulation, the unsteady process of waste heat inpouring and development in the cooling pool was also investigated.
文摘基于既有研究成果在对混凝土轨枕裂纹检测效率不足的基础上,提出一种改进算法YOLOv5+,主要以YOLOv5网络模型为基础,对混凝土轨枕裂纹进行高效检测。首先,采用分治标签的策略来增大裂纹在标签中的实际占比,从而解决混凝土轨枕裂纹尺度变化大的问题,使网络更利于提取有效特征;其次,将YOLOv5网络结构中SPP模块的最大池化层改为平均池化层,减少裂纹漏检的现象;同时,在YOLOv5骨干网络中嵌入SE注意力模块(Squeeze and Excitation,SE)提高对细小裂纹的检测能力;最后,结合新的检测尺度与特征融合网络,降低微小裂纹的漏检现象。实验结果表明,以YOLOv5网络模型为基础的改进算法YOLOv5+,除了召回率Recall变化不大外,精确率Precision提高6.5%,平均精度均值mAP提升8%,帧率FPS也有所提升,能够满足实时性的检测需求。