O-O Analysis of Vehicle Body Design and Establishment of Engineering Database

To establish the object-oriented (O-O) engineering for vehicle body design Methods characteristics of vehicle body design data were analyzed by means of theO-Omethod The analytical results were transformed intothe engineering databasethat canbeusedsufficiently to describe the relative information of vehicle body design data.Results TheO-Oengineeringdatabaseforvehiclebodydesignis realized and practiced in the process ofbody design for a QCJ7082 economical car. Conclusion The method is successful in trans- forming vehicle body design object into engineering database.The database supports each procedure of vehicle body design perfectly

A strategy for lightweight designing of a railway vehicle car body including composite material and dynamic structural optimization

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding structural solutions to reduce power required by the vehicles,and the lightweight design of the car body represents a possible solution.Optimization processes and innovative materials can be combined in order to achieve this goal.In this framework,we propose the redesign and optimization process of the car body roof for a light rail vehicle,introducing a sandwich structure.Bonded joint was used as a fastening system.The project was carried out on a single car of a modern tram platform.This preliminary numerical work was developed in two main steps:redesign of the car body structure and optimization of the innovated system.Objective of the process was the mass reduction of the whole metallic structure,while the constraint condition was imposed on the first frequency of vibration of the system.The effect of introducing a sandwich panel within the roof assembly was evaluated,focusing on the mechanical and dynamic performances of the whole car body.A mass saving of 63%on the optimized components was achieved,corresponding to a 7.6%if compared to the complete car body shell.In addition,a positive increasing of 17.7%on the first frequency of vibration was observed.Encouraging results have been achieved in terms of weight reduction and mechanical behaviour of the innovated car body.

Model Based Adaptive Control and Disturbance Compensation for Underwater Vehicles

Underwater vehicles are being emphasized as highly integrated and intelligent devices for a significant number of oceanic operations. However, their precise operation is usually hindered by disturbances from a tether or manipulator because their propellers are unable to realize a stable suspension. A dynamic multi-body model-based adaptive controller was designed to allow the controller of the vehicle to observe and compensate for disturbances from a tether or manipulator. Disturbances, including those from a tether or manipulator, are deduced for the observation of the controller. An analysis of a tether disturbance covers the conditions of the surface, the underwater area, and the vehicle end point. Interactions between the vehicle and manipulator are mainly composed of coupling forces and restoring moments.To verify the robustness of the controller, path-following experiments on a streamlined autonomous underwater vehicle experiencing various disturbances were conducted in Song Hua Lake in China. Furthermore,path-following experiments for a tethered open frame remote operated vehicle were verified for accurate cruising with a controller and an observer, and vehicle and manipulator coordinate motion control during the simulation and experiments verified the effectiveness of the controller and observer for underwater operation. This study provides instructions for the control of an underwater vehicle experiencing disturbances from a tether or manipulator.

Optimal trajectory and heat load analysis of different shape lifting reentry vehicles for medium range application

The objective of the paper is to compute the optimal burn-out conditions and control requirements that would result in maximum down-range/cross-range performance of a waverider type hypersonic boost-glide(HBG) vehicle within the medium and intermediate ranges,and compare its performance with the performances of wing-body and lifting-body vehicles vis-a-vis the g-load and the integrated heat load experienced by vehicles for the medium-sized launch vehicle under study.Trajectory optimization studies were carried out by considering the heat rate and dynamic pressure constraints.The trajectory optimization problem is modeled as a nonlinear,multiphase,constraint optimal control problem and is solved using a hp-adaptive pseudospectral method.Detail modeling aspects of mass,aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics for the launch and glide vehicles have been discussed.It was found that the optimal burn-out angles for waverider and wing-body configurations are approximately 5° and 14.8°,respectively,for maximum down-range performance under the constraint heat rate environment.The down-range and cross-range performance of HBG waverider configuration is nearly 1.3 and 2 times that of wing-body configuration respectively.The integrated heat load experienced by the HBG waverider was found to be approximately an order of magnitude higher than that of a lifting-body configuration and 5 times that of a wing-body configuration.The footprints and corresponding heat loads and control requirements for the three types of glide vehicles are discussed for the medium range launch vehicle under consideration.

A NEW METHOD FOR CALCULATING VEHICLE ATTITUDE USING CAYLEY-KLEIN PARAMETERS

In this paper new matrices of the Cayley-Klein parameters are used to represent composition of several consecutive finite rotations of rigid body. The general commutative rules of multiplication for these matrices is obtained. Furthermore, by using these matrices it is convenient to prove the theorem on finite rotation of rigid body. The result obtained in this paper is concise and easy to remember, and can be used to calculate vehicle attitude.

Analysis of Vehicle Modification Practice in Bangladesh

With the shocking present vehicle growth over 10%, many vehicles are found to operate within urban areas and national highways of Bangladesh without having necessary registration and fitness papers. Uncontrolled vehicle modification practice has become a serious concern particularly for large vehicles, which leads the vehicle owners not to properly adhere to the vehicle fitness rules. The primary objective of this research is to reveal the extent of vehicle modification of different categories of vehicle. In this regard, field survey is conducted in major bus terminals and truck depots of Dhaka city to find out the issues related to rampant vehicle modification. Later statistical analysis is performed to obtain the most observed vehicle dimensions followed by local body workers. Finally, detailed questionnaire survey is performed on vehicle owners as well as the body makers as an attempt to reveal the poor quality of work performed by unskilled local workers. This paper would describe the findings of this research work along with appropriate remedial measures to control the unsafe modification of vehicles.

Estimation of speed-related car body acceleration limits with quantile regression

Purpose–This study aimed to facilitate a rapid evaluation of track service status and vehicle ride comfort based on car body acceleration.Consequently,a low-cost,data-driven approach was proposed for analyzing speed-related acceleration limits in metro systems.Design/methodology/approach–A portable sensing terminal was developed to realize easy and efficient detection of car body acceleration.Further,field measurements were performed on a 51.95-km metro line.Data from 272 metro sections were tested as a case study,and a quantile regression method was proposed to fit the control limits of the car body acceleration at different speeds using the measured data.Findings–First,the frequency statistics of the measured data in the speed-acceleration dimension indicated that the car body acceleration was primarily concentrated within the constant speed stage,particularly at speeds of 15.4,18.3,and 20.9 m/s.Second,resampling was performed according to the probability density distribution of car body acceleration for different speed domains to achieve data balance.Finally,combined with the traditional linear relationship between speed and acceleration,the statistical relationships between the speed and car body acceleration under different quantiles were determined.We concluded the lateral/vertical quantiles of 0.8989/0.9895,0.9942/0.997,and 0.9998/0.993 as being excellent,good,and qualified control limits,respectively,for the lateral and vertical acceleration of the car body.In addition,regression lines for the speedrelated acceleration limits at other quantiles(0.5,0.75,2s,and 3s)were obtained.Originality/value–The proposed method is expected to serve as a reference for further studies on speedrelated acceleration limits in rail transit systems.

Design of lightweight magnesium car body structure under crash and vibration constraints

Car body design in view of structural performance and lightweighting is a challenging task due to all the performance targets that must be satisfied such as vehicle safety and ride quality.In this paper,material replacement along with multidisciplinary design optimization strategy is proposed to develop a lightweight car body structure that satisfies the crash and vibration criteria while minimizing weight.Through finite element simulations,full frontal,offset frontal,and side crashes of a full car model are evaluated for peak acceleration,intrusion distance,and the internal energy absorbed by the structural parts.In addition,the first three fundamental natural frequencies are combined with the crash metrics to form the design constraints.The wall thicknesses of twenty-two parts are considered as the design variables.Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to sample the design space,while Radial Basis Function methodology is used to develop surrogate models for the selected crash responses at multiple sites as well as the first three fundamental natural frequencies.A nonlinear surrogate-based optimization problem is formulated for mass minimization under crash and vibration constraints.Using Sequential Quadratic Programming,the design optimization problem is solved with the results verified by finite element simulations.The performance of the optimum design with magnesium parts shows significant weight reduction and better performance compared to the baseline design.

Trim Drag Prediction for Blended-Wing-Body UAV Configuration

A rapid method of the trim drag prediction for the blended-wing-body unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)configuration is proposed.The method consists of four steps.The first step is to parameterizedly model the blended-wing-body UAV configuration;the second is to analyze the aerodynamics of the geometric model;the third is to create aerodynamic surrogate model;and the final step is to predict the trim drag using the surrogate model.Hence,a tool for trim drag prediction is developed by integration of the four steps.The impacts of the allocation of control surfaces,position of gravity center and planform parameters on the trim drag are investigated by using the tool.Results show that using the control surface in outer wing for trim has an advantage of lower trim drag,and the position of gravity center has a primary impact on the trim drag.Moreover,the planform has secondary impacts on the trim drag.

基于隐式参数化模型的地铁车体轻量化设计

为实现地铁新车型前期快速的概念设计和性能评估,引用“分析驱动设计”理念对重庆6号线地铁的MP车体进行了隐式参数化建模;并录入车体的17个主要钣金件进行设计分析。以板厚为设计变量,筛选出模态和刚度对质量相对灵敏度较大的7个车体钣金件,进行基于响应面法的多目标轻量化优化设计;车体的刚度、模态等多项性能指标达到了良好的轻量化效果。研究结果表明:所引入“分析驱动设计”理念的车体隐式参数化建模及基于响应面法的多目标优化方法能应用于车体结构的轻量化设计,具有较好的工程指导意义。

逆向射流对高超声速升力体构型的减阻特性研究

在高超声速飞行过程中,飞行器往往会面临巨大的阻力,严重限制了其飞行性能,并增加了飞行器表面的热负荷和材料应力。针对这一问题,通过数值模拟系统地分析了射流孔数量、位置和攻角对升力体减阻性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着射流孔数量的增加,整体减阻率显著提高,有效降低了升力体头部的高压区域,但也导致四周流场的不稳定性增强。射流孔位置对激波脱体距离和“气膜”厚度具有重要影响。此外,增大攻角会导致整体减阻率下降,但对局部减阻率影响较小,同时会增加上下壁面之间的压差。进一步比较研究发现,在20 km和55 km高空条件下,这3种因素对减阻性能的影响规律保持一致。研究结果为设计高效减阻方案提供了重要参考。

基于虚拟迭代法的跨座式单轨车辆车体疲劳分析

跨座式单轨车辆的车体作为列车的主要承载部件,其疲劳强度对列车的安全运行起着至关重要的作用。为提高单轨车体疲劳分析精度,模拟出单轨车辆运营实践中车体的疲劳损伤,对单轨车辆车体进行柔性化处理,建立包含柔性车体的跨座式车辆刚柔耦合动力学模型,采用虚拟迭代法,在车辆特征部位施加白噪声作为初始输入激励,以跨座式单轨车辆线路实测加速度为目标信号,对车辆模型仿真响应谱与试验实测响应谱进行系统识别与反复迭代,获取车体与车辆其他部件连接位置处激励谱。基于虚拟迭代激励谱获取高精度载荷谱,根据线性疲劳损伤理论对跨座式单轨车辆车体开展疲劳损伤与寿命分析,提出车体结构改进方案。分析结果显示:疲劳仿真结果与车体实际损伤位置具有良好的一致性,验证了采用虚拟迭代法获取的车体载荷谱开展的疲劳分析结果具有高精度;结构改进方案使车体结构改进位置处寿命提高了191%。

异常点云干扰下的车身构件鲁棒性配准方法

点云配准是大型车身构件位姿参数测量的关键方法,但现有算法在大量异常点云干扰下难以配准至有效位姿,从而导致匹配失真,进而无法保证后续机器人作业质量。针对此问题,提出一种能够有效抑制异常点云干扰的车身构件鲁棒性配准算法——鲁棒函数加权方差最小化(RFWVM)算法。建立鲁棒函数加权目标函数,通过施加随迭代次数可变的动态权重来抑制配准过程中异常点云的影响,并由高斯-牛顿法迭代完成刚性转换矩阵的求解。以高铁白车身侧墙、汽车车门框为研究对象的试验结果表明,较经典的最近点迭代(ICP)算法、方差最小化(VMM)算法、加权正负余量方差最小化(WPMAVM)算法和去伪加权方差最小化(DPWVM)算法,所提出的RFWVM算法配准精度更高,能够有效抑制各种异常点云对配准结果的影响,并具有更好的稳定性和鲁棒性,能够有效实现各类车身构件点云的精确配准。

差动转向无人车轨迹跟踪和车身姿态控制研究

针对分布式驱动无人车转向时车身在离心力作用下外倾,引起内侧车轮载荷减小,严重时会导致差动转向失效乃至车辆侧翻等问题,提出了一种差动转向无人车的轨迹跟踪和车身姿态控制方法;该控制方法可通过差动转向实现无人车轨迹跟踪,同时通过主动悬架实现转向时车身主动内倾来保证差动转向有效性,提高了无人车的操纵稳定性。建立考虑侧倾因素的车辆模型及参考模型,通过分数阶单点预瞄驾驶员模型得到了参考模型跟踪期望路径所需的参考前轮转角;基于此,设计了H_(∞)鲁棒控制器,通过控制差动转向无人车的横摆角速度和车身内倾角,分别跟踪参考模型提供的参考值,得到了所需的差动力矩及左右侧主动悬架控制力。研究结果表明:所设计的分数阶单点预瞄驾驶员模型和H_(∞)鲁棒控制器能有效保证差动转向无人车实现轨迹跟踪,同时实现了车身姿态控制。

LQG-IMC集成的空气悬架车身俯仰姿态控制策略研究

为了提高空气悬架车辆在非紧急工况下的整车性能和车身姿态,建立了刚度可调空气悬架车辆半车纵向行驶动力学模型,结合LQG控制与IMC控制的优缺点,设计了空气悬架LQG-IMC集成控制器,并引入粒子群算法来优化了IMC时间常数。应用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了仿真模型,仿真了初始速度30m/s、B级路面和非紧急制动工况。结果表明,与被动悬架相比LQG-IMC集成控制空气悬架车辆的车身俯仰角、前悬架及后悬架的动挠度均方根分别改善了56.44%、53.33%和63.71%,且车身姿态得到进一步控制,为空气悬架控制器的开发奠定了理论基础。

动车前端承载结构拓扑优化及车体动态承载极限分析

使用OptiStruct软件,对车体前端承载结构进行拓扑优化,以体积分数为约束,以最小应变能作为优化目标,通过优化结果对车体前端骨架结构进行重新排布。对优化后的车体在车钩安装座、前端吸能结构及防爬器三个不同位置加载,完成刚性墙对车体冲击过程仿真。对车体在冲击过程中冲击力-时间曲线和不同时刻应力分布进行分析,得到车体弱刚度区域,通过应力变化临界点确定车体承载极限。对弱刚度区域不同组件的能量-时间曲线与上述承载极限结果进行验证。结果表明,优化后车体前端刚度大幅提升;在车体承载极限内,不同位置加载对车体承载极限影响较小;通过弱刚度区域各不同组件的能量-时间曲线可以准确地找到车体承载极限达到临界点的时刻,为车体动态承载极限提供数据分析。

基于MATLAB矢量化物质点法的车身防撞梁碰撞分析

基于MATLAB矢量化的物质点法(material point method,MPM)框架,分析车身前防撞梁的碰撞冲击问题。MPM在每一迭代步将物理参数在物质点和背景网格间相互映射,使用MATLAB矢量化框架可以使用户在快速入门的同时保证求解效率,其应力更新采用车身结构材料的弹塑性本构模型。前防撞梁碰撞冲击数值算例结果表明,MPM可以保证求解精度,同时矢量化技术可以大幅提高求解效率。

考虑焊接质量的铝合金车体关切焊缝的疲劳寿命预测

利用裂纹扩展分析方法和质量分类法研究铝合金车体含缺欠焊接结构的疲劳寿命问题。首先,研究IIW:2015的基于Paris定律的裂纹扩展分析的理论基础和BS 7910:2019的基于考虑焊接缺欠质量的S-N曲线的质量分类法的算法原理;其次,归纳总结了这2种方法进行考虑焊接质量的焊接结构疲劳寿命评估流程;再次,在疲劳载荷作用下,基于BS EN 1999-1-3:2007的名义应力法对某动车组铝合金车体进行疲劳分析,确定车体疲劳关切焊缝部位;最后,分别利用裂纹扩展分析方法和质量分类法对车体关切焊缝侧门下角进行考虑初始裂纹的疲劳寿命评估。结果表明:基于质量分类法的剩余寿命为1.4×106次,基于裂纹扩展分析法的剩余寿命为2.64×106次。

磁力馈能主动悬架稳定性分析

为了提高车辆行驶平顺性和安全性,提出了一种新型磁力馈能主动悬架,并研究其稳定性。采用BP神经网络PID控制算法(BP-PID)搭建磁力馈能主动悬架控制系统,利用MATLAB/Simulink进行理论仿真。建立B级和C级随机路面,仿真分析不同速度、不同等级下,磁力馈能主动悬架的稳定性。结果表明,相比于被动悬架效果和PID控制的磁力馈能主动悬架效果,采用BP-PID控制可明显提高悬架稳定性。B级随机路面60 km/h时车身垂直加速度改善了45.90%,证明了BP-PID控制的合理性,可有效提升悬架稳定性。

山地城市暴雨洪水中人车失稳风险数值模拟研究

【目的】为定量分析山地城市暴雨内涝中行人和车辆的失稳风险特征,【方法】以重庆市悦来新城某排水片区为研究区域,构建一二维水文水动力耦合模型,对研究区不同降雨情景下的承灾体暴露性进行了模拟分析,按照最不利原则,从失稳风险范围和失稳持续时间等维度计算分析了典型人车(轿车、SUV、成人、儿童)的失稳风险。【结果】结果显示:降雨重现期越大,承灾体暴露性越高,失稳开始时间越早,持续时间越长,轿车的失稳风险最高,SUV次之,成人最小;四类承灾体在不同重现期下的轻微风险区域占比均最大,且其分布与积水深度较浅(如低于0.15 m)或流速值低于0.4 m/s的区域分布较为相似。【结论】结果表明:失稳风险等级越高的区域,其面临的洪水特征可能越复杂,尤其对于地形起伏多变的山地城市,应根据承灾体的特征进行风险图绘制,并结合降雨预报进行风险预警,提升灾害应急管理的精细化水平。