Multi-scale seismic full waveform inversion in the frequency-domain with a multi-grid method

Although full waveform inversion in the frequency domain can overcome the local minima problem in the time direction, such problem still exists in the space direction because of the media subsurface complexity. Based on the optimal steep descent methods, we present an algorithm which combines the preconditioned bi-conjugated gradient stable method and the multi-grid method to compute the wave propagation and the gradient space. The multiple scale prosperity of the waveform inversion and the multi-grid method can overcome the inverse problems local minima defect and accelerate convergence. The local inhomogeneous three-hole model simulated results and the Marmousi model certify the algorithm effectiveness.

Efficient solution of large-scale matrix of acoustic wave equations in 3D frequency domain

In 3D frequency domain seismic forward and inversion calculation,the huge amount of calculation and storage is one of the main factors that restrict the processing speed and calculation efficiency.The frequency domain finite-difference forward simulation algorithm based on the acoustic wave equation establishes a large bandwidth complex matrix according to the discretized acoustic wave equation,and then the frequency domain wave field value is obtained by solving the matrix equation.In this study,the predecessor's optimized five-point method is extended to a 3D seven-point finite-difference scheme,and then a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition(PML)is added to establish the corresponding matrix equation.In order to solve the complex matrix,we transform it to the equivalent real number domain to expand the solvable range of the matrix,and establish two objective functions to transform the matrix solving problem into an optimization problem that can be solved using gradient methods,and then use conjugate gradient algorithm to solve the problem.Previous studies have shown that in the conjugate gradient algorithm,the product of the matrix and the vector is the main factor that affects the calculation efficiency.Therefore,this study proposes a method that transform bandwidth matrix and vector product problem into some equivalent vector and vector product algorithm,thereby reducing the amount of calculation and storage.

Applying a Step Approach Method in Solving the Multi-Frequency Radiation From a Complex Obstacle

In this paper,a step approach method in the time domain is developed to calculate the radiated waves from an arbitrary obstacle pulsating with multiple frequencies.The computing scheme is based on the Boundary Integral Equation and derived in the time domain;thus,the time-harmonic Neumann boundary condition can be imposed.By the present method,the values of the initial conditions are set to zero,and the approach process is carried forward in a loop from the first time step to the last.At each time step,the radiated pressure on each element is updated.After several loops,the correct radiated pressures can be obtained.A sphere pulsating with a monopole frequency in an infinite acoustic domain is calculated first.This result is compared with the analytical solution,and both of them are in good agreement.Then,a complex-shaped radiator is taken as the studied case.The pulsating frequency of this case is multiple,and the waves propagate in half space.It is shown that the present method can treat multiple-frequency pulsation well,even when the radiator is a complex shape,and a robust convergence can be attained quickly.

多源频率域地震勘探技术及应用

在城市地球物理勘探中,因受到城市中各种强电磁机械干扰和交通建筑阻隔,诸多地球物理勘探技术勘探效果不佳。本文基于瞬态面波、微动台阵和微动谱比,采用多点三分量低频传感器获取的多源频率域地震数据,综合提取两种特征曲线后进行联合反演,实现融合3种技术的多源频率域地震勘探。其中,提出了双源综合频散谱提取技术、双源特征曲线联合反演技术和基于非均匀介质的等效均匀介质正演技术,勘探成果的精度和效率均得到了提高,在工程实践中得到验证。

不同域下基于UNet的三维地震数据重建

由于自然因素的限制以及经济条件的约束,采集到的地震数据通常存在地震道的缺失,需对缺失数据进行插值。然而,目前基于深度学习的方法大多在某一固定的域下完成地震数据的插值。为了对比不同域下地震数据重建结果的差异,本文基于UNet网络,对比了五种不同域下的地震数据插值方法,分别为:t-x(time-space)域,时间切片,f-x(frequency-space)域,频率域按炮切片以及三维方法。在仿真数据集和真实数据集上进行了实验,通过三维重建结果,二维切片,不同缺失率的地震数据重建信噪比以及五种方法的耗时对比,全面展示了几种方法在地震数据重建问题上的差异。实验结果显示,五种方法在一定程度上均可重建缺失数据,其中三维方法可以取得最高的重建精度,和基于f-x域的方法相比,重建信噪比提高了近2 dB;但三维方法以三维数据块作为输入训练网络,所以最为耗时,网络一轮的训练时间比其它方法多70~170 min。此外,对不同缺失率的地震数据重建结果显示,三维方法和基于f-x域的方法在重建高缺失率的地震数据时更有优势。

近场波动对钢筋混凝土框架结构地震响应的影响

采用一维化时域方法将地震波动转化为等效节点荷载,通过三维黏弹性人工边界单元模拟远场地基辐射阻尼,建立基于刚性地基假定和考虑近场波动的三维钢筋混凝土框架结构有限元模型,对比内力和位移动力时程响应。研究表明:考虑近场波动使钢筋混凝土框架结构自振周期变长;与刚性地基假定相比,在观测点处,梁端弯矩幅值增大,轴力幅值减小,剪力幅值改变;柱端弯矩幅值减小,轴力幅值增大,剪力幅值也存在差异;顶点位移和层间位移均衰减。

基于乘子法的地震波波速和介质密度的多参数稳健反演

地震波速和介质密度的多参数全波形反演能够充分利用地震数据的运动学和动力学信息,精确重构地下介质模型参数,在地下介质描述与岩性解释中扮演着重要角色。针对地震波多参数全波形反演对初始模型依赖程度高、不同参数之间存在串扰噪声及反演精度不高的缺陷,提出一种基于多尺度策略的多参数乘子法反演框架。将时间域多尺度策略与乘子法相结合,首先进行低频带反演,获取模型空间大尺度信息;随后采用乘子法更新迭代,并将低频带反演结果作为高频带初始模型进行逐频带反演,在每一个尺度下均采用乘子法更新迭代。简单透射模型及1994BP标准地质模型的实验表明:基于多尺度策略的乘子法反演算法具有较好的稳健性与适用性,即使初始模型较差时,仍能获得较好的反演结果,且在不降低地震波速反演精度的同时,提高密度的反演精度。

基于超声波的机制骨料用隧道洞渣母岩抗压强度快速评价方法

为快速判定隧道洞渣母岩是否能用于机制骨料的制备,研究变质岩、沉积岩、火成岩隧道洞渣母岩的超声波速度与频域特征,分析洞渣母岩岩性、含水率及试件尺寸对隧道洞渣母岩超声波速度的影响规律,并建立了基于超声波波速的隧道洞渣母岩抗压强度超前预报模型。研究结果表明:隧道洞渣母岩超声波信号参数能够较为准确地反映岩石抗压强度,母岩的饱和单轴抗压强度与其超声波波速呈现正相关性,且试件尺寸对超声波速度影响不大;频域信号及其主频幅值能反映岩石内部缺陷情况,频域分布最为分散且主频幅值低时可以认为岩石内孔隙数量较多;超声波信号图谱特征受岩性及矿物组成影响显著,金属矿物中声波信号频域降低少,波速更快;试件含水率对母岩的抗压强度影响能够通过超声波波速反映,同种岩性的隧道洞渣母岩抗压强度大小依次为:烘干状态>自然状态>饱水状态。按照变质岩、沉积岩、火成岩三大类岩性分类建立隧道洞渣母岩饱和抗压强度评价模型,其中变质岩与岩浆岩的单轴抗压强度与超声波波速呈线性关系,沉积岩单轴抗压强度与超声波波速呈指数关系;通过实际工程验证发现,波速与饱和抗压强度具有良好的相关性,证明该评价模型具有较高的可信度。

半潜式海洋平台疲劳影响因素分析

在海洋结构物疲劳评估时,频域谱分析法将交变应力峰值分布简单认为是窄带分布,不符合宽带海况特征,疲劳结果往往偏保守。全时域法虽然计算精度高,但整个过程过于耗时,很难应用在实际工程中。本文考虑到时域法和频域法在疲劳评估时各自的缺陷,给出一种时域-频域混合法,运用此方法对某半潜式海洋平台关键节点进行疲劳计算,并分析不同因素对疲劳损伤的影响。结果表明,不同浪向角和短期海况对半潜式海洋平台的疲劳损伤贡献度不同,贡献度大小与评估区域位置有关。所得结论为半潜式海洋平台的疲劳评估提供一定依据和参考。

综合物探方法在城市道路典型障碍物定位研究中的应用

在城市主干道路改扩建工程中,为准确测定地下原水箱涵及其附属隐伏护管桥的空间位置,保障高架桥梁桩基的准确设计及顺利施工,采用高密度电法、地震面波法、探地雷达法、GEM-2多频电磁法等几种常用工程物探方法,旨在对比方法有效性,总结技术要点,为城市道路典型障碍物定位研究积累技术资料及工程经验。地下原水箱涵道及其附属隐伏护管桥为钢筋混凝土,具有特殊的工程结构,与地层具有明显的物性差异,这里利用GEM-2多频电磁法清晰地准确地探测到了护管桥的平面边界,高密度电法、地震面波法较为有效地圈定了护管桥及原水箱涵的空间位置,探地雷达法清晰地探测到了护管桥区域,并且精细地刻画了原水箱涵及护管桥的空间关系,这些成果为类似城市道路工程问题的地球物理勘察提供了实践依据及解决方案。

A numerical framework for underground structures in layered ground under inclined P-SV waves using stiffness matrix and domain reduction methods

A numerical framework was proposed for the seismic analysis of underground structures in layered ground under inclined P-SV waves.The free-field responses are first obtained using the stiffness matrix method based on plane-wave assumptions.Then,the domain reduction method was employed to reproduce the wavefield in the numerical model of the soil–structure system.The proposed numerical framework was verified by providing comparisons with analytical solutions for cases involving free-field responses of homogeneous ground,layered ground,and pressure-dependent heterogeneous ground,as well as for an example of a soil–structure interaction simulation.Compared with the viscous and viscous-spring boundary methods adopted in previous studies,the proposed framework exhibits the advantage of incorporating oblique incident waves in a nonlinear heterogeneous ground.Numerical results show that SV-waves are more destructive to underground structures than P-waves,and the responses of underground structures are significantly affected by the incident angles.

Amplification of in-plane seismic ground motion by group cavities in layered half-space (Ⅰ)

Amplification of in-plane seismic ground motion by underground group cavities in layered half-space is studied both in frequency domain and time domain by using indirect boundary element method （IBEM）, and the effect of cavity interval and spectrum of incident waves on the amplification are studied by numerical examples. It is shown that there may be large interaction between cavities, and group cavities with certain intervals may have significant amplification to seismic ground motion. The amplification of PGA （peak ground acceleration） and its PRS （peak response spectrum） can be increased up to 45.2% and 84.4%, for an example site in Tianjin, under the excitation of Taft wave and E1 Centro wave; and group cavities may also affect the spectra of the seismic ground motion. It is suggested that the effect of underground group cavities on design seismic ground motion should be considered.

Domain decomposition based on the spectral element method for frequency-domain computational elastodynamics

We propose a domain decomposition method based on the spectral element method(DDM-SEM)for elastic wave computation in frequency domain.It combines the high accuracy of the spectral element method and the high degree of parallelism of a domain decomposition technique,which makes this method suitable for accurate and efficient simulations of large scale problems in elastodynamics.In the DDM-SEM,the original large-scale problem is divided into a number of well designed subdomains.We use the spectral element method independently for each subdomain,and the neighboring subdomains are connected by a frequency-domain version of Riemann transmission condition(RTC)for elastic waves.For the proposed method,we can employ the non-conforming meshes and different interpolation orders in different subdomains to maximize the efficiency.By separating the internal and boundary unknowns of each subdomain,an efficient and naturally parallelizable block LDU direct solver is developed to solve the final system matrix.Numerical experiments verify its accuracy and efficiency,and show that the proposed DDM-SEM can be a promising numerical tool for accurately and effectively solving large and multi-scale problems of elastic waves.It is potentially valuable for the frequency domain seismic inversion where multiple source illuminations are required.

强噪声下压力传感器触觉信号的提纯算法设计

压力传感器触觉信号提纯时,易受强噪声干扰,影响信号提纯效果。为解决上述问题,提出基于局域波分解的强噪声下压力传感器触觉信号提纯方法。利用局域波分解对压力传感器中的局部均值特征,排除触觉信号降干扰,避免噪声对信号提纯过程产生影响,并设计校正算法对触觉信号处理,提取频域特征。利用小波变换法分解压力传感器触觉信号,得到信号频域成分。利用阈值重构频域成分,完成强噪声下压力传感器触觉信号的提纯。仿真结果表明,所提方法的提纯时间在2 s上下波动,平均信噪比为14.13 dB,平均均均方根误差为0.63。

SV波任意角度入射下地铁车站结构地震响应分析

地震波入射角度对地铁车站结构地震响应的影响问题已受到学者的关注和重视。SV波斜入射时存在临界角情况,超过临界角时,场地水平向运动与竖向运动的相位差会发生改变,同时在超临界角入射下场地具有较大的竖向地震作用;然而SV波超临界角入射下的这些特征对地铁车站地震响应的影响规律还未见公开报道。通过ABAQUS有限元软件,首先验证了基于频域刚度矩阵的地震动输入计算方法求解地下隧道对任意角度SV波散射问题的计算精度,然后研究了SV波0°~80°范围内入射时II类、III类、IV类场地条件下两层三跨地铁车站结构的地震响应。研究表明:在较硬的场地中,SV波超临界角入射下场地同时具有较大的水平向和竖向地震作用,这将显著增大车站中柱的轴力幅值,与垂直入射情况相比,轴力幅值最高被增大至3.28倍,同时,SV波临界角附近入射时,轴力分布显著区别于其他情况;车站中柱的弯矩与剪力最大值均出现在地震波垂直入射时,且总体上,弯矩、剪力幅值随着SV波入射角度的增大而减小;车站与周围地基的动力相互作用,对车站结构所受到的水平地震作用具有一定的增大效应,场地越软,增大效应越显著。建议将SV波垂直入射和临界角附近入射2种工况均作为地铁车站结构抗震设计的不利工况。

含复杂断齿故障的行星齿轮动力学研究

针对行星齿轮在恒速、恒负载条件下局部断齿故障难以分析的问题,以行星齿轮传动系统为研究对象,利用能量法建立正常及具有局部断齿故障的齿轮刚度激励模型,通过改变齿轮断齿的长度求得在该条件下的刚度激励并进行对比分析,从而明确故障发生的机理;考虑行星齿轮刚度激励及啮合相位的影响,利用集中参数理论(Lumped Parameter Theory,LPT)建立相应的动力学模型;将求得的刚度激励代入建立的行星齿轮动力学模型,同时在MATLAB中利用自带的ode15s求解器进行求解。最后针对太阳轮y向振动的时域图像及其Fourier变换的频域图像进行分析,得出系统在出现不同程度的故障时的状态变化。该方法可较为准确地判断系统是否存在断齿故障以及断齿故障的严重程度。

随机振动疲劳寿命评估频域法模型适用性研究

为了研究频域法中的应力幅值概率密度函数(Probability Density Function,PDF)模型在随机振动疲劳寿命评估过程中的适用性,首先介绍常用的5种频域法模型,接着设置由不同谱宽系数、中心频率和功率谱密度(Power Spectral Density,PSD)谱值组合的限带白噪声应力功率谱。在此基础上利用傅里叶逆变换得到对应的时域信号,并将频域法模型计算得到的应力幅值概率密度函数与模拟的时域信号经过雨流循环计数得到的结果进行对比,评估各种频域模型的适用性和精度。结果表明,在整个带宽范围内,ZhaoBaker模型和Dirlik模型都有较高的准确性和适用性,Weibull模型在模拟小谱宽系数(ε<0.15)的单峰谱和谱宽系数大于0.6的宽带PSD时拥有不错的精度;频域模型的精度误差都随中心频率和谱值的增加有不同程度的下降。

一种简化的计算频域有限差分自适应系数的方法

频域有限差分(finite difference frequency domain,FDFD)方法是地震波场模拟的常用方法,FDFD地震波场模拟的关键之一是构造能有效压制数值频散的FDFD系数。在已有的构造地震波场模拟FDFD系数的方法中,随一个网格内的波长个数变化的自适应FDFD系数可以最大程度地压制数值频散。目前计算自适应FDFD系数的方法涉及角度积分、共轭梯度优化、顺序初值选取、光滑正则化等问题,不仅较难实现而且计算效率较低。为了简化自适应FDFD系数的计算并提高相应计算效率,本文提出一种新的计算自适应FDFD系数的方法。所提方法首先将不同离散传播角度的平面波解代入FDFD格式,构造相应的最小二乘问题。由于该最小二乘问题较为病态,常规的基于正规方程组的求解方法难以得到光滑的自适应FDFD系数,本文提出通过QR矩阵分解求解相应超定线性方程组来求解该最小二乘问题。相比已有的基于角度积分、共轭梯度优化、顺序初值选取的计算自适应FDFD系数的方法,所提方法在可以得到光滑自适应FDFD系数的基础上,不仅计算过程更简洁,且计算效率明显提高。数值波场模拟结果表明,基于QR矩阵分解的自适应系数FDFD方法可以达到与基于角度积分、共轭梯度优化、顺序初值选取的自适应系数FDFD方法相同的精度,同时所需的计算时间更少。

京广铁路浅覆盖型岩溶路基注浆整治策略

京广铁路广州段路基近几年多次出现岩溶塌陷,严重影响铁路安全运营,部分段落亟须进行注浆加固。为避免盲目注浆,制定了浅覆盖型岩溶注浆整治策略。首先收集铁路路基沿线附近钻孔资料,划分岩溶塌陷风险段,采用多源频率域地震波法对岩溶发育中、高风险段进行探查。然后结合物探成果和地层特征,制定注浆方案。最后选取部分注浆段落物探复测,评价注浆效果。结果表明,多源频率域地震波法能够较好地适用于既有线铁路勘察,优化了注浆方案在有效控制成本的基础上,达到了预期注浆加固效果。

波浪反射系数计算方法的性能分析

由于噪声和非线性等因素的干扰,波浪场中波浪反射系数的计算精度会受到不同程度的影响,为了在复杂海况中准确地计算反射系数,需要对各算法的精确度和稳定性进行系统研究和分析。本文将噪声项和非线性成分叠加到简谐波中合成符合实际情况的规则波和不规则波;运用各种算法对不同预设反射率的波况进行计算并比较其性能参数;将各方法进一步应用于物理波浪水槽反射系数的计算,再次验证各算法的性能。通过对比最优间距下的计算结果发现,在规则波中,Mansard三点法、Goda两点法和传递函数法性能优于其他算法;在不规则波中,Goda两点法计算频率范围受限,传递函数法分离反射波误差较大,Mansard三点法性能表现最优。本文的研究可为不同波况下反射系数的计算提供理论参考,在模型试验及工程应用中具有一定的实践指导意义。