Satellite SAR observation of shallow bottom topography of the east Australia Sea

A preliminary account of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging mechanisms of oceanic bottom topographic features and a description of the principles of the information extracted from SAR images and the processing and the analysis technology of SAR images are made. Some results were obtained from researching shallow topography and its bathymetric features of the regions of offshore in the east Australia Sea by ERS-1 SAR images. The preliminary research indicates that these features covered with SAR have never been reported before and some results of them are yielded for the first time in Australia. This information is very valuable in a great number of applications to oceanic engineering, shipping navigation, marine fishery and environment, as well as oceanographic research and development. The paper comes to the conclusion that SAR remote sensing of oceanography and its applications are of great potential.

Multi-Source Data Privacy Protection Method Based on Homomorphic Encryption and Blockchain

Multi-Source data plays an important role in the evolution of media convergence.Its fusion processing enables the further mining of data and utilization of data value and broadens the path for the sharing and dissemination of media data.However,it also faces serious problems in terms of protecting user and data privacy.Many privacy protectionmethods have been proposed to solve the problemof privacy leakage during the process of data sharing,but they suffer fromtwo flaws:1)the lack of algorithmic frameworks for specific scenarios such as dynamic datasets in the media domain;2)the inability to solve the problem of the high computational complexity of ciphertext in multi-source data privacy protection,resulting in long encryption and decryption times.In this paper,we propose a multi-source data privacy protection method based on homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology,which solves the privacy protection problem ofmulti-source heterogeneous data in the dissemination ofmedia and reduces ciphertext processing time.We deployed the proposedmethod on theHyperledger platformfor testing and compared it with the privacy protection schemes based on k-anonymity and differential privacy.The experimental results showthat the key generation,encryption,and decryption times of the proposedmethod are lower than those in data privacy protection methods based on k-anonymity technology and differential privacy technology.This significantly reduces the processing time ofmulti-source data,which gives it potential for use in many applications.

Application of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology in casting aspect

3D stereoscopic visualization technology is coming into more and more common use in the field of entertainment,and this technology is also beginning to cut a striking figure in casting industry and scientific research.The history,fundamental principle,and devices of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology are reviewed in this paper.The authors’research achievements on the 3D stereoscopic visualization technology in the modeling and simulation of the casting process are presented.This technology can be used for the observation of complex 3D solid models of castings and the simulated results of solidification processes such as temperature,fluid flow,displacement,stress strain and microstructure,as well as the predicted defects such as shrinkage/porosity,cracks,and deformation.It can also be used for other areas relating to 3D models,such as assembling of dies,cores,etc.Several cases are given to compare the illustration of simulated results by traditional images and red-blue 3D stereoscopic images.The spatial shape is observed better by the new method.The prospect of3D stereoscopic visualization in the casting aspect is discussed as well.The need for aided-viewing devices is still the most prominent problem of 3D stereoscopic visualization technology.However,3D stereoscopic visualization represents the tendency of visualization technology in the future;and as the problem is solved in the years ahead,great breakthroughs will certainly be made for its application in casting design and modeling and simulation of the casting processes.

An overview on observational instruments and measuring methods for dewfall

This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated.

TREATMENT OF 104 CASES SUFFERING FROM CERVICO-SPINAL HYPERTENSION WITH ROTATION-REDUCTION METHOD——Observation of the Long-Term Effect

Since 1976,the authors began to carry outclinical research work on the treatment of blooddisorders(hypertension and hypotension)due tocervico-spinal diseases with the rotation-reductionmethod.A preliminary analysis and summarywere made,and the achievements of this scien-tific research passed technological appraisal inJune,1983.In recent years,the authors havemade an observation of the long-term effect of thetreatment of cervico-spinal hypertension with thismethod,with satisfactory results,which will bereported as follows.

基于Ajax的Observer模式客户端研究

针对现有的工业大型设备远程监测系统中Web客户端存在的实时性差和代码复用率低的问题,提出基于Ajax的Observer模式Web客户端构建方案。利用Ajax技术解决监测系统中客户端图形显示的实时性问题,并与Observer设计模式相结合,提高了代码复用率,降低了模块之间的耦合性。通过演示系统程序完整地验证了该方法的可行性。

Technical development of operational in-situ marine monitoring and research on its key generic technologies in China

In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

Generation of daily snow depth from multi-source satellite images and in situ observations

Snow depth （SD） is a key parameter for research into global climate changes and land surface processes. A method was developed to obtain daily SD images at a higher 4 km spatial resolution and higher precision with SD measurements from in situ observations and passive microwave remote sensing of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS （AMSR-E） and snow cover measurements of the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System （IMS）. AMSR-E SD at 25 km spatial resolution was retrieved from AMSR-E products of snow density and snow water equivalent and then corrected using the SD from in situ observations and IMS snow cover. Corrected AMSR-E SD images were then resampled to act as ＂virtual＂ in situ observations to combine with the real in situ observations to interpolate at 4 km spatial resolution SD using the Cressman method. Finally, daily SD data generation for several regions of China demonstrated that the method is well suited to the generation of higher spatial resolution SD data in regions with a lower Digital Elevation Model （DEM） but not so well suited to regions at high altitude and with an undulating terrain, such as the Tibetan Plateau. Analysis of the longer time period SD data generation for January between 2003 and 2010 in northern Xinjiang also demonstrated the feasibility of the method.

我国海洋观测装备“卡脖子”问题的破解对策建议

该文中“卡脖子”问题是指我国海洋观测装备在发展过程中遇到的瓶颈和限制,阻碍了海洋科学研究和海洋资源利用。该文对我国海洋观测装备的发展进行需求分析,从海洋观测平台和海洋传感器的发展两个方面介绍我国海洋观测装备发展的现状;从创新能力、成果转化能力、国产化应用、技术标准和测试试验等方面分析“卡脖子”问题出现的原因,针对这些问题提出加强海洋仪器设备应用的调研和评估、提升设备的精准度和可靠性、进行海洋仪器设备攻关加快研发和推广、完善海洋标准和试验测试体系等一系列措施建议。有助于提高我国海洋观测装备的整体技术水平,促进海洋科技的进步,推动我国在海洋观测领域的可持续发展。

柔翼结构飞行器智能控制系统关键技术与途径

柔翼结构飞行器具有轻质、空间集成、重复使用、有较大的阻力面积和升力系数等优点,可实现巡航飞行、低速驻空、再入返回、气动减速、定点归航、着陆缓冲等功能,是当前的研究热点。智能控制系统是柔翼结构飞行器飞航与回收着陆系统的核心技术之一,结合智能技术在控制系统中的应用研究与工程实践,对柔翼结构飞行器智能控制系统及其技术特征进行了分析;介绍了刚-柔组合体一体化控制与仿真、环境感知与健康状态在线评估、航迹规划与跟踪飞行控制、集群飞行控制、着陆与缓冲智能控制、智能硬件容错与重构等关键技术。对柔翼结构飞行器智能控制系统的未来发展进行了思考,提出了飞行环境的智能及柔性感知、气动参数的在线识别、多任务模式自主执行及控制系统的演进学习等发展建议,通过对智能控制技术持续不断地研究与实践,为柔翼结构飞行器系统的研制提供强有力的支撑。

基于调度调控的泄水建筑物进口漩涡水力特性

水利工程泄水建筑物进口经常存在吸气漩涡现象,影响工程泄水安全。现有关于进水口漩涡的研究侧重于理论研究和模拟方法,以调度调控为切入点研究漩涡在调度扰动下水力响应特性的较少。通过原型观测、数值模拟、物理模型试验等方式开展对比试验研究,揭示研究区域漩涡产生的机理和关键影响因子,阐明调控运行下泄水建筑物水力响应特性,建立了水流流态与泄洪调度方式的对应关系。研究表明影响漩涡形成和强度大小的主要影响因素包括水流速度环量、流场边界条件、闸口相对淹没水深等,其形成由河道河势走向、泄洪建筑物布置和体型、泄洪调度方式等共同作用决定。通过调度调控可有效降低有害漩涡强度,降低泄水建筑物运行风险。

醒脑开窍针法联合VR技术干预卒中后非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的临床观察

目的:观察醒脑开窍针法联合VR技术干预卒中后非痴呆型血管性认知障碍(VCIND)的临床疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将2021年10月至2022年9月江西省南昌市洪都中医院住院治疗的首发脑卒中后VCIND患者78例分为三组,各26例。对照组实施常规认知训练,醒脑开窍针法组实施醒脑开窍针法针刺治疗,醒脑开窍针法+VR技术组是在醒脑开窍针法组基础上联合VR技术康复训练,三组均进行为期4周的康复训练。比较三组康复训练前后认知功能、日常生活能力状况。结果:康复训练4周后,三组认知功能MoCA评分、MMSE评分均提高,且醒脑开窍针法+VR技术组高于醒脑开窍针法组、对照组(P<0.05);三组日常生活能力MBI评分均提高,且醒脑开窍针法+VR技术组高于醒脑开窍针法组、对照组(P<0.05)。结论:醒脑开窍针法联合VR技术干预可改善卒中后VCIND患者认知障碍,提高患者认知能力及日常生活能力。

以DOPS为工具的形成性评价在免疫检验实习带教中的效果

目的探讨以操作技能直接观察评估(DOPS)为工具的形成性评价在免疫检验实习带教中的效果。方法选取2022年度和2023年度在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院免疫检验科实习的同学,2022年度的45名实习同学为对照组,2023年度的34名实习同学为实验组,对照组的同学在实习过程中使用传统教学终结性评价方法,实验组同学实习中使用以DOPS量表为工具的形成性评价方法。分析比较两组实习同学的出科考核成绩、教学的效果、实习收获调查、满意度调查。结果实验组的理论成绩和操作考核成绩明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-3.26、-4.31,P均<0.05);实验组的教学效果明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-6.31、-13.03、-12.01、-7.82、-10.22、-11.11,P均<0.05);实验组的实习收获评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=-9.31、-8.33、-9.21、-7.76、-5.93,P均<0.05);实验组的满意度高于对照组。结论应用DOPS作为形成性评价工具能够帮助学生更好地掌握技能,带教老师也可以从中获得教学过程中的持续反馈,从而进一步提升免疫检验实习带教的效果和质量。

信息科技课程教学实施困境、归因与突围

信息科技课程对于培育学生数字素养与技能至关重要,其高质量的教学实践对落实信息科技课标、推进教育数字化转型、建设数字中国具有重要战略意义。目前大部分研究多进行信息科技课程性质与特征、核心素养、建设路径等方面的理论探讨,缺乏对其教学实施效果的跟踪调研。为准确把握信息科技课程的实施现状,该研究构建和应用基于LICC范式的信息科技课堂观察量表,以12个信息科技课例为研究对象,从量化研究与质性研究相结合的视角对信息科技课堂跟踪观察分析。研究发现,信息科技课程教学实施成效初显,但仍然面临着一系列困境,如学生学习主体性与互动效率待提升,教师教学环节偏离教学目标且缺失连贯性、课程教学目标脱离素养培育、内容未凸显科学原理、评价弱化素养的监测、课堂教学平等民主性较低等。基于布迪厄实践逻辑理论的场域、惯习与资本三要素,对信息科技课程教学实施困境进行归因和剖析,可以认识到信息科技新教材与配套资源的短缺、信息科技教师课程能力水平低以及新教学理念与方法重构难度大三方面会促使信息科技课程的教学实施困难重重。因此,为促进信息科技课程教学实施有效开展,需要持续开发新教材与配套资源、不断提升信息科技教师课程能力水平、促进信息科技教师创新变革教学理念与方法。

机载激光雷达测量技术在冰川科学观测中的应用研究

冰川作为“固态水库”其融水对我国西北干旱地区区域水资源利用和生态系统可持续发展都具有重要意义,开展冰川科学研究并努力探索冰川研究新技术、新方法至关重要。本文基于机载激光雷达测量技术在冰川科学观测中的应用研究,从航空测量经验、冰川试验区域气象条件及航飞设备三方面开展冰川航测可行性分析及技术方法论证。结果表明,冰川激光雷达数据平面及高程误差绝对值均以≤10 cm为主,占比分别为86.6%(X方向)、86.5%(Y方向)、66.6%(XY方向)、90.0%(Z方向),误差值满足冰川观测要求。此次冰川试验验证了机载激光雷达测量技术在冰川科学观测中的可行性,实现了高海拔、高落差、极端天气地区航空测量技术突破,为促进我国冰川科学研究发展增添新动力。

深海水下技术装备发展研究

深海水下技术装备是认知深海、开发深海资源以及保护海洋生态的关键,拓展深海新空间面临复杂多变的环境挑战,亟需高水平的深海水下技术装备作支撑。本文立足我国海洋强国建设的发展实际,分析了深海水下技术装备的体系构成和发展需求,从深海观测/探测与感知系统、水下施工作业装备、深海水下油气生产系统、深海矿产资源开发装备4个方面出发,梳理了国外深海水下技术装备的发展现状和趋势。在此基础上,总结了我国深海水下技术装备研制的发展现状,分析了发展面临的工程挑战,剖析了相关关键技术装备体系和关键物理–力学机制,概括了深海水下技术装备的典型装备代表和装备图谱,凝练了我国深海水下技术装备的共性关键技术,涵盖智能化与自动化技术、精密元器件加工制造技术、高精度定位导航、高速率通信技术、大系统力学计算与分析和跨尺度工程设计方法与技术等方面。为实现我国深海水下技术装备的高质量发展,研究建议:加强深海水下工程技术发展的顶层设计,推动构建共性关键技术协作体系;增强我国深海水下技术规范和标准的行业影响力,大力开拓国际市场;高质量推进兼容通用的平台建设;注重培养深海水下工程科技创新人才,为加速实现海洋科技产业高水平发展提供支撑。

数智技术赋能档案叙事:叙事结构与路径探析

大数据及人工智能等数智技术的广泛应用,深刻影响了档案的形态、存储方式、利用途径等。档案事业正面临着自身范式革命,这也要求其利用数智技术展开革命。以“跟着档案观上海”为例,系统分析了数智技术赋能档案叙事的必要性与可行性,将叙事结构划分为叙事时间结构、叙事空间结构、叙事主题结构,进而从数据赋能、知识赋能、情境赋能、传播赋能4个维度,构筑数智时代下档案叙事的推进路径,以期为社会记忆构建和文化传承提供参考。

热带海洋大气环境氯离子浓度立体化观测技术研究

目的 对热带海洋环境氯离子开展立体化观测,掌握热带海洋环境下大气氯离子浓度在空间上的分布规律,为海洋大气环境下装备产品和重大工程服役环境研究提供立体化观测数据支撑。方法 在观测海岸线附近科学选点,采用无人机搭载远程控制大气采样器开展大气氯离子浓度立体化观测,对不同空间高度氯离子浓度分布规律进行分析。结果 成功采集万宁某海岸线附近1 km×300 m×100 m区域1 a以上氯离子浓度数据,通过GIS技术分析并建立了氯离子浓度分布三维场,实现了氯离子浓度可视化,并随离海距离、离地高度剖切显示。结论 海南万宁某区域海岸线附近氯离子浓度在冬季最大,夏季最低,且在一定观测范围内,随观测高度增加而先增大、后降低,随离海距离增大而逐渐降低。

反潜作战制胜机理分析及对抗模式研究

针对现有反潜作战存在指挥关系不清晰、信息流向不明确、处置手段单一等问题,从物理域、信息域、智能域3个方面出发,提出了反潜作战制胜机理及对抗模式。基于动态变化的OODA(observation,orientation,decision,action)作战环理论,结合反潜装备和作战样式发展现状及趋势分析,进行了有人-无人协同反潜作战概念设计,并总结出智能域反潜作战的关键技术需求,为未来低成本、高效反潜作战发展提供参考。

不同入药部位干药材石蜡制片方法的改良研究

石蜡制片作为干药材显微鉴定的关键技术之一,在组织学中应用广泛.根据不同组织构造特点,选取有代表性的皮类、茎类、种子类、根类干药材为主要实验材料,主要从软化、脱水和透明等环节对传统制片方法进行改进,探索各药材专属性石蜡制片方法.结果表明,软化是制作石蜡切片的关键步骤,对不同种类干药材应区别处理.纤维、石细胞富集的皮类生药如厚朴,采用5%氢氟酸水浴浸透软化12 h;木质部纤维化严重的茎类生药如桂枝,采用甘油与氢氧化钠混合溶液软化14 h;内外硬度差异较大的种子类生药如芥子,5%甘油软化6 h;纤维性强和试剂不易渗透的根类生药如黄芪,5%盐酸软化6 h,能提高各干药材横切面的清晰度和完整度,获得组织完整、细胞结构清晰的高质量切片.经改良的石蜡切片技术专属性高,重复性好,避免了常规制片易出现的浸蜡不彻底、组织变硬变脆等问题.研究结果可为制作不同部位石蜡切片提供方法学参考.