The Identification and Geological Significance of Fault Buried in the Gasikule Salt Lake in China based on the Multi-source Remote Sensing Data

The salinity of the salt lake is an important factor to evaluate whether it contains some mineral resources or not,the fault buried in the salt lake could control the abundance of the salinity.Therefore,it is of great geological importance to identify the fault buried in the salt lake.Taking the Gasikule Salt Lake in China for example,the paper established a new method to identify the fault buried in the salt lake based on the multi-source remote sensing data including Landsat TM,SPOT-5 and ASTER data.It includes the acquisition and selection of the multi-source remote sensing data,data preprocessing,lake waterfront extraction,spectrum extraction of brine with different salinity,salinity index construction,salinity separation,analysis of the abnormal salinity and identification of the fault buried in salt lake,temperature inversion of brine and the fault verification.As a result,the study identified an important fault buried in the east of the Gasikule Salt Lake that controls the highest salinity abnormal.Because the level of the salinity is positively correlated to the mineral abundance,the result provides the important reference to identify the water body rich in mineral resources in the salt lake.

Multi-Scale PIIFD for Registration of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images

This paper aims at providing multi-source remote sensing images registered in geometric space for image fusion.Focusing on the characteristics and differences of multi-source remote sensing images,a feature-based registration algorithm is implemented.The key technologies include image scale-space for implementing multi-scale properties,Harris corner detection for keypoints extraction,and partial intensity invariant feature descriptor(PIIFD)for keypoints description.Eventually,a multi-scale Harris-PIIFD image registration algorithm framework is proposed.The experimental results of fifteen sets of representative real data show that the algorithm has excellent,stable performance in multi-source remote sensing image registration,and can achieve accurate spatial alignment,which has strong practical application value and certain generalization ability.

Accuracy Analysis on the Automatic Registration of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images Based on the Software of ERDAS Imagine

The automatic registration of multi-source remote sensing images (RSI) is a research hotspot of remote sensing image preprocessing currently. A special automatic image registration module named the Image Autosync has been embedded into the ERDAS IMAGINE software of version 9.0 and above. The registration accuracies of the module verified for the remote sensing images obtained from different platforms or their different spatial resolution. Four tested registration experiments are discussed in this article to analyze the accuracy differences based on the remote sensing data which have different spatial resolution. The impact factors inducing the differences of registration accuracy are also analyzed.

VLCA: vision-language aligning model with cross-modal attention for bilingual remote sensing image captioning

In the field of satellite imagery, remote sensing image captioning(RSIC) is a hot topic with the challenge of overfitting and difficulty of image and text alignment. To address these issues, this paper proposes a vision-language aligning paradigm for RSIC to jointly represent vision and language. First, a new RSIC dataset DIOR-Captions is built for augmenting object detection in optical remote(DIOR) sensing images dataset with manually annotated Chinese and English contents. Second, a Vision-Language aligning model with Cross-modal Attention(VLCA) is presented to generate accurate and abundant bilingual descriptions for remote sensing images. Third, a crossmodal learning network is introduced to address the problem of visual-lingual alignment. Notably, VLCA is also applied to end-toend Chinese captions generation by using the pre-training language model of Chinese. The experiments are carried out with various baselines to validate VLCA on the proposed dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more descriptive and informative than existing algorithms in producing captions.

Red Tide Information Extraction Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data in Haizhou Bay

[Objective] The aim was to extract red tide information in Haizhou Bay on the basis of multi-source remote sensing data.[Method] Red tide in Haizhou Bay was studied based on multi-source remote sensing data,such as IRS-P6 data on October 8,2005,Landsat 5-TM data on May 20,2006,MODIS 1B data on October 6,2006 and HY-1B second-grade data on April 22,2009,which were firstly preprocessed through geometric correction,atmospheric correction,image resizing and so on.At the same time,the synchronous environment monitoring data of red tide water were acquired.Then,band ratio method,chlorophyll-a concentration method and secondary filtering method were adopted to extract red tide information.[Result] On October 8,2005,the area of red tide was about 20.0 km2 in Haizhou Bay.There was no red tide in Haizhou bay on May 20,2006.On October 6,2006,large areas of red tide occurred in Haizhou bay,with area of 436.5 km2.On April 22,2009,red tide scattered in Haizhou bay,and its area was about 10.8 km2.[Conclusion] The research would provide technical ideas for the environmental monitoring department of Lianyungang to implement red tide forecast and warning effectively.

OBH-RSI:Object-Based Hierarchical Classification Using Remote Sensing Indices for Coastal Wetland

With the deterioration of the environment,it is imperative to protect coastal wetlands.Using multi-source remote sensing data and object-based hierarchical classification to classify coastal wetlands is an effective method.The object-based hierarchical classification using remote sensing indices(OBH-RSI)for coastal wetland is proposed to achieve fine classification of coastal wetland.First,the original categories are divided into four groups according to the category characteristics.Second,the training and test maps of each group are extracted according to the remote sensing indices.Third,four groups are passed through the classifier in order.Finally,the results of the four groups are combined to get the final classification result map.The experimental results demonstrate that the overall accuracy,average accuracy and kappa coefficient of the proposed strategy are over 94%using the Yellow River Delta dataset.

A new multi-source remote sensing image sample dataset with high resolution for flood area extraction:GF-FloodNet

Deep learning algorithms show good prospects for remote sensingflood monitoring.They mostly rely on huge amounts of labeled data.However,there is a lack of available labeled data in actual needs.In this paper,we propose a high-resolution multi-source remote sensing dataset forflood area extraction:GF-FloodNet.GF-FloodNet contains 13388 samples from Gaofen-3(GF-3)and Gaofen-2(GF-2)images.We use a multi-level sample selection and interactive annotation strategy based on active learning to construct it.Compare with otherflood-related datasets,GF-FloodNet not only has a spatial resolution of up to 1.5 m and provides pixel-level labels,but also consists of multi-source remote sensing data.We thoroughly validate and evaluate the dataset using several deep learning models,including quantitative analysis,qualitative analysis,and validation on large-scale remote sensing data in real scenes.Experimental results reveal that GF-FloodNet has significant advantages by multi-source data.It can support different deep learning models for training to extractflood areas.There should be a potential optimal boundary for model training in any deep learning dataset.The boundary seems close to 4824 samples in GF-FloodNet.We provide GF-FloodNet at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/pengliuair/gf-floodnet and https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vdUCGNAfFwG5UjZ9RLLFMQ?pwd=8v6o.

Multi-temporal urban semantic understanding based on GF-2 remote sensing imagery:from tri-temporal datasets to multi-task mapping

High resolution satellite images are becoming increasingly available for urban multi-temporal semantic understanding.However,few datasets can be used for land-use/land-cover(LULC)classification,binary change detection(BCD)and semantic change detection(SCD)simultaneously because classification datasets always have one time phase and BCD datasets focus only on the changed location,ignoring the changed classes.Public SCD datasets are rare but much needed.To solve the above problems,a tri-temporal SCD dataset made up of Gaofen-2(GF-2)remote sensing imagery(with 11 LULC classes and 60 change directions)was built in this study,namely,the Wuhan Urban Semantic Understanding(WUSU)dataset.Popular deep learning based methods for LULC classification,BCD and SCD are tested to verify the reliability of WUSU.A Siamese-based multi-task joint framework with a multi-task joint loss(MJ loss)named ChangeMJ is proposed to restore the object boundaries and obtains the best results in LULC classification,BCD and SCD,compared to the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods.Finally,a large spatial-scale mapping for Wuhan central urban area is carried out to verify that the WUsU dataset and the ChangeMJ framework have good application values.

Multi-source Remote Sensing Image Registration Based on Contourlet Transform and Multiple Feature Fusion

Image registration is an indispensable component in multi-source remote sensing image processing. In this paper, we put forward a remote sensing image registration method by including an improved multi-scale and multi-direction Harris algorithm and a novel compound feature. Multi-scale circle Gaussian combined invariant moments and multi-direction gray level co-occurrence matrix are extracted as features for image matching. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on numerous multi-source remote sensor images with noise and illumination changes. Extensive experimental studies prove that our proposed method is capable of receiving stable and even distribution of key points as well as obtaining robust and accurate correspondence matches. It is a promising scheme in multi-source remote sensing image registration.

High Spatial Resolution and High Temporal Frequency(30-m/15-day) Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation over China Using Multiple Remote Sensing Datasets:Method Development and Validation

High spatial resolution and high temporal frequency fractional vegetation cover(FVC) products have been increasingly in demand to monitor and research land surface processes. This paper develops an algorithm to estimate FVC at a 30-m/15-day resolution over China by taking advantage of the spatial and temporal information from different types of sensors: the 30-m resolution sensor on the Chinese environment satellite(HJ-1) and the 1-km Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS). The algorithm was implemented for each main vegetation class and each land cover type over China. First, the high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was acquired by using the continuous correction(CC) data assimilation method. Then, FVC was generated with a nonlinear pixel unmixing model. Model coefficients were obtained by statistical analysis of the MODIS NDVI. The proposed method was evaluated based on in situ FVC measurements and a global FVC product(GEOV1 FVC). Direct validation using in situ measurements at 97 sampling plots per half month in 2010 showed that the annual mean errors(MEs) of forest, cropland, and grassland were-0.025, 0.133, and 0.160, respectively, indicating that the FVCs derived from the proposed algorithm were consistent with ground measurements [R2 = 0.809,root-mean-square deviation(RMSD) = 0.065]. An intercomparison between the proposed FVC and GEOV1 FVC demonstrated that the two products had good spatial–temporal consistency and similar magnitude(RMSD approximates 0.1). Overall, the approach provides a new operational way to estimate high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency FVC from multiple remote sensing datasets.

A transformer-based Siamese network and an open optical dataset for semantic change detection of remote sensing images

Recent change detection(CD)methods focus on the extraction of deep change semantic features.However,existing methods overlook the fine-grained features and have the poor ability to capture long-range space–time information,which leads to the micro changes missing and the edges of change types smoothing.In this paper,a potential transformer-based semantic change detection(SCD)model,Pyramid-SCDFormer is proposed,which precisely recognizes the small changes and fine edges details of the changes.The SCD model selectively merges different semantic tokens in multi-head self-attention block to obtain multiscale features,which is crucial for extraction information of remote sensing images(RSIs)with multiple changes from different scales.Moreover,we create a well-annotated SCD dataset,Landsat-SCD with unprecedented time series and change types in complex scenarios.Comparing with three Convolutional Neural Network-based,one attention-based,and two transformer-based networks,experimental results demonstrate that the Pyramid-SCDFormer stably outperforms the existing state-of-the-art CD models and obtains an improvement in MIoU/F1 of 1.11/0.76%,0.57/0.50%,and 8.75/8.59%on the LEVIR-CD,WHU_CD,and Landsat-SCD dataset respectively.For change classes proportion less than 1%,the proposed model improves the MIoU by 7.17–19.53%on Landsat-SCD dataset.The recognition performance for small-scale and fine edges of change types has greatly improved.

A lake ice phenology dataset for the Northern Hemisphere based on passive microwave remote sensing

Lake ice phenology(LIP)is an essential indicator of climate change and helps with understanding of the regional characteristics of climate change impacts.Ground observation records and remote sensing retrieval products of lake ice phenology are abundant for Europe,North America,and the Tibetan Plateau,but there is a lack of data for inner Eurasia.In this work,enhanced-resolution passive microwave satellite data(PMW)were used to investigate the Northern Hemisphere Lake Ice Phenology(PMW LIP).The Freeze Onset(FO),Complete Ice Cover(CIC),Melt Onset(MO),and Complete Ice Free(CIF)dates were derived for 753 lakes,including 409 lakes for which ice phenology retrievals were available for the period 1978 to 2020 and 344 lakes for which these were available for 2002 to 2020.Verification of the PMW LIP using ground records gave correlation coefficients of 0.93 and 0.84 for CIC and CIF,respectively,and the corresponding values of the RMSE were 11.84 and 10.07 days.The lake ice phenology in this dataset was significantly correlated(P<0.001)with that obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)data-the average correlation coefficient was 0.90 and the average RMSE was 7.87 days.The minimum RMSE was 4.39 days for CIF.The PMW is not affected by the weather or the amount of sunlight and thus provides more reliable data about the freezing and thawing process information than MODIS observations.The PMW LIP dataset pro-vides the basic freeze-thaw data that is required for research into lake ice and the impact of climate change in the cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere.The dataset is available at http://www.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00081.

A global process-oriented sea surface temperature anomaly dataset retrieved from remote sensing products

From the time that it first develops,a sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)will develop in space and time until it dissipates.Although many SST products are available,great challenges are still faced when attempting to directly explore the evolution of SSTAs.To address some of these problems,in this study,we developed a global SSTA dataset that included details of the spatial structure of SSTAs and their temporal evolution.This dataset is called GDPoSSTA.GDPoSSTA is comprised of three datasets and two relationship files and covers the period from January 1982 to December 2009.The three datasets are in SHP format and consist of a dataset of processed object-oriented SSTAs named DSPOSSTA,a dataset of sequenced object-oriented SSTA series named DSSOSSTA,and a dataset of variation object-oriented SSTA named DSVOSSTA.The two relationship files,which are in CSV format,store the evolving behavior of the SSTA sequence object and SSTA variation objects.Finally,geographic spatiotemporal statistics are derived for the DSPOSSTA and a comparison of applying TITAN to DSVOSSTA and DSPOSSTA is carried out which demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of GDPoSSTA.The GDPoSSTA dataset is available on ScienceDB platform(http://www.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00090).

EASE-Grid投影风云卫星产品地理信息写入方法

风云卫星遥感数据服务网的卫星遥感产品数据集中,风云三系列气象卫星遥感产品数据集中很多采用的是等面积可伸缩地球网格(EASE-Grid)投影方式进行处理,实际应用中对使用者具有较高的数据处理能力要求,不利于遥感产品数据集的省级应用。基于数据集使用中的这些问题,该文以FY3D雪水当量数据集产品为例,采用程序化方法对EASE-Grid投影产品数据集的地理信息进行写入,通过构建地理坐标系参考对象和地理信息目录,将数据矩阵中写入地理信息并以GeoTiff格式文件输出。结果表明,经过该方法处理过的产品数据可与矢量文件实现准确的经纬度信息的匹配,降低了数据分析处理的难度。该方法具有较好的适用性,对于EASE-Grid的三种不同的投影方式均适用,可在一定程度上提高卫星遥感产品数据集的省级科研与应用水平。

基于特征加权与融合的小样本遥感目标检测

基于深度卷积神经网络的目标检测器需要大量标注样本展开训练,针对训练样本数量不足导致目标检测器泛化能力较差的问题,基于元特征调制提出一种特征加权与融合的小样本遥感目标检测方法。首先,在元特征提取网络中嵌入瓶颈结构式特征学习模块C3,增加网络深度和感受野;其次,利用路径聚合网络(PAN)进行元特征融合,有效提升了网络对多尺度遥感目标的感知能力;最后,使用轻量级卷积神经网络学习原型向量以加权元特征,在轻量化模型的同时,利用模型已有知识快速微调模型,以适应对新类目标的检测。实验结果显示,在NWPU VHR-10和DIOR数据集上,该方法相比于FSODM方法,在新类对象上的平均检测精度分别提高了29.40%和11.78%。可视化结果表明,该方法在小样本遥感目标检测上效果更优。

结合通道注意力的无人机遥感影像行人检测方法

在无人机遥感影像行人检测任务中,针对无人机影像背景复杂、行人目标尺度多样化且样本个数稀少等问题,提出一种结合通道注意力的单阶段卷积网络模型。模型以并联卷积核构成特征提取层,同时引入通道注意力机制来强化模型对行人特征的学习能力;在特征强化网络中进一步通过融合跨尺度特征,构建了4个输出层的特征强化网络,最后使用增广后的训练集完成模型的训练。实验结果表明,本文所提出的行人检测模型能够对曝光、阴影等复杂效果下以及不同角度、不同距离下的行人目标实施稳定检出,在测试环境下的检测速度也达到实时检测水平。

Monitoring vegetation dynamics in East Rennell Island World Heritage Site using multi-sensor and multi-temporal remote sensing data

East Rennell of Solomon Island is the first natural site under customary law to be inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.Potential threats due to logging,mining and agriculture led to the site being declared a World Heritage in Danger in 2013.For East Rennell World Heritage Site(ERWHS)to‘shed’its‘Danger’status the management must monitor forest cover both within and outside of ERWHS.We used satellite data from multiple sources to track forest cover changes for the entire East Rennell island since 1998.95%of the island is still covered by undisturbed forests;annual average normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)for the whole island was above 0.91 in 2015.However,vegetation cover in the island has been slowly decreasing,at a rate of–0.0011 NDVI per year between 2000 and 2015.This decrease less pronounced inside ERWHS compared to areas outside.While potential threats due to forest clearing outside ERWHS remain the forest cover change from 2000 to 2015 has been below 15%.We suggest ways in which the Government of Solomon Islands could use our data as well as unmanned air vehicles and field surveys to monitor forest cover change and ensure the future conservation of ERWHS.

高光谱高空间分辨率遥感观测、处理与应用

高光谱遥感技术是遥感领域的研究热点之一。然而,由于成像口径与能量等限制因素,难以同时获得高光谱和高空间分辨率的图像,这极大限制了高光谱遥感在精细尺度任务中的应用。近年来,随着高光谱成像技术及无人机为代表的新型观测平台的发展,高光谱高空间(双高,同时具备纳米级光谱分辨率与亚米级空间分辨率)遥感技术发展迅猛,推动了高光谱遥感技术的应用,但同时也带来了更多问题。极高的空间与光谱分辨率使得数据更加海量高维,加剧了高光谱数据的空间异质性和光谱变异性,为影像智能信息处理带来更大的挑战。为此,本文将从双高遥感影像基准数据集、双高遥感影像智能信息处理、双高遥感影像典型应用3个方面论述双高遥感应用与发展现状。

全球地表热辐射特性数据集构建技术研究

红外遥感成像主要采集地表热辐射特性,具有观测对象动态范围广、能量时空变化度高等特点。为实现高像质、高效率的红外遥感观测,迫切需要研究全球地表热辐射特性的时空分布规律,形成卫星总体设计的重要先验知识库,用于指导卫星面向观测数据质量的智能化设计。针对现有的全球地表热辐射数据集时空覆盖率较低、缺值较严重的问题,文章基于多源卫星遥感数据,通过遥感数据融合技术,构建较为完备的全球地表热辐射数据集,为星上空间相机最佳成像参数自主选取提供有力支撑。

中国河南省2016-2021年尾矿库目标检测数据集

尾矿库是矿山开采所必需的基础设施,同时也是具有高势能的人造泥石流风险源。遥感图像的尾矿库目标检测是对其在图像上进行识别和定位,相对于传统方法,采用深度学习对遥感图像中的尾矿库进行目标检测在精度、稳定性和效率上都有明显改善,但是需要高质量的训练数据集。本研究基于多年的国产高分卫星遥感图像,经过数据处理、人工解译标注、图像切片等步骤,构建了中国河南省区域的尾矿库目标检测数据集,并开放共享。本数据集有以下几个特点:(1)国产高分辨率光学遥感卫星图像尾矿库目标检测数据集,包含1183个切片,1728个目标实例;(2)多时相数据集,提供2016年、2018年、2020年和2021年总共4个不同年度的样本数据;(3)目标标注采用倾斜框,图像背景干扰少。利用本数据集可以进行深度学习尾矿库目标检测模型开发的技术研究和进行尾矿库的自动化、智能化检测,对于推动尾矿库自动提取技术的发展和尾矿库的安全监管具有重要意义。