Dynamic characteristics of multi-span spinning beams with elastic constraints under an axial compressive force

A theoretical model for the multi-span spinning beams with elastic constraints under an axial compressive force is proposed.The displacement and bending angle functions are represented through an improved Fourier series,which ensures the continuity of the derivative at the boundary and enhances the convergence.The exact characteristic equations of the multi-span spinning beams with elastic constraints under an axial compressive force are derived by the Lagrange equation.The efficiency and accuracy of the present method are validated in comparison with the finite element method(FEM)and other methods.The effects of the boundary spring stiffness,the number of spans,the spinning velocity,and the axial compressive force on the dynamic characteristics of the multi-span spinning beams are studied.The results show that the present method can freely simulate any boundary constraints without modifying the solution process.The elastic range of linear springs is larger than that of torsion springs,and it is not affected by the number of spans.With an increase in the axial compressive force,the attenuation rate of the natural frequency of a spinning beam with a large number of spans becomes larger,while the attenuation rate with an elastic boundary is lower than that under a classic simply supported boundary.

Vortex-Induced Vibration Response Features of A Submarine Multi-Span Pipeline via Towing Tank Experimental Tests

In offshore engineering, the phenomenon of free span often occurs, and the pipeline may have multiple free spans adjacent to each other, forming a multi-span pipeline. The interaction of different spans makes the structural vibration characteristics more complex, which may change the fatigue characteristics of the pipeline and affect the safety of the structure. In this paper, model tests were designed to explore the vortex-induced vibration(VIV) characteristics of multi-span pipelines and investigate the multi-span interaction mechanism. The experimental study mainly focused on the dynamic response of double-span pipelines, and further extended to triple-span pipelines, hoping that the results can be applied to more complex environment. The effects of span-length ratio, buried depth and axial force on VIV of the pipeline were investigated and discussed. The dynamic response of the pipeline varied with the span length. There was obvious interaction between different spans of multi-span pipelines, and the pipe-sediment interaction obviously affected the vibration characteristics of pipeline. The differences of pipeline burial depth and axial force changed the structural stiffness. With the increase of buried depth, the response amplitude presented a downward trend. The spanwise evolutions were asymmetric caused by the pipe-sediment interaction and multi-span interaction. The results can help to identify multi-span pipelines in engineering, and realize the prevention and control of free spans.

Networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing of a multi-span bridge based on NetSLab

Modem dynamic tests such as networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing （PDT） provide new tools to study the dynamic performance of large and complex structures. In this paper, several networked collaborative PDT systems established in China and abroad are introduced, including a detailed description of the first networked collaborative platform that involved the construction of a standardized demonstration procedure for networked collaborative PDT. The example is a multi-span bridge with RC piers retrofitted by FRP, and a networked structural laboratory （NetSLab） platform is used to link distributed laboratories located at several universities together. Substructure technology is also used in the testing. The characteristics, resource sharing and collaborative work of NetSLab are described, and the results illustrate that use of the NetSLab is feasible for studying the dynamic performance of multi-span bridge structures.

Numerical Calculation of Dynamic Response for Multi-Span Non-Uniform Beam Subjected to Moving Mass with Friction

In order to simulate the coupling vibration of a vehicle or train moves on a multi-span continuous bridge with non-uniform cross sections, a moving mass model is used according to the Finite Element Method, the effect of the inertial force, Coriolis force and centrifugal force are considered by means of the additive matrices. For a non-uniform rectangular section beam with both linear and parabolic variable heights in a plane, the stiffness and mass matrices of the beam elements are presented. For a non-uniform box girder, Romberg numerical integral scheme is adopted, each coefficient of the stiffness matrix is obtained by means of a normal numerical computation. By applying these elements to calculate the non-uniform beam, the computational accuracy and efficiency are improved. The finite element method program is worked out and an entire dynamic response process of the beam with non-uniform cross sections subjected to a moving mass is simulated numerically, the results are compared to those previously published for some simple examples. For some complex multi-span bridges subjected to some moving vehicles with changeable velocity and friction, the computational results, which can be regarded as a reference for engineering design and scientific research, are also given simultaneously.

Multi-Span and Multiple Relevant Time Series Prediction Based on Neighborhood Rough Set

Rough set theory has been widely researched for time series prediction problems such as rainfall runoff.Accurate forecasting of rainfall runoff is a long standing but still mostly signicant problem for water resource planning and management,reservoir and river regulation.Most research is focused on constructing the better model for improving prediction accuracy.In this paper,a rainfall runoff forecast model based on the variable-precision fuzzy neighborhood rough set(VPFNRS)is constructed to predict Watershed runoff value.Fuzzy neighborhood rough set dene the fuzzy decision of a sample by using the concept of fuzzy neighborhood.The fuzzy neighborhood rough set model with variable-precision can reduce the redundant attributes,and the essential equivalent data can improve the predictive capabilities of model.Meanwhile VFPFNRS can handle the numerical data,while it also deals well with the noise data.In the discussed approach,VPFNRS is used to reduce superuous attributes of the original data,the compact data are employed for predicting the rainfall runoff.The proposed method is examined utilizing data in the Luo River Basin located in Guangdong,China.The prediction accuracy is compared with that of support vector machines and long shortterm memory(LSTM).The experiments show that the method put forward achieves a higher predictive performance.

A procedure of the method of reverberation ray matrix for the buckling analysis of a thin multi-span plate

A procedure of the method of reverberation ray matrix(MRRM)is developed to perform the buckling analysis of thin multi-span rectangular plates having internal line supports or stiffeners.A computation algorithm for the reverberation ray matrix in the MRRM is derived to determine the buckling loading.Specifically,the analytical solutions are presented for the buckling of the structure having two opposite simply-supported or clamped-supported edges with spans,while the constraint condition of two remaining edges may be in any combination of free,simply-supported,and clamped boundary conditions.Furthermore,based on the analysis of matrices relating to the unknown coefficients in the solution form for the deflection in terms of buckling modal functions,some recursive equations(REs)for the MRRM are introduced to generate a reduced reverberation ray matrix with unchanged dimension when the number of spans increases,which promotes the computation efficiency.Several numerical examples are given,and the present results are compared with the known solutions to illustrate the validity and accurateness of the MRRM for the buckling analysis.

Analytical investigation of bidirectional ductile diaphragms in multi-span bridges

In the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Bridge Design Provisions,ductile diaphragms are identified as Permissible Earthquake-Resisting Elements（EREs）,designed to help resist seismic loads applied in the transverse direction of bridges.When adding longitudinal ductile diaphragms,a bidirectional ductile diaphragm system is created that can address seismic excitations acting along both the bridge’s longitudinal and transverse axes.This paper investigates bidirectional ductile diaphragms with Buckling Restrained Braces（BRBs）in straight multi-span bridge with simply supported floating spans.The flexibility of the substructures in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the bridge is considered.Design procedures for the bidirectional ductile diaphragms are first proposed.An analytical model of the example bridge with bidirectional ductile diaphragms,designed based on the proposed methodology,is then built in SAP2000.Pushover and nonlinear time history analyses are performed on the bridge model,and corresponding results are presented.The effect of changing the longitudinal stiffness of the bidirectional ductile diaphragms in the end spans connecting to the abutment is also investigated,in order to better understand the impact on the bridge’s dynamic performance.

Research and Analysis on Cooling Capacity of Temperature Adjustment Equipments in Agricultural Multi-span Greenhouse

The high summer indoor temperature in agricultural greenhouse is not conducive to crop growth,so it is necessary to cool the greenhouse. In this study,taking the agricultural multi-span greenhouse with strong temperature adjustment ability for example,we make an experimental analysis on the temperature changes inside and outside the greenhouse under nine different equipment combinations( fan,skylight,sunshade,sunshade + fan,cooling pad + fan,skylight + fan,sunshade + skylight,sunshade + fan + cooling pad,sunshade + skylight + fan),respectively,and conduct the overall assessment on the measures to cool the summer agricultural greenhouse,in order to provide a reference for selecting a cost-effective cooling method for greenhouse. Tests show that the three treatment modes of fan,sunshade and sunshade + fan almost have no cooling capacity; skylight,sunshade + skylight have cooling capacity,but the effect is slow; cooling pad + fan,sunshade + skylight +fan can reduce the indoor temperature,but the effect is not very good; skylight and fan have good cooling effect; sunshade + fan + cooling pad has obvious cooling effect,which can well meet the cooling needs in the summer greenhouse.

Research on dynamic characteristics model test scheme for middle pylon of multi-pylon multi-span suspension bridges

Multi-pylon multi-span suspension bridge is a new type super flexible structure system, and the rigidity design of middle pylon is one of the main difficult technical issues. Due to the requirements of longitudinal rigidity, the structural form and the corresponding foundation type of middle pylon are different from those of the ordinary steel pylon, and the complicated dynamic characteristics make the calculation quite difficult. In this article, exploration has been made in selection of similarity ratio and model materials, section simulation, restriction conditions simulation, fixing of mass blocks, fabrication scheme and testing method by taking into account different construction and working conditions such as restriction conditions and working environment of a three-pylon suspension bridge, to conduct the test experimental design of the dynamic behavior of the middle pylon, with the purpose to reveal its dynamic characteristics and make comparison and analysis with theoretical assumptions, to provide basis for anti-wind and anti-seismic design and reference for the design and research of three-pylon two-span suspension bridges in the future.

FE Dynamic Analysis Using Moving Support Element on Multi-Span Beams Subjected to Support Motions

In the present study, finite element dynamic analysis or time history analysis of two-span beams subjected to asynchronous multi-support motions is carried out by using the moving support finite element. The elemental equation of the element is based on total displacements and is derived under the concept of the quasi-static displacement decomposition. The use of moving support element shows that the element is very simple and convenient to represent continuous beam moving, deforming and vibrating simultaneously due to support motions. The comparison between the numerical results and analytical solutions indicates that the FE result agrees with the analytical solution.

近场旋转地震波对多跨高墩连续刚构桥地震易损性的影响

为研究近场旋转地震波对多跨高墩连续刚构桥易损性的影响,以某五跨高墩连续刚构桥工程实例为研究对象,首先基于改进云图法,从太平洋地震工程研究中心强震数据库中选取100条近场平动地震波,并采用频域法合成旋转地震波;然后,选取桥梁设计参数随机变量,采用拉丁超立方法抽取100个样本点并随机组合后,采用OpenSees建立100个全桥有限元模型,开展近场平动地震波和近场平动+旋转地震波作用下的动力非线性分析,获得高墩关键截面曲率响应最大值;最后以截面曲率临界值为损伤指标,研究适用于近场平动+旋转地震波作用下易损性分析的地震强度指标,并开展地震易损性分析。研究结果表明:地震动强度指标PGD和Sd max最适用于近场平动+旋转地震波作用下多跨高墩连续刚构桥易损性分析;近场旋转地震波显著增大了多跨高墩连续刚构桥的损伤概率,忽略旋转地震波的影响将严重低估多跨高墩连续刚构桥的损伤概率,并且采用截面曲率作为损伤指标无法较好地反映扭转分量地震波引起的损伤。该项目研究成果对更为全面了解多跨高墩连续刚构桥桥梁的抗震性能、完善桥梁抗震设计及加固理论具有重要意义。

Experimental research on the microclimate in the naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouse

In order to further understand the changing laws of environmental factors in large multi-span greenhouses under natural ventilation conditions and the internal relations between various environmental factors,and ultimately improve the precision of microclimate regulation of large multi-span greenhouses.Taking the multi-span greenhouse with a small spire structure in the Demonstration Base of Guangdong Agricultural Technology Extension Station as the research object,under the condition of natural ventilation with butterfly-shaped windows,the changes in temperature,humidity,wind speed and solar light intensity of different monitoring planes in the greenhouse were monitored.After analyzing the monitoring data,it was found that:1)The temperature gradient in the vertical direction in the large multi-span greenhouse is more obvious than that in the small greenhouse,and the highest average temperature difference monitored can reach 7.9℃.The velocity field in the multispan greenhouse is always maintained within the range of 0.3-0.4 m/s,and the ambient wind speed has no effect on the airflow speed in the greenhouse.The humidity and speed in the multi-span greenhouse show good uniformity.2)In a large multi-span greenhouse,the secondary radiation generated by the internal shading has less impact on the area near the ground,which can effectively reduce the ground temperature.3)Under the conditions studied in this research,the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse follow the external environment as well,showing that the greenhouse design is reasonable,and the air renewal and heat exchange inside and outside the greenhouse are good during natural ventilation.

超高墩多塔混凝土斜拉桥纵向约束体系研究

为探讨不同纵向约束体系对超高墩多塔混凝土斜拉桥地震响应的影响,以墩高178m的赤石特大桥为研究对象,建立全桥有限元模型并进行非线性时程分析,研究了一致和非一致2种纵向约束方式下约束刚度对结构地震反应的影响,并综合对比了各类典型纵向约束体系下结构的抗震效果,最后根据分析结果确定该新桥型的合理纵向约束体系。研究结果表明:一致纵向约束方式下,约束刚度对结构变形的影响较内力更加突出,设计时应以控制结构变形为主,设置较刚性的纵向约束对改善结构抗震性能更加有利;非一致纵向约束方式下,边塔约束刚度对各塔地震反应的分布有重要影响,合理设置边塔纵向约束刚度对平衡结构的响应分布非常关键;对于超高墩多塔斜拉桥而言,采用全漂浮体系和弹性约束体系,抗震效果均不是十分理想,而采用固结体系和弹性-固结体系,可在不显著增大结构内力的同时大幅降低结构变形,是比较合理的纵向约束体系。

多跨高墩连续刚构桥主梁合龙方案研究

随着交通事业的发展和高速公路的大量修建,连续刚构桥修建的越来越多,而且桥墩越来越高、跨径越来越大、孔数越来越多,其主梁和桥墩的变形及内力受混凝土收缩徐变长期作用及温度变化影响更大.文中以某大桥为研究背景,探讨了各种不同的合龙温度对结构产生的影响,并运用有限元软件桥梁博士建模计算出各种合龙方案的理论顶推量,推导出各合龙方案的顶推力,并针对各种合龙方案的顶推效果进行对比以确定最佳的合龙方案.

基于易损性的高墩多塔斜拉桥纵向减震控制研究

为研究常用的减震控制方式在高墩多塔斜拉桥这种新型结构中的减震效果,以一座墩高178 m的斜拉桥为例,建立了非线性有限元动力分析模型。从PEER强震数据库中选取80条实测地震波进行非线性时程分析;结合结构的特点,定义各关键构件的损伤指标;基于易损性分析理论,建立了关键构件及桥梁系统的易损性曲线;以铅芯橡胶支座和黏滞阻尼器为代表,通过易损性曲线对比研究了不同控制参数和布置形式下,位移型及速度型两类减震控制方式的减震效果;结合桥梁实际情况确定最优的减震方案。分析结果表明:由于高墩的影响,斜拉桥的支座系统、主梁和拉索的损伤概率显著增加,而索塔损伤相对轻微;由于传力机理的差异,不同布置形式下控制参数对减震效果的影响规律不同;无论是位移型还是速度型控制方式,梁端布置形式的减震效果均优于塔梁布置形式;对于相同的布置形式,速度型控制方式较位移型控制方式效果更加显著。

高墩多跨连续刚构桥合龙顶推力计算方法探索

预应力混凝土连续刚构桥受力合理,施工便捷,造价经济,行车舒适等优点逐渐向高墩、多跨大跨径方向发展。但由于成桥后的混凝土收缩、徐变及温度变化对其主梁和桥墩的变形将产生较大的影响。以某连续刚构桥为工程背景,充分考虑合龙方案和顶推力大小为主要因素,对高墩多跨连续刚构桥合龙顶推力计算方法进行了研究,探索了合龙顶推力的简化计算公式。研究结果表明:不同的合龙方案决定顶推力的大小及顶推效果,合理的合龙方案及顶推力大小有利于改善主梁及桥墩的变形。

多跨高墩变截面梁桥的动力学特性研究

研究多跨高墩变截面梁桥的自由振动特性。计算主梁截面等效面积和等效惯性矩,将桥墩简化成弹性支承,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论建立了一个带有多个弹性支承的多跨高墩桥梁分析模型。将弹性支承反力看作是梁上的未知外力,计算主梁固有频率及振型,计算结果与有限元结果具有很好的一致性。分析了主梁截面变化率与桥墩高度对主梁固有频率以及振型的影响,研究结果可为多跨高墩变截面梁桥的合理设计提供参考。

液压滑模技术在多跨桥梁中的应用

液压滑模施工技术是多跨桥梁钢筋混凝土工程的一种施工方法,具有机械化程度高、施工速度快、占用场地少、安全有保障、综合效益好等特点。结合工程实例,从高墩多跨桥梁液压滑模构造和工作原理出发,并与其他施工方法进行对比,阐述了液压滑模技术的优点以及防止滑模偏移的措施,以助该技术的推广应用。

多跨高低墩连续刚构桥主梁合龙顶推力取值方法

为研究多跨高低墩连续刚构桥中跨合龙顶推力的取值方法,论文基于依托工程建立了空间梁单元有限元模型,根据力学原理讨论了顶推力取值的目标,分析了主墩位移及控制截面内力改善程度,提出了顶推力取值方法。研究结果表明:通过位移补偿法确定顶推力值可行;对于多跨高低墩连续刚构桥,因为多个桥墩之间刚度的差异,顶推力对主墩受力的改善程度不完全相同。顶推力可显著减小运营阶段边主墩的墩底永久性弯矩,大幅降低墩身的应力水平。顶推力对承载能力极限状态下桥墩弯矩极值具有显著削峰作用,有效提高了桥梁运营性能。

浅谈山区公路桥梁的设计与分析

本文以一条山区一级公路桥梁设计为例,依据实际地形地质,通过桥梁方案比选,在40m跨径的T梁与90m跨径的连续刚构之间进行的桥型比选,最终选用50+4×90+50m的多跨连续刚构作为推荐方案,通过施工图设计和计算,总结经验,以相关工程提供借鉴。