Dynamic Response Impact of Vehicle Braking on Simply Supported Beam Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

A novel approach for analyzing coupled vibrations between vehicles and bridges is presented,taking into account spatiotemporal effects and mechanical phenomena resulting fromvehicle braking.Efficient modeling and solution of bridge vibrations induced by vehicle deceleration are realized using this method.The method’s validity and reliability are substantiated through numerical examples.A simply supported beam bridge with a corrugated steel web is taken as an example and the effects of parameters such as the initial vehicle speed,braking acceleration,braking location,and road surface roughness on the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge are analyzed.The results show that vehicle braking significantly amplifies mid-span displacement and impact factor responses in comparison to uniform vehicular motion across the bridge.Notably,the influence of wheelto-bridge friction forces is of particular significance and cannot be overlooked.When the vehicle initiates braking near the middle of the span,both the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge exhibit substantial increases,further escalating with higher braking acceleration.Under favorable road surface conditions,the midspan displacement and the impact factor during vehicle braking may exceed the design values stipulated by codes.It is important to note that road surface roughness exerts a more pronounced effect on the impact factor of the bridge in comparison to the effects of vehicle braking.

Effect of temperature difference load of 32 m simply supported box beam bridge on track vertical irregularity

In order to study the effect of temperature difference load （TDL） along the vertical direction of a simply supported beam bridge section on the vertical irregularity, a rail-bridge-piers calculation model was established. Taking 32 m simply supported box beam bridge which is widely used in the construction of pas- senger dedicated line in China as an example, influences of the temperature variation between the bottom and top of the bridge, temperature curve index, type of temperature gradient, and beam height on track vertical irregularity were analyzed with the model. The results show that TDL has more effects on long wave track irregularity than on short one, and the wavelength mainly affected is approxi- mately equal to the beam span. The amplitude of irregu- larity caused by TDL is largely affected by the temperature variation, temperature curve index, and type of temperature gradient, so it is necessary to monitor the temperaturedistribution of bridges in different regions to provide accurate calculation parameters. In order to avoid the irregularity exceeding the limit values, the height of 32, 48, and 64 m simply supported box beam bridges must not be less than 2.15, 3.2, and 4.05 m, respectively.

Wind tunnel measurement of aerodynamic characteristics of trains passing each other on a simply supported box girder bridge

The aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains passing each other was investigated on a simply supported box girder bridge,with a span of 32 m,under crosswinds.The bridge and train models,modeled at a geometric scale ratio of 1:30,were used to test the aerodynamic forces of the train,with the help of a designed moving test rig in the XNJD-3 wind tunnel.The effects of wind speed,train speed,and yaw angle on the aerodynamic coefficients of the train were analyzed.The static and moving model tests were compared to demonstrate how the movement of the train influences its aerodynamic characteristics.The results show that the sheltering effect introduced by trains passing each other can cause a sudden change in force on the leeward train,which is further influenced by the wind and running speeds.Detailed analyses related to the effect of wind and train speeds on the aerodynamic coefficients were conducted.The relationship between the change in aerodynamic coefficients and yaw angle was finally described by a series of proposed fitting formulas.

Damage Identification in Simply Supported Bridge Based on Rotational-Angle Influence Lines Method

To locate and quantify local damage in a simply supported bridge, in this study, we derived a rotational-angle influence line equation of a simply supported beam model with local damage. Using the diagram multiplication method, we introduce an analytical formula for a novel damage-identification indicator, namely the diff erence of rotational-angle influence linescurvature(DRAIL-C). If the initial stiff ness of the simply supported beam is known, the analytical formula can be effectively used to determine the extent of damage under certain circumstances. We determined the effectiveness and anti-noise performance of this new damage-identification method using numerical examples of a simply supported beam, a simply supported hollow-slab bridge, and a simply supported truss bridge. The results show that the DRAIL-C is directly proportional to the moving concentrated load and inversely proportional to the distance between the bridge support and the concentrated load and the distance between the damaged truss girder and the angle measuring points. The DRAIL-C indicator is more sensitive to the damage in a steel-truss-bridge bottom chord than it is to the other elements.

Longitudinal forces of continuously welded track on high-speed railway cable-stayed bridge considering impact of adjacent bridges

A proven beam-track contact model was used to analyze the track-structure interaction of CWR (continuously welded track) on bridge. Considering the impact of adjacent bridges, the tower-cable-track-beam-pier-pile finite element model of the cable-stayed bridge was established. Taking a bridge group including 40-32m simply-supported beam and (32+80+112)m single-tower cable-stayed bridge and 17-32m simply-supported beam on the Kunming-Shanghai high-speed railway as an example, the characteristics of CWR longitudinal force on the cable-stayed bridge were studied. It is shown that adjacent bridges must be considered in the calculation of the track expansion force and bending force on cable-stayed bridge. When the span amount of adjacent bridges is too numerous, it can be simplified as six spans; the fixed bearing of adjacent simply-supported beams should be placed on the side near the cable-stayed bridge; the track expansion device should be set at the bridge tower to reduce the track force near the bridge abutment.

Seismic analysis of high-speed railway irregular bridge–track system considering V-shaped canyon effect

To explore the effect of canyon topography on the seismic response of railway irregular bridge-track system that crosses a V-shaped canyon, seismic ground motions of the horizontal site and V-shaped canyon site were simulated through theoretical analysis with 12 earthquake records selected from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center(PEER) Strong Ground Motion Database matching the site condition of the bridge.Nonlinear seismic response analyses of an existing 11-span irregular simply supported railway bridge-track system were performed under the simulated spatially varying ground motions. The effects of the V-shaped canyon topography on the peak ground acceleration at bridge foundations and seismic responses of the bridge-track system were analyzed. Comparisons between the results of horizontal and V-shaped canyon sites show that the top relative displacement between adjacent piers at the junction of the incident side and the back side of the V-shaped site is almost two times that of the horizontal site, which also determines the seismic response of the fastener. The maximum displacement of the fastener occurs in the V-shaped canyon site and is 1.4 times larger than that in the horizontal site. Neglecting the effect of V-shaped canyon leads to the inappropriate assessment of the maximum seismic response of the irregular high-speed railway bridge-track system. Moreover, engineers should focus on the girder end to the left or right of the two fasteners within the distance of track seismic damage.

基于桥梁响应的高速铁路简支梁离心力折减方法

为分析规范离心力计算公式中竖向活载折减系数的理论来源,建立列车-曲线桥-墩系统的空间模型进行车桥耦合振动仿真计算。提出以桥梁动力响应与设计离心力产生的静力响应之比作为竖向活载折减系数的方法,结合反向传播神经网络分析列车车速、桥梁墩高、跨度、曲线半径等因素对折减系数的影响程度。结果表明:车速对折减系数的影响最大,其次为桥梁跨度;竖向活载折减系数反映了列车荷载图式中设计活载与运营列车轴重的差异,折减系数应与列车荷载图式、实际运营列车相匹配;现行规范中竖向活载折减系数公式对中国高速铁路ZK荷载具有良好的适配性,能满足高速铁路简支梁离心力设计的要求。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

Damage Detection for Simply Supported Bridge with Bending Fuzzy Stiffness Consideration

The benchmark of a simply supported beam with damage and bending fuzzy stiffness consideration is established to be utilized for damage detection. The explicit expression describing the Rotational Angle Influence Lines(RAIL) of the arbitrary section in the benchmark is presented as the nonlinear relation between the moving load and the RAIL appeared, when the moving load is located on the damage area. The damage detection method is derived based on the Difference of the RAIL Curvature(DRAIL-C) prior to and following arbitrarily section damage in a simply supported beam with bending fuzzy stiffness consideration. The results demonstrate that the damage position can be located by the DRAIL-C graph and the damage extent can be calculated by the DRAIL-C curve peak. The simply supported box girder as a one-dimensional model and the simply supported truss bridge as a three-dimensional model with the bending fuzzy stiffness are simulated for the validity of the proposed method to be verified. The measuring point position and noise intensity effects are discussed in the simply supported box girder example. This paper provides a new consideration and technique for the damage detection of a simply supported bridge with bending fuzzy stiffness consideration.

跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥地震反应特征与参数分析

为揭示跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥的地震响应规律,以1座4跨简支梁桥为研究对象,基于OpenSees建立了3维动力弹塑性分析模型;采用“分解-叠加”法合成40组跨断层地震动,以多点激励的方式输入到建立的动力分析模型,进行非线性动力时程分析,研究了跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥在地震动作用下的地震反应特征,分析了断层的穿越角度和穿越位置对跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥地震响应的影响。结果表明:地震动作用下跨走滑断层桥梁结构会发生剧烈的位移反应;断层穿越角度和穿越位置对桥梁地震反应有显著的影响;地震动作用下跨断层简支梁桥的扭转效应不可忽视。

预应力效应对中速磁浮线路简支梁车-桥耦合振动响应的影响

以长沙磁浮线路简支梁桥为研究对象,建立考虑不同预应力效应的磁浮线路简支梁桥车-桥耦合振动模型,分析预应力效应对中速磁浮线路车-桥耦合振动响应的影响。结果表明:预应力效应的变化对桥梁动力响应影响明显,预应力增加显著加剧桥梁竖向振动加速度,预应力由0.67P0(P0为张拉控制应力)增加到1.33P0时,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.21 m/s^(2)增至0.44 m/s^(2);车速增加会加剧预应力效应的影响,对桥梁竖向振动加速度的影响尤为明显,车速由20 km/h增加到200 km/h时,在1.00P0作用下,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.15 m/s^(2)增至0.76 m/s^(2);箱壁局部变形对车-桥耦合竖向振动响应有显著影响,预应力导致的箱壁局部变形不可忽略。

Probability-based practice-oriented seismic behaviour assessment of simply supported RC bridges considering the variation and correlation in pier performance

Probability-based seismic performance assessment of in-service bridges has gained much attention in the scientific community during the past decades. The nonlinear static pushover analysis is critical for describing the seismic behaviour of bridges subjected to moderate to high seismicity due to its simplicity. However, in existing analysis methods,the generation of pushover curve needs tremendous amount of computational costs and requires skills, which may halter its application in practice, implying the importance of developing practice-oriented analysis method with improved efficiency. Moreover, the bridge pier performance has been modelled as deterministic, indicating that the variation associated with the pier material and mechanical properties remains unaddressed. The correlation in the performance of different piers also exists due to the common design provisions and construction conditions but has neither been taken into account. This paper develops a simplified pushover analysis procedure for the seismic assessment of simply supported RC bridges. With the proposed method, the pushover curve of the bridge can be obtained explicitly without complex finite element modelling. A random factor is introduced to reflect the uncertainty in relation to the pushover curve. The correlation in the pier performance is considered by employing the Gaussian copula function to construct the joint probability distribution. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate theapplicability of the method and to investigate the impact of variation and correlation in bridge pier behaviour on the seismic performance assessment.

孟加拉38 m简支梁桥墩纵向水平刚度限值研究

研究目的:孟加拉帕德玛大桥铁路连接线为“一带一路”重点工程项目之一,在高架桥上铺设跨区间无砟轨道无缝线路,且高架桥主要采用38 m混凝土简支箱梁。为指导孟加拉38 m混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计,建立轨道-桥梁-墩台一体化仿真分析模型,研究桥墩纵向水平刚度对无缝线路力学性能的影响规律,基于钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移和钢轨断缝限值,提出满足38 m混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路铺设的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值。研究结论:(1)钢轨伸缩力和挠曲力随桥墩纵向水平刚度的增大而增大,钢轨制动力、梁轨相对位移和钢轨断缝值均随桥墩纵向水平刚度的增大而减小;(2)采用UIC规范参数时,桥墩纵向水平刚度限值受梁轨相对位移控制;(3)采用中国规范参数时,桥墩纵向水平刚度限值受钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移、钢轨温度变化幅度和机车牵引类型共同控制;(4)采用UIC规范时的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值小于中国规范的规定值,综合考虑钢轨强度、梁轨相对位移、机车牵引类型的影响,钢轨温度变化幅度分别为50℃、40℃和30℃,采用UIC规范时,建议38 m混凝土简支箱梁的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值取200 kN/cm;采用中国规范时,建议38 m混凝土简支箱梁的桥墩纵向水平刚度限值取550、250和250 kN/cm;(5)本研究成果可为相关客货共线铁路混凝土简支箱梁桥上无缝线路及桥墩设计提供参考和借鉴。

基于摩擦摆支座的高速铁路简支梁桥减隔震效果分析

为研究摩擦摆支座在高速铁路简支箱梁桥的减隔震效果,以24、32、40m典型跨径高速铁路简支梁桥为研究对象,采用MIDAS/Civil有限元软件分别建立传统抗震体系和减隔震体系模型进行非线性动力时程分析,研究桥梁墩高、桥梁跨径和地震动峰值加速度(PGA)等因素对简支梁桥地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:桥墩墩高和截面形式对墩底内力和墩顶位移的减震效果有较大影响,但在5~20m墩高内受墩高的影响更为显著;墩高从5m增加到20m时,墩底内力减震率分别为80%、35%,墩高从25m增加到45m时,墩底内力减震率分别为46%、37%;桥梁跨径对结构减震率有一定影响,但在10%以内;PGA对墩底内力和墩顶位移的减震率总体上影响较小;墩高和PGA对FPB支座位移影响较大,PGA影响更为显著,支座位移增大倍数明显大于对应的PGA增加倍数。

气象数据驱动的拉林铁路简支T梁温致变形预测

为快速、准确预测日照环境下高原铁路桥梁的温度变形效应,基于长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)提出了一种气象数据驱动的桥梁温度变形智能预测模型。以拉林铁路简支T梁为背景,采用热力耦合有限元仿真分析,构建了“气象数据—温度变形”映射的样本数据库,以此训练预测模型并对桥梁温致变形进行预测。结果表明,LSTM模型表现出了较高的精度和优势,其梁体竖向挠度预测的决定系数(R2)超过0.97,平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)较反向传播神经网络(BP)模型提升超过70%,较随机森林(RF)模型分别提升了24%和27%。预测挠度与真实值在趋势和数值方面均基本一致,表明所提出的预测方法性能优异,为高原铁路轨道平顺性变化规律研究及动态检测数据评价提供参考。

基于有限元分析的简支梁桥桥面防水粘结层力学响应研究

防水粘结层被破坏是导致简支梁桥桥面铺装出现病害的主要原因。通过数值模拟对不同简支梁桥桥型进行防水粘结层力学响应分析,明确防水粘结层在不同桥型结构中的受力状态,总结沥青铺装层模量和厚度对防水粘结层力学响应指标的影响。研究结果表明,简支梁桥桥型对防水粘结层力学响应的影响不大;增加沥青铺装层模量对控制防水粘结层最大拉应力和沥青铺装层变形能起到较好的作用;增加沥青铺装层厚度能有效控制防水粘结层法向拉应力和分散车轮荷载。研究结果能够为桥面铺装的结构设计提供理论基础,提高简支梁桥的服役寿命。

先简支后连续小箱梁桥补强方案研究

针对先简支后连续小箱梁桥实际施工中预应力张拉顺序偏差导致负弯矩区部分混凝土压应力储备不足的情况,提出了采用高延性混凝土铺装和施工体外预应力两种补强方案。通过有限元模型计算当前施工状态及预测成桥后结构的应力水平,并对比分析了两种方案的补强效果;有限元分析结果表明,采用高延性混凝土铺装的补强方案运营阶段主梁上下缘均不会出现开裂,采用该方案补强后桥梁荷载试验表明桥梁结构的承载力及抗裂性能够满足设计荷载要求。

基于BP人工神经网络的简支梁桥结构振动响应预测

针对有限元模型存在工作量大、计算耗时、无法实现结构响应的快速预测等问题,提出了基于BP神经网络算法的简支梁桥结构应力与位移预测模型。以某简支梁桥为工程背景,通过Midas/Civil有限元软件建立三维杆系有限元模型,并在考虑参数不确定性的基础上使用有限元模型得到完善的训练与测试样本数据集,建立了基于人工神经网络的桥梁结构响应预测模型。研究结果表明,构建的人工神经网络预测模型可在满足预测精度的基础上实现结构响应的快速预测,荷载试验实测值与模型预测值的最大误差在12.46%以内,且拟合优度均在0.9以上。该预测模型后期可与桥梁健康监测系统相结合,实现简支梁桥结构响应的实时分析,可应用于简支梁的结构响应评估工作。

济南某复杂综合体结构设计难点研究

济南某复杂综合体项目由两座约90m高塔楼+大底盘商业裙房+低区U形幕墙+高区拱形连桥组成,高区连体建筑采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座与塔楼相连,低区采用两端固定铰支座与塔楼相连,为大底盘多塔复杂连体结构。塔楼采用钢筋混凝土框架-核心筒结构体系,高区拱形连桥采用钢结构空腹桁架结构体系,低区U形幕墙采用劲性索体系。针对工程特点,着重阐述了大底盘裙房不分缝可行性及低、高区弱连体的合理支座形式,提出了采用两端固定铰U形劲性索的弱连体新形式。结果表明:低区U形幕墙采用两端固定铰连接形式,高区连桥采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座连接形式均能较好地实现弱连接,保证塔楼和连桥的抗震性能。

大跨度铁路斜拉桥索力快速识别方法研究

大跨度铁路桥梁天窗时间有限且上道条件苛刻,如何基于常规监测设备利用简易方式实现大跨度铁路斜拉桥索力高精度识别十分重要。研究提出一种考虑斜拉索抗弯刚度的索力快速识别方法,既可提高索力识别精度又可大量简化运营期索力识别步骤,且不受拉索边界条件和铁路桥梁实际运营状态的限制。研究表明,抗弯刚度是对索力识别精度影响较大的因素之一,通过考虑拉索实际抗弯刚度可以提高索力识别的准确性,基于拉索加速度振动实测数据在拉索简支梁模型基础上建立索频、索力以及抗弯刚度的函数关系,通过数值方法计算实测多阶模态下抗弯刚度—索力连续变化图,再通过多阶模态的交线则可进一步确定拉索的唯一抗弯刚度和索力值,并以某大跨度铁路斜拉桥为依托工程,对方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明:(1)该方法识别的索力结果相对误差可降低5.22%,换算成绝对索力值可达254.45 kN;(2)在实际应用中识别结果易受到低阶频率干扰,宜采用拉索高阶频率进行识别,建议采用5阶及以上实测频率。