We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element(hogel)affects the reconstruction of a 3 D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspec...We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element(hogel)affects the reconstruction of a 3 D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method(EPISM).First,the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium.Second,combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram's diffraction efficiency,the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode.The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system.The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram,which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram.Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments,hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image,consistent with the theoretical analysis.展开更多
Spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks(SDM-EONs) are the potential implementation form of future optical transport networks, because it can curve the physical limitation of achievable transmiss...Spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks(SDM-EONs) are the potential implementation form of future optical transport networks, because it can curve the physical limitation of achievable transmission capacity in single-mode fiber and single-core fiber. However, spectrum fragmentation issue becomes more serious in SDM-EONs compared with simple elastic optical networks(EONs) with single mode fiber or single core fiber. In this paper, multicore virtual concatenation(MCVC) scheme is first proposed considering inter-core crosstalk to solve the spectrum fragmentation issue in SDM-EONs. Simulation results show that the proposed MCVC scheme can achieve better performance compared with the baseline scheme, i.e., single-core virtual concatenation(SCVC) scheme, in terms of blocking probability and spectrum utilization.展开更多
Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) is a high spectral efficiency Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique used to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems. The main concept of QSM is t...Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) is a high spectral efficiency Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique used to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems. The main concept of QSM is to extend the spatial constellation of the conventional Spatial Modulation (SM) in both the in-phase and quadrature components of the data symbol. In this paper, because QSM-based on Interleaxdng Division Multiplexing (IDM) has not been introduced in the literature as a multiple antenna system, we introduced a novel scheme, called QSM system based on Interleaving Division Multiplexing (QSM-IDM). The antenna sets are also applied to a spreader, before being used to assign an antenna number for information transmission. Analysis and simulations for a flat fading channel show that the proposed QSM-IDM method significantly outperforms the original QSM system with the same data rate, while maintaining a relatively acceptable complexity. The obtained simulation results show that the conducted analysis yields significant improvements for the accuracy of the proposed scheme, with satisfactory complexity.展开更多
As a promising solution, virtualization is vigorously developed to eliminate the ossification of traditional Internet infrastructure and enhance the flexibility in sharing the substrate network (SN) resources includin...As a promising solution, virtualization is vigorously developed to eliminate the ossification of traditional Internet infrastructure and enhance the flexibility in sharing the substrate network (SN) resources including computing, storage, bandwidth, etc. With network virtualization, cloud service providers can utilize the shared substrate resources to provision virtual networks (VNs) and facilitate a wide and diverse range of applications. As more and more internet applications migrate to the cloud, the resource efficiency and the survivability of VNs, such as single link failure or large-scale disaster survivability, have become crucial issues. Elastic optical networks have emerged in recent years as a strategy for dealing with the divergence of network application bandwidth needs. The network capacity has been constrained due to the usage of only two multiplexing dimensions. As transmission rates rise, so does the demand for network failure protection. Due to their end-to-end solutions, those safe-guarding paths are of particular importance among the protection methods. Due to their end-to-end solutions, those safeguarding paths are of particular importance among the protection methods. This paper presents approaches that provide a failure-independent route-protecting p-cycle for path protection in space-division multiplexed elastic optical networks. This letter looks at two SDM network challenges and presents a heuristic technique (k-shortest path) for each. In the first approach, we study a virtual network embedding (SVNE) problem and propose an algorithm for EONs, which can combat against single-link failures. We evaluate the proposed POPETA algorithm and compare its performance with some counterpart algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance in terms of spectrum utilization and blocking ratio, even if with a higher backup redundancy ratio.展开更多
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency or transmission reliability through spatial multiplexing or diversity respectively.Most of previou...Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency or transmission reliability through spatial multiplexing or diversity respectively.Most of previous works mainly have focused on the multiplexing-diversity tradeoff or switching between multiplexing and diversity without considering the property of heterogeneous QoS provisioning.In this paper,switching between multiplexing and diversity in MIMO system with the heterogeneous QoS provisioning is studied.Firstly the QoS provisioning for users are classified into two classes:users with real time service requirement and users with non-real time service requirement respectively.Then based on the heterogeneous QoS Provisioning for users,two different switching criterions are proposed,switching based on the Euclidean distance for users with real time service to minimize the probability of symbol error and capacity-based switching criterion for users with non-real time service to maximize the transmission capacity respectively.Finally,numerical simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the performance of proposed scheme.展开更多
Diverse spatial mode bases can be exploited in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)to sustain the capacity growth in fiber-optic communications,such as linearly polarized(LP)modes,vector modes,LP orbital angular momentum(L...Diverse spatial mode bases can be exploited in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)to sustain the capacity growth in fiber-optic communications,such as linearly polarized(LP)modes,vector modes,LP orbital angular momentum(LP-OAM)modes,and circularly polarized OAM(CP-OAM)modes.Nevertheless,which kind of mode bases is more appropriate to be utilized in fiber still remains unclear.Here,we aim to find the superior mode basis in MDM fiber-optic communications via a system-level comparison in air-core fiber(ACF).We first investigate the walk-off effect of four spatial mode bases over 1-km ACF,where LP and LP-OAM modes show intrinsic mode walk-off,while it is negligible for vector and CP-OAM modes.We then study the mode coupling effect of degenerate vector and CP-OAM modes over 1-km ACF under fiber perturbations,where degenerate even and odd vector modes suffer severe mode cross talk,while negligible for highorder degenerate CP-OAM modes based on the laws of angular momentum conservation.Moreover,we comprehensively evaluate the system-level performance for data-carrying single-channel and two-channel MDM transmission with different spatial mode bases under various kinds of fiber perturbations(bending,twisting,pressing,winding,and out-of-plane moving).The obtained results indicate that the CP-OAM mode basis shows superiority compared to other mode bases in MDM fiber-optic communications without using multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing.Our findings may pave the way for robust shortreach MDM optical interconnects for data centers and high-performance computing.展开更多
In this article, a method based on max signal interference noise ratio（SINR） criterion is proposed, to mitigate the interuser interference for downlink multiuser spatial multiplexing multi-input multi-output（MIMO）...In this article, a method based on max signal interference noise ratio（SINR） criterion is proposed, to mitigate the interuser interference for downlink multiuser spatial multiplexing multi-input multi-output（MIMO） systems. Unlike the zero forcing （ZF） scheme in which the SNR is decreased when the interference is eliminated completely, max SINR method makes a compromise between noise and interuser interference. When the number of substreams is larger than the difference between the number of base station antennas and the sum of interference mobile station antennas, the ZF is infeasible An existing coordinated TX-RX block diagonalization（COOR BD） method uses preprocessing at the receiver to cancel the interuser interference. However, it cannot obtain more receive diversity gain because of the preprocessing. Analysis and simulation show that the max SINR scheme has better performance than the ZF method. Moreover, when the ZF is infeasible, the max SINR scheme can obtain more receive diversity gain than COOR BD in the two-user case.展开更多
Accurate estimationand real-time compensation for phase offset and Doppler shift are essential for coherent multi-input multi-output(MIMO)systems.Here,a spatial multiplexing MIMO scheme with non-coherent frequency-shi...Accurate estimationand real-time compensation for phase offset and Doppler shift are essential for coherent multi-input multi-output(MIMO)systems.Here,a spatial multiplexing MIMO scheme with non-coherent frequency-shift keying(FSK)detection is proposed.It is immune to random phase interference and Doppler shift while increasing capacity.It is valuable that the proposed spatial multiplexing MIMO based on energy detection(ED)is equivalent to a linear system,and there is no mutual interference caused by the product of simultaneous signals in square-law processing.The equivalent MIMO channel model is derived as a real matrix,which remains maximal multiplexing capacity and reduces the channel estimation complexity.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has outstanding performance over Rician flat fading channel,and experimental system obtains four times the capacity through 4 antennas on both transmitter and receiver.展开更多
Optical spatial modulation （OSM） is a multiple-transmitter technique that can provide higher data rates with low system complexity as compared with single-input single-output systems. Orthogonal frequency division m...Optical spatial modulation （OSM） is a multiple-transmitter technique that can provide higher data rates with low system complexity as compared with single-input single-output systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） is widely implemented to achieve better spectral efficiency in wireless channels. Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM （O-OFDM） and DC-biased O-OFDM are two well-known O-OFDM techniques suitable for intensity-modulation direct-detection optical systems. In this work, sample indexed spatial OFDM （SIS-OFDM） is proposed to combine OSM and O-OFDM in a novel way and achieve significant per- formance gain. By assigning time-domain samples of the O-OFDM transmit symbol to different transmitters, SIS-OFDM achieves much better spectral efficiency and reduces computational complexity at the transmitter as compared with previous work that combines OSM with O-OFDM in the frequency domain. We also consider the impact of optical source biasing on overall performance, and the relative performance of imaging receiver （ImR） versus non-imaging receiver （NImR） design for our proposed SIS-OFDM technique. Results indicate that for an Ntx x Nrx multiple-input multiple-output configuration where Nix = N = 4, SIS-OFDM using ImR can achieve up to 135 dB of signal-to-noise ratio gain over comparable system using a NImR. Also, using Nc number of O-OFDM subcarriers provides up to Nsc × log2（Ntx） additional bits per symbol of spectral efficiency over technioues that combine OSM and O-OFDM in the freollencv domain.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB1104500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61775240)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.201432)。
文摘We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element(hogel)affects the reconstruction of a 3 D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method(EPISM).First,the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium.Second,combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram's diffraction efficiency,the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode.The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system.The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram,which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram.Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments,hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image,consistent with the theoretical analysis.
基金supported in part by NSFC project (61571058, 61601052)
文摘Spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks(SDM-EONs) are the potential implementation form of future optical transport networks, because it can curve the physical limitation of achievable transmission capacity in single-mode fiber and single-core fiber. However, spectrum fragmentation issue becomes more serious in SDM-EONs compared with simple elastic optical networks(EONs) with single mode fiber or single core fiber. In this paper, multicore virtual concatenation(MCVC) scheme is first proposed considering inter-core crosstalk to solve the spectrum fragmentation issue in SDM-EONs. Simulation results show that the proposed MCVC scheme can achieve better performance compared with the baseline scheme, i.e., single-core virtual concatenation(SCVC) scheme, in terms of blocking probability and spectrum utilization.
文摘Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) is a high spectral efficiency Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technique used to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems. The main concept of QSM is to extend the spatial constellation of the conventional Spatial Modulation (SM) in both the in-phase and quadrature components of the data symbol. In this paper, because QSM-based on Interleaxdng Division Multiplexing (IDM) has not been introduced in the literature as a multiple antenna system, we introduced a novel scheme, called QSM system based on Interleaving Division Multiplexing (QSM-IDM). The antenna sets are also applied to a spreader, before being used to assign an antenna number for information transmission. Analysis and simulations for a flat fading channel show that the proposed QSM-IDM method significantly outperforms the original QSM system with the same data rate, while maintaining a relatively acceptable complexity. The obtained simulation results show that the conducted analysis yields significant improvements for the accuracy of the proposed scheme, with satisfactory complexity.
文摘As a promising solution, virtualization is vigorously developed to eliminate the ossification of traditional Internet infrastructure and enhance the flexibility in sharing the substrate network (SN) resources including computing, storage, bandwidth, etc. With network virtualization, cloud service providers can utilize the shared substrate resources to provision virtual networks (VNs) and facilitate a wide and diverse range of applications. As more and more internet applications migrate to the cloud, the resource efficiency and the survivability of VNs, such as single link failure or large-scale disaster survivability, have become crucial issues. Elastic optical networks have emerged in recent years as a strategy for dealing with the divergence of network application bandwidth needs. The network capacity has been constrained due to the usage of only two multiplexing dimensions. As transmission rates rise, so does the demand for network failure protection. Due to their end-to-end solutions, those safe-guarding paths are of particular importance among the protection methods. Due to their end-to-end solutions, those safeguarding paths are of particular importance among the protection methods. This paper presents approaches that provide a failure-independent route-protecting p-cycle for path protection in space-division multiplexed elastic optical networks. This letter looks at two SDM network challenges and presents a heuristic technique (k-shortest path) for each. In the first approach, we study a virtual network embedding (SVNE) problem and propose an algorithm for EONs, which can combat against single-link failures. We evaluate the proposed POPETA algorithm and compare its performance with some counterpart algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance in terms of spectrum utilization and blocking ratio, even if with a higher backup redundancy ratio.
基金Sponsored by the Major Projects of National Science and Technology(Grant No.2009ZX03003-003-01)the National Science Fund Young Scholars(Grant No.61001115)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(Grant No.4102044)
文摘Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency or transmission reliability through spatial multiplexing or diversity respectively.Most of previous works mainly have focused on the multiplexing-diversity tradeoff or switching between multiplexing and diversity without considering the property of heterogeneous QoS provisioning.In this paper,switching between multiplexing and diversity in MIMO system with the heterogeneous QoS provisioning is studied.Firstly the QoS provisioning for users are classified into two classes:users with real time service requirement and users with non-real time service requirement respectively.Then based on the heterogeneous QoS Provisioning for users,two different switching criterions are proposed,switching based on the Euclidean distance for users with real time service to minimize the probability of symbol error and capacity-based switching criterion for users with non-real time service to maximize the transmission capacity respectively.Finally,numerical simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the performance of proposed scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62125503 and 62261160388)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2203604)+2 种基金the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province of China(Grant Nos.2020BAB001 and 2021BAA024)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20200109114018750)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(Grant No.OVL2021BG004)。
文摘Diverse spatial mode bases can be exploited in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)to sustain the capacity growth in fiber-optic communications,such as linearly polarized(LP)modes,vector modes,LP orbital angular momentum(LP-OAM)modes,and circularly polarized OAM(CP-OAM)modes.Nevertheless,which kind of mode bases is more appropriate to be utilized in fiber still remains unclear.Here,we aim to find the superior mode basis in MDM fiber-optic communications via a system-level comparison in air-core fiber(ACF).We first investigate the walk-off effect of four spatial mode bases over 1-km ACF,where LP and LP-OAM modes show intrinsic mode walk-off,while it is negligible for vector and CP-OAM modes.We then study the mode coupling effect of degenerate vector and CP-OAM modes over 1-km ACF under fiber perturbations,where degenerate even and odd vector modes suffer severe mode cross talk,while negligible for highorder degenerate CP-OAM modes based on the laws of angular momentum conservation.Moreover,we comprehensively evaluate the system-level performance for data-carrying single-channel and two-channel MDM transmission with different spatial mode bases under various kinds of fiber perturbations(bending,twisting,pressing,winding,and out-of-plane moving).The obtained results indicate that the CP-OAM mode basis shows superiority compared to other mode bases in MDM fiber-optic communications without using multiple-input multiple-output digital signal processing.Our findings may pave the way for robust shortreach MDM optical interconnects for data centers and high-performance computing.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.62071276)the Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2020YFC0833203).
文摘In this article, a method based on max signal interference noise ratio（SINR） criterion is proposed, to mitigate the interuser interference for downlink multiuser spatial multiplexing multi-input multi-output（MIMO） systems. Unlike the zero forcing （ZF） scheme in which the SNR is decreased when the interference is eliminated completely, max SINR method makes a compromise between noise and interuser interference. When the number of substreams is larger than the difference between the number of base station antennas and the sum of interference mobile station antennas, the ZF is infeasible An existing coordinated TX-RX block diagonalization（COOR BD） method uses preprocessing at the receiver to cancel the interuser interference. However, it cannot obtain more receive diversity gain because of the preprocessing. Analysis and simulation show that the max SINR scheme has better performance than the ZF method. Moreover, when the ZF is infeasible, the max SINR scheme can obtain more receive diversity gain than COOR BD in the two-user case.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571149,61761014)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan(Guike AB18126030)。
文摘Accurate estimationand real-time compensation for phase offset and Doppler shift are essential for coherent multi-input multi-output(MIMO)systems.Here,a spatial multiplexing MIMO scheme with non-coherent frequency-shift keying(FSK)detection is proposed.It is immune to random phase interference and Doppler shift while increasing capacity.It is valuable that the proposed spatial multiplexing MIMO based on energy detection(ED)is equivalent to a linear system,and there is no mutual interference caused by the product of simultaneous signals in square-law processing.The equivalent MIMO channel model is derived as a real matrix,which remains maximal multiplexing capacity and reduces the channel estimation complexity.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has outstanding performance over Rician flat fading channel,and experimental system obtains four times the capacity through 4 antennas on both transmitter and receiver.
基金supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant No.EEC-0812056
文摘Optical spatial modulation （OSM） is a multiple-transmitter technique that can provide higher data rates with low system complexity as compared with single-input single-output systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） is widely implemented to achieve better spectral efficiency in wireless channels. Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM （O-OFDM） and DC-biased O-OFDM are two well-known O-OFDM techniques suitable for intensity-modulation direct-detection optical systems. In this work, sample indexed spatial OFDM （SIS-OFDM） is proposed to combine OSM and O-OFDM in a novel way and achieve significant per- formance gain. By assigning time-domain samples of the O-OFDM transmit symbol to different transmitters, SIS-OFDM achieves much better spectral efficiency and reduces computational complexity at the transmitter as compared with previous work that combines OSM with O-OFDM in the frequency domain. We also consider the impact of optical source biasing on overall performance, and the relative performance of imaging receiver （ImR） versus non-imaging receiver （NImR） design for our proposed SIS-OFDM technique. Results indicate that for an Ntx x Nrx multiple-input multiple-output configuration where Nix = N = 4, SIS-OFDM using ImR can achieve up to 135 dB of signal-to-noise ratio gain over comparable system using a NImR. Also, using Nc number of O-OFDM subcarriers provides up to Nsc × log2（Ntx） additional bits per symbol of spectral efficiency over technioues that combine OSM and O-OFDM in the freollencv domain.
