Focusing on the tetra-partite synapse in Parkinson’s disease research using human patient-derived neurons

Parkinson’s disease(PD)was first described as a neurological disease by Dr.James Parkinson in 1817 as a“shaking palsy”.Since that time,much more is known about the pathophysiology of PD yet the disease is still uncurable.The hallmark of the disease is often considered Lewy body neural inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and other brain areas,although not all patients have these inclusions.The patients exhibit massive neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta,which is associated with the motor symptoms of tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,and postural instability.PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease with a prevalence of around 1%of individuals over the age of 60.

Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with phase-controlled light focusing and aberration correction for rapid and label-free, volumetric deep tissue imaging

We report a novel stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)microscopy technique featuring phase-controlled light focusing and aberration corrections for rapid,deep tissue 3D chemical imaging with subcellular resolution.To accomplish phasecontrolled SRS(PC-SRS),we utilize a single spatial light modulator to electronically tune the axial positioning of both the shortened-length Bessel pump and the focused Gaussian Stokes beams,enabling z-scanning-free optical sectioning in the sample.By incorporating Zernike polynomials into the phase patterns,we simultaneously correct the system aberrations at two separate wavelengths(~240 nm difference),achieving a~3-fold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over the uncorrected imaging system.PC-SRS provides>2-fold improvement in imaging depth in various samples(e.g.,polystyrene bead phantoms,porcine brain tissue)as well as achieves SRS 3D imaging speed of~13 Hz per volume for real-time monitoring of Brownian motion of polymer beads in water,superior to conventional point-scanning SRS 3D imaging.We further utilize PC-SRS to observe the metabolic activities of the entire tumor liver in living zebrafish in cellsilent region,unraveling the upregulated metabolism in liver tumor compared to normal liver.This work shows that PCSRS provides unprecedented insights into morpho-chemistry,metabolic and dynamic functioning of live cells and tissue in real-time at the subcellular level.

Journal of Dermatologic Science and Cosmetic Technology: Focusing on skin health and beauty

We are pleased to announce that the Journal of Dermatologic Science and Cosmetic Technology,organized by the Guangdong Cosmetics Association,China and produced by KeAi(founded by China Science Publishing&Media Ltd.and Elsevier),will be officially released online on the ScienceDirect platform.This journal will serve as a high-level,international,and interdisciplinary academic exchange platform in the fields of dermatologic science and cosmetic technology.Its aim is to publish relevant research findings in dermatologic science and innovative cosmetic technologies,provide a comprehensive understanding of future trends in the cosmetics industry,and promote international exchange and cooperation between dermatologic science and the cosmetics industry.

FOCUS-PDCA在降低在新生儿院内尿布性皮炎发生率的应用研究

探讨FOCUS -PDCA在新生儿院内尿布性皮炎管理的应用效果。方法 选取2023年6月1日至2023年9月30日入住新生儿患儿 379例,按入院时间先后顺序分为对照组(2023年6月1号-2023年7月31号)和试验组(2023年8月1号-2023年9月31号)。对照组采取常规护理方案,试验组采取运用FOCUS -PDCA进行修订相关流程、护理常规、开展针对性培训、加强督查与干预等循环管理。比较2组新生儿院内尿布性皮炎发生率。结果 试验组院内尿布性皮炎发生率为9.2‰,低于对照组的25.2 ‰(χ2=4.410578,P<0.05);且2023年8月、9月新生儿院内尿布性皮炎的发生率分别为15.8‰、11.8‰,整体呈一个下降的趋势。结论 采用FOCUS -PDCA进行循环管理,实施培训、督查与干预用于新生儿住院患者管理,可降低其院内尿布性皮炎的发生率。

Three-dimensional isotropic microfabrication in glass using spatiotemporal focusing of high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses

To improve the processing efficiency and extend the tuning range of 3D isotropic fabrication,we apply the simultaneous spatiotemporal focusing(SSTF)technique to a high-repetition-rate femtosecond(fs)fiber laser system.In the SSTF scheme,we propose a pulse compensation scheme for the fiber laser with a narrow spectral bandwidth by building an extra-cavity pulse stretcher.We further demonstrate truly 3D isotropic microfabrication in photosensitive glass with a tunable resolution ranging from 8μm to 22μm using the SSTF of fs laser pulses.Moreover,we systematically investigate the influences of pulse energy,writing speed,processing depth,and spherical aberration on the fabrication resolution.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,the SSTF scheme was further employed for the fs laser-assisted etching of complicated glass microfluidic structures with 3D uniform sizes.The developed technique can be extended to many applications such as advanced photonics,3D biomimetic printing,micro-electromechanical systems,and lab-on-a-chips.

Properties of focused Laguerre–Gaussian beam propagating in anisotropic ocean turbulence

We analyze the properties of a focused Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)beam propagating through anisotropic ocean turbulence based on the Huygens–Fresnel principle.Under the Rytov approximation theory,we derive the analytical formula of the channel capacity of the focused LG beam in the anisotropic ocean turbulence,and analyze the relationship between the capacity and the light source parameters as well as the turbulent ocean parameters.It is found that the focusing mirror can greatly enhance the channel capacity of the system at the geometric focal plane in oceanic turbulence.The results also demonstrate that the communication link can obtain high channel capacity by adopting longer beam wavelength,greater initial beam waist radius,and larger number of transmission channels.Further,the capacity of the system increases with the decrease of the mean squared temperature dissipation rate,temperature-salinity contribution ratio and turbulence outer scale factor,and with the increase of the kinetic energy dissipation rate per unit mass of fluid,turbulence inner scale factor and anisotropy factor.Compared to a Hankel–Bessel beam with diffraction-free characteristics and unfocused LG beam,the focused LG beam shows superior anti-turbulence interference properties,which provide a theoretical reference for research and development of underwater optical communication links using focused LG beams.

Propagation and focusing characteristics of the Bessel-Gaussian beam with the spiral phase term of new power-exponent-phase

A new type of beam called the NPEP-BG(a Bessel-Gaussian(BG)beam with a spiral phase term of a new powerexponent-phase(NPEP))is theoretically studied in this paper.The results show that the number of singularities of the phase and side lobes of the intensity of this beam were equal to the topological charges(TCs)and the beam has the characteristics of self-healing during propagation.The NPEP-BG beam combined the partial characteristics of the new power-exponentphase vortex(NPEPV)and the Bessel-Gaussian beam.At the focus of the beam,the characteristic like a perfect vortex beam was present,in which the focal radius is stable and independent of the topological charge.There are multi-focal spots around a ring in the focal plane,meaning that the NPEP-BG beam has a potential for application in multi-particle manipulation.

Spectra-assisted laser focusing in quantitative analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for copper alloys

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)is a capable technique for elementary analysis,while LIBS quantitation is still under development.In quantitation,precise laser focusing plays an important role because it ensures the distance between the laser and samples.In the present work,we employed spectral intensity as a direct way to assist laser focusing in LIBS quantitation for copper alloys.It is found that both the air emission and the copper line could be used to determine the position of the sample surface by referencing the intensity maximum.Nevertheless,the fine quantitation was only realized at the position where the air emission(e.g.O(I)777.4 nm)reached intensity maximum,and also in this way,a repeatable quantitation was successfully achieved even after 120 days.The results suggested that the LIBS quantitation was highly dependent on the focusing position of the laser,and spectra-assisted focusing could be a simple way to find the identical condition for different samples’detection.In the future,this method might be applicable in field measurements for LIBS analysis of solids.

Generation of Higher Terahertz Harmonics in Nonlinear Paraelectrics under Focusing in a Wide Temperature Range

It is theoretically investigated the generation of higher harmonics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional terahertz electromagnetic beams in nonlinear crystals. The attention is paid to crystalline paraelectrics like SrTiO3 under the temperatures 60 - 200 K, these crystals possess the cubic nonlinearity. The bias electric field is applied to provide the dominating quadratic nonlinearity. The initial focusing of the beams not only increases the efficiency of generation of higher harmonics, but alto makes possible to select maxima of different higher harmonics at some distances from the input. At lower temperatures the nonlinearity behaves at smaller input amplitudes, whereas at higher temperatures the harmonic generation can be observed at higher frequencies up to 1.5 THz. In three-dimensional beams the peak amplitudes of higher harmonics can be bigger than in two-dimensional beams, but the ratios of these peak values to the maximum values of the focused first harmonic are smaller than in two-dimensional beams.

Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2) Josephson junction fabricated with a focused helium ion beam

Josephson junction plays a key role not only in studying the basic physics of unconventional iron-based superconductors but also in realizing practical application of thin-film based devices,therefore the preparation of high-quality iron pnictide Josephson junctions is of great importance.In this work,we have successfully fabricated Josephson junctions from Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)thin films using a direct junction fabrication technique which utilizes high energy focused helium ion beam(FHIB).The electrical transport properties were investigated for junctions fabricated with various He^(+)irradiation doses.The junctions show sharp superconducting transition around 24 K with a narrow transition width of 2.5 K,and a dose correlated foot-structure resistance which corresponds to the effective tuning of junction properties by He^(+)irradiation.Significant J_c suppression by more than two orders of magnitude can be achieved by increasing the He^(+)irradiation dose,which is advantageous for the realization of low noise ion pnictide thin film devices.Clear Shapiro steps are observed under 10 GHz microwave irradiation.The above results demonstrate the successful fabrication of high quality and controllable Co-doped BaFe_(2)As_(2)Josephson junction with high reproducibility using the FHIB technique,laying the foundation for future investigating the mechanism of iron-based superconductors,and also the further implementation in various superconducting electronic devices.

参仙升脉口服液化学成分的UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS快速分析

目的探究参仙升脉口服液的化学物质基础。方法利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS)对参仙升脉口服液的化学成分进行整体、系统辨识。采用Thermo Accucore aQ C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为0-13 min,5%-60%B;13-27 min,60%-95%B;27-30 min,95%B,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温30°C;质谱分析离子化方式为加热电喷雾离子化(H-ESI),扫描模式为正、负离子切换,扫描范围m/z 120-1800,碰撞能量30 eV、50 eV、70 eV。结果共鉴定出160个化学成分,包括29个黄酮类成分,24个有机酸类成分,21个生物碱类成分,19个萜类成分,15个苯丙素类成分,12个皂苷类成分和40个其他类成分;其中6个化学成分(芦丁、补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素和补骨脂酚)经对照品比对确认。结论该研究借助UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS技术实现了参仙升脉口服液化学成分准确、快速、系统的分析和鉴定,为其化学物质基础的阐明和质量控制提供了重要依据。

FOCUS-PDCA模式对老年肌少症病人日常生活能力和生活质量影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价FOCUS-PDCA模式对老年肌少症病人日常生活能力和生活质量的影响。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于FOCUS-PDCA模式对老年肌少症病人日常生活能力和生活质量影响的随机对照试验,检索时限从建库至2022年12月31日。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入5篇文献,涉及534例病人。Meta分析结果显示,使用FOCUS-PDCA模式干预可有效改善病人的生活质量[SMD=2.52,95%CI(1.50,3.54),P<0.000 01],提高日常活动能力[MD=23.94,95%CI(14.96,32.96),P<0.000 01]。结论:现有证据表明,FOCUS-PDCA模式可提高老年肌少症病人的日常生活能力,改善其生活质量。

Focus on pet diseases

Pets become vital companions in human life.Tey ofer companionship and emotional support,and contribute signifcantly to physical and mental health,as well as social activities.Living with pets can stimulate human bodies to release more“afnity hormones”such as serotonin,dopamine,and oxytocin,which helps alleviate negative emotions.Te human-animal bond can enhance the human body’s ability to eliminate toxins,reduce the risk of illnesses,strengthen the immune system,and alleviate depressive symptoms.Moreover,pet-related social activities can facilitate the making of new friends and the establishment of social connections,serving as a bridge for those who struggle with social interactions.

Simulating the evolution of focused waves by a two-layer Boussinesq-type model

Accurate simulation of the evolution of freak waves by the wave phase focusing method requires accurate linear and nonlinear properties,especially in deep-water conditions.In this paper,we analyze the ability to simulate deep-water focused waves of a two-layer Boussinesq-type(BT)model,which has been shown to have excellent linear and nonlinear performance.To further improve the numerical accuracy and stability,the internal wavegenerated method is introduced into the two-layer Boussinesq-type model.Firstly,the sensitivity of the numerical results to the grid resolution is analyzed to verify the convergence of the model;secondly,the focused wave propagating in two opposite directions is simulated to prove the symmetry of the numerical results and the feasibility of the internal wave-generated method;thirdly,the limiting focused wave condition is simulated to compare and analyze the wave surface and the horizontal velocity of the profile at the focusing position,which is in good agreement with the measured values.Meanwhile the simulation of focused waves in very deep waters agrees well with the measured values,which further demonstrates the capability of the two-layer BT model in simulating focused waves in deep waters.

Half-integer Shapiro steps in MgB_(2) focused He ion beam Josephson junctions

Half-integer microwave induced steps(Shapiro steps)have been observed in many different Josephson junction systems,which have attracted a lot of attention because they signify the deviation of current phase relation(CPR)and uncover many unconventional physical properties.In this article,we first report the discovery of half-integer Shapiro steps in MgB_(2)focused He ion beam(He-FIB)Josephson junctions.The half-integer steps'dependence on microwave frequency,temperature,microwave power,and magnetic field is also analyzed.We find that the existence of half-integer steps can be controlled by the magnetic field periodically,which is similar to that of high temperature superconductor(HTS)grain boundary junctions,and the similarity of the microstructures between gain boundary junctions and He-FIB junctions is discussed.As a consequence,we mainly attribute the physical origin of half-integer steps in MgB_(2)He-FIB junctions to the model that a He-FIB junction is analogous to a parallel junctions'array.Our results show that He-FIB technology is a promising platform for researching CPR in junctions made of different superconductors.

China’s Unprecedented Focus on Foreign Investment

The Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which has just been concluded,mentions that it is necessary to steadily expand institutional opening-up,deepen foreign trade structural reform,further reform the management systems for inward and outward investment,improve planning for regional opening up,and refine the mechanisms for high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.

结合FOCUS模式的PDCA护理干预在多发性骨髓瘤患者中的应用分析

分析结合FOCUS模式的PDCA护理干预在多发性骨髓瘤患者中的应用。方法 选择2022年6月-2024年1月我院收治110例患者。随机分组。对照组采用PDCA护理干预。观察组采用结合FOCUS模式的PDCA护理干预。结果 观察组知识水平(病因、控制、预防、用药)、APTT、自我效能、满意度高于对照组,P<0.05。Fbg、D-D、PT、SAS、SDS、神经病变低于对照组,P<0.05。结论 结合FOCUS模式的PDCA护理干预能够改善多发性骨髓瘤患者的知识水平和凝血指标,提高患者自我效能和满意度,缓解负面心理状态和神经病变进度。

Collision off-axis position dependence of relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of an excited electron in a tightly focused circular polarized laser pulse

This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor:a prospective,single center,single-arm study

The safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy has been broadly established and validated for the treatment of essential tremor.In 2018,the first magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound system in Chinese mainland was installed at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital.This prospective,single center,open-label,single-arm study was part of a worldwide prospective multicenter clinical trial(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03253991)conducted to confirm the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for treating essential tremor in the local population.From 2019 to 2020,10 patients with medication refractory essential tremor were recruited into this open-label,single arm study.The treatment efficacy was determined using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor.Safety was evaluated according to the incidence and severity of adverse events.All of the subjects underwent a unilateral thalamotomy targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus.At the baseline assessment,the estimated marginal mean of the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor total score was 58.3±3.6,and this improved after treatment to 23.1±6.4 at a 12-month follow-up assessment.A total of 50 adverse events were recorded,and 2 were defined as serious.The most common intraoperative adverse events were nausea and headache.The most frequent postoperative adverse events were paresthesia and equilibrium disorder.Most of the adverse events were mild and usually disappeared within a few days.Our findings suggest that magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for the treatment of essential tremor is effective,with a good safety profile,for patients in Chinese mainland.

Creation of High Energy/Intensity Bremsstrahlung by a Multi-Target and Focusing of the Scattered Electrons by Small-Angle Backscatter at a Cone Wall and a Magnetic Field—Enhancement of the Outcome of Linear Accelerators in Radiotherapy

The yield of bremsstrahlung (BS) from collisions of fast electrons (energy at least 6 MeV) with a Tungsten target can be significantly improved by exploitation of Tungsten wall scatter in a multi-layered target. A simplified version of a previously developed principle is also able to focus on small angle scattered electrons by a Tungsten wall. It is necessary that the thickness of each Tungsten layer does not exceed 0.04 mm—a thickness of 0.03 mm is suitable for accelerators in medical physics. Further focusing of electrons results from suitable magnetic fields with field strength between 0.5 Tesla and 1.2 Tesla (if the cone with multi-layered targets is rather narrow). Linear accelerators in radiation therapy only need to be focused by wall scatter without further magnetic fields (a standard case: 31 plates with 0.03 mm thickness and 1 mm distance between the plates). We considered three cases with importance in medical physics: A very small cone with an additional magnetic field for focusing (the field diameter at 90 cm depth: 6 cm), a medium cone with an optional magnetic field (field diameter at 90 cm depth: 13 cm) and a broad cone without a magnetic field (the field diameter at 90 cm depth: 30 cm). All these cases can be positioned in a carousel. Measurements have been performed in the existing carousel positioned in the plane of the flattening filter and scatter foils for electrons.