Application of Bayesian Compressive Sensing in IR-UWB Channel Estimation

Due to the sparse nature of the impulse radio ultra-wideband(IR-UWB)communication channel in the time domain,compressive sensing(CS)theory is very suitable for the sparse channel estimation. Besides the sparse nature,the IR-UWB channel has shown more features which can be taken into account in the channel estimation process,such as the clustering structures. In this paper,by taking advantage of the clustering features of the channel,a novel IR-UWB channel estimation scheme based on the Bayesian compressive sensing(BCS)framework is proposed,in which the sparse degree of the channel impulse response is not required. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation scheme has obvious advantages over the traditional scheme,and the final demodulation performance,in terms of Bit Error Rate(BER),is therefore greatly improved.

Joint 2D DOA and Doppler frequency estimation for L-shaped array using compressive sensing

A joint two-dimensional(2D)direction-of-arrival(DOA)and radial Doppler frequency estimation method for the L-shaped array is proposed in this paper based on the compressive sensing(CS)framework.Revised from the conventional CS-based methods where the joint spatial-temporal parameters are characterized in one large scale matrix,three smaller scale matrices with independent azimuth,elevation and Doppler frequency are introduced adopting a separable observation model.Afterwards,the estimation is achieved by L1-norm minimization and the Bayesian CS algorithm.In addition,under the L-shaped array topology,the azimuth and elevation are separated yet coupled to the same radial Doppler frequency.Hence,the pair matching problem is solved with the aid of the radial Doppler frequency.Finally,numerical simulations corroborate the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm.

Cooperative Compressive Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Underw ater Acoustic Communication Networks

Because of the specific of underwater acoustic channel,spectrum sensing entails many difficulties in cognitive underwater acoustic communication( CUAC) networks, such as severe frequency-dependent attenuation and low signal-to-noise ratios. To overcome these problems, two cooperative compressive spectrum sensing( CCSS) schemes are proposed for different scenarios( with and without channel state information). To strengthen collaboration among secondary users( SUs),cognitive central node( CCN) is provided to collect data from SUs. Thus,the proposed schemes can obtain spatial diversity gains and exploit joint sparse structure to improve the performance of spectrum sensing. Since the channel occupancy is sparse,we formulate the spectrum sensing problems into sparse vector recovery problems,and then present two CCSS algorithms based on path-wise coordinate optimization( PCO) and multi-task Bayesian compressive sensing( MT-BCS),respectively.Simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in detecting the spectrum holes in underwater acoustic environment.

Vector Approximate Message Passing with Sparse Bayesian Learning for Gaussian Mixture Prior

Compressed sensing(CS)aims for seeking appropriate algorithms to recover a sparse vector from noisy linear observations.Currently,various Bayesian-based algorithms such as sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)and approximate message passing(AMP)based algorithms have been proposed.For SBL,it has accurate performance with robustness while its computational complexity is high due to matrix inversion.For AMP,its performance is guaranteed by the severe restriction of the measurement matrix,which limits its application in solving CS problem.To overcome the drawbacks of the above algorithms,in this paper,we present a low complexity algorithm for the single linear model that incorporates the vector AMP(VAMP)into the SBL structure with expectation maximization(EM).Specifically,we apply the variance auto-tuning into the VAMP to implement the E step in SBL,which decrease the iterations that require to converge compared with VAMP-EM algorithm when using a Gaussian mixture(GM)prior.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance with high robustness under various cases of difficult measurement matrices.

Robust Low-Power Algorithm for Random Sensing Matrix for Wireless ECG Systems Based on Low Sampling-Rate Approach

The main drawback of current ECG systems is the location-specific nature of the systems due to the use of fixed/wired applications. That is why there is a critical need to improve the current ECG systems to achieve extended patient’s mobility and to cover security handling. With this in mind, Compressed Sensing (CS) procedure and the collaboration of Sensing Matrix Selection (SMS) approach are used to provide a robust ultra-low-power approach for normal and abnormal ECG signals. Our simulation results based on two proposed algorithms illustrate 25% decrease in sampling-rate and a good level of quality for the degree of incoherence between the random measurement and sparsity matrices. The simulation results also confirm that the Binary Toeplitz Matrix (BTM) provides the best compression performance with the highest energy efficiency for random sensing matrix.

可重构智能表面辅助通信系统时变级联信道估计

针对可重构智能表面(RIS)辅助通信系统时变级联信道的估计中需解决的级联信道稀疏表示、时变信道参数跟踪和信号重构等关键问题,提出了一种结合Khatri-Rao积的分层贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波(KR-HBKF)算法。该算法首先利用信道的稀疏特性,通过Khatri-Rao积和克罗内克积变换得到RIS级联信道的稀疏表示,将RIS级联信道估计问题转化为低维度的稀疏信号恢复问题。然后,根据RIS级联信道的状态演化模型,在HBKF算法的预测模型中引入了时间相关性参数,应用改进的HBKF解决时变信道参数跟踪和信号重构问题,完成时变级联信道的估计。KR-HBKF算法综合利用了信道的稀疏性和时间相关性,能以较小的导频开销获得更好的估计精度。仿真结果表明,与传统压缩感知算法相比,所提算法具有约5 dB的估计性能提升,且在不同的时变信道条件下具有更好的鲁棒性。

OTFS系统SBL-Turbo压缩感知信道估计算法

针对正交时频空调制(OTFS)系统由多普勒频移引起的信道估计准确度下降的问题,本文提出了一种联合无线信道在时延-多普勒域稀疏特性的SBL-Turbo压缩感知信道估计算法。首先,对时延-多普勒域稀疏信道建模,使其服从以噪声功率为条件的高斯先验分布,利用稀疏贝叶斯学习模块估计得到稀疏信道的均值与方差,并结合期望最大化算法更新高斯先验模型中的参数。其次,引入了LMMSE(线性最小均方误差)估计器模块,该模块对稀疏信道的后验分布进行再估计,提高估计的准确度。通过对每个模块估计得到的信道后验分布进行数据处理,使得模块的输入值与输出值解耦,进而减少模块间的错误传播。最后,两个模块采用Turbo结构迭代估计信道的后验分布,得到信道状态信息。实验结果表明,相较于其他估计方法,该算法能够显著提高信道估计的精度,并且改善系统的误码率性能,能够有效地解决OTFS系统中由多普勒频移引起的信道估计问题。

基于Bayesian压缩感知的融合算法

根据压缩感知理论中的采样模式,提出了一种基于改进采样模式的压缩域图像融合算法。该算法首先通过双星型采样模式获得待融合图像的稀疏域压缩测量值,然后利用一种简单的绝对值最大融合规则直接在压缩感知域进行融合,最后通过贝叶斯的方法重构融合图像。在图像重建的过程中采用了贝叶斯方法。由于考虑了误差以及噪声的影响,使得融合图像的质量进一步提高。仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的融合效果。

基于相位偏移的压缩感知无源多目标定位方法

无源定位作为一种新兴的定位技术,是安防监控、入侵检测和接触跟踪等被动传感领域的研究热点。其通过分析无源目标对无线链路的阴影效应来定位目标。相位是无线信号的一个重要特性,比信号强度更具细粒度。为提升定位性能,利用无线链路相位信息,提出基于相位偏移的压缩感知无源多目标定位方法。该方法将接收信号相位偏移值作为观测数据,结合变分贝叶斯推理,恢复目标位置稀疏向量。仿真实验结果表明,在6.5 m×6.5 m的监测区域中,基于接收信号强度的定位方法平均定位误差为0.579 0 m,而该方法的平均定位误差为0.254 7 m,定位精度提升超过1倍,且该方法具有较强的鲁棒性。

利用小波系数上下文建模的Bayesian压缩感知重建算法

针对目前压缩感知图像重建算法没有充分利用图像小波系数尺度内相关性的缺点,提出一种上下文建模的Bayesian压缩感知重建(CBCS)算法。该算法假定图像的小波系数服从参数未知的spike-and-slab概率模型,先通过一种新的上下文建模方法得到待估计小波系数邻域内的上下文矢量,然后根据待估计系数与上下文矢量的相关性及其父亲系数的状态,推测待估计系数为显著系数的概率,最后根据待估计系数的概率,采用马尔科夫链-蒙特卡洛采样的Bayesian推理从观测向量中恢复出图像的小波系数,进而得到重建图像。实验结果表明,CBCS算法可以自适应于图像内容的变化,与仅利用尺度间相关性的小波树结构的压缩感知重建算法相比,在0.9的采样率下,重构性能最大可提高近2dB。

基于广义模式耦合稀疏Bayesian学习的1-Bit压缩感知

在1-Bit压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)框架下,将信号的稀疏结构先验引入广义稀疏Bayesian学习(generalized sparse Bayesian learning,Gr-SBL),研究基于Gr-SBL的1-Bit CS重构。将广义线性模型与模式耦合稀疏Bayesian学习相结合,提出了一种基于广义模式耦合稀疏Bayesian学习1-Bit CS重构算法,简称为1-Bit Gr-PC-SBL算法。该算法将1-Bit CS重构问题迭代地分解成一系列标准CS重构问题,在信号稀疏模式未知的情况下,基于模式耦合稀疏Bayesian学习实现信号重构。进而,引入阈值自适应的二进制量化,设计了自适应阈值的1-Bit Gr-PC-SBL算法,进一步提升了算法的信号重构性能。

基于贝叶斯分层模型的低复杂度无线传感器网络定位算法

文章对基于压缩感知的无线传感器网络定位算法进行了研究,存在重构算法计算量大、定位误差较大等问题,为降低计算复杂度和定位误差,文章提出基于贝叶斯分层模型的低复杂度无线传感器网络定位算法。首先,将稀疏贝叶斯分层先验模型引入到无线传感器网络的定位中;其次,通过运用稀疏贝叶斯理论推理出估计目标的后验概率分布;最后,结合变分消息传递(VMP)算法,使用辅助函数对未知变量的联合后验概率密度函数进行等效,得到目标位置向量的估计结果。仿真结果表明,相较于传统的重构算法,文章提出的方法具有更好的恢复效果,计算复杂度更低。

Sparse Bayesian learning in ISAR tomography imaging

Inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging can be regarded as a narrow-band version of the computer aided tomography(CT). The traditional CT imaging algorithms for ISAR, including the polar format algorithm(PFA) and the convolution back projection algorithm(CBP), usually suffer from the problem of the high sidelobe and the low resolution. The ISAR tomography image reconstruction within a sparse Bayesian framework is concerned. Firstly, the sparse ISAR tomography imaging model is established in light of the CT imaging theory. Then, by using the compressed sensing(CS) principle, a high resolution ISAR image can be achieved with limited number of pulses. Since the performance of existing CS-based ISAR imaging algorithms is sensitive to the user parameter, this makes the existing algorithms inconvenient to be used in practice. It is well known that the Bayesian formalism of recover algorithm named sparse Bayesian learning(SBL) acts as an effective tool in regression and classification,which uses an efficient expectation maximization procedure to estimate the necessary parameters, and retains a preferable property of the l0-norm diversity measure. Motivated by that, a fully automated ISAR tomography imaging algorithm based on SBL is proposed.Experimental results based on simulated and electromagnetic(EM) data illustrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the existing algorithms.

融合阈值法的贝叶斯压缩感知振动信号重构

针对结构健康监测因海量数据导致的数据传输和储存压力大,以及实际振动信号受外界环境噪声影响导致稀疏性较差的问题,提出融合阈值法的贝叶斯压缩感知振动信号重构算法。引入贝叶斯压缩感知理论对数据进行压缩采样,融合阈值法增强信号的稀疏度以改善后续信号重构的精度,然后用快速超参数估计法估计稀疏向量,以高精度和高概率地恢复原始信号。利用江西省吉安大桥的环境振动试验数据验证融合阈值法的贝叶斯压缩感知振动信号重构算法的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明,使用阈值法的贝叶斯压缩感知信号重构算法精度要优于未使用算法重构的振动信号得到的结果,尤其是高压缩比的情况下。

结合迭代阈值法的多任务贝叶斯压缩感知结构振动信号重构

为缓解结构健康实时监测中因为海量数据导致的数据采集、存储和传输成本高的问题,采用压缩感知理论结合迭代阈值法对数据进行压缩采样;然后用多任务贝叶斯压缩感知重构算法,通过少量采样数据恢复原始信号.利用吉安大桥的现场环境振动试验数据,验证结合迭代阈值法的多任务贝叶斯压缩感知重构算法的有效性及可行性.研究结果表明,相比于传统的正交匹配追踪算法、单任务贝叶斯压缩感知算法和多任务贝叶斯压缩感知算法,利用结合迭代阈值法的多任务贝叶斯压缩感知重构算法计算得到的重构信号与原始信号吻合度更好,性能更优.

基于贝叶斯压缩感知的子空间拟合离格DOA估计

针对传统的基于稀疏贝叶斯学习(Sparse Bayesian Learning,SBL)的波达方向估计算法对噪声鲁棒性不高的问题,提出了一种基于SBL的子空间拟合离格波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计方法。首先对接收数据的协方差矩阵进行特征分解,获得信号的加权子空间,构造等价信号的稀疏表示模型并利用贝叶斯学习算法进行参数求解。同时对于网格划分带来的建模误差问题,采用了离格贝叶斯推导(Sparse Bayesian Inference,SBI)算法进行求解,利用期望最大化算法迭代更新相应的参数。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的DOA方法,该方法具有更好的估计精度。

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的大规模多用户检测算法

针对现有算法大都基于高斯逆伽马先验模型的稀疏贝叶斯学习(GIG-SBL),忽略了稀疏解所对应的支撑集向量稀疏性的问题,提出一种基于伯努利高斯逆伽马先验模型的稀疏贝叶斯学习(BGIG-SBL)架构,通过引入一个伯努利先验的二元向量,设计了单测量向量(SMV)的BGIG-SBL-SMV算法,结合支撑集向量的稀疏性提高重构性能。进一步将该算法扩展到多测量向量(MMV)方案,通过共享相同控制稀疏解的超参数,利用MMV的联合稀疏性提出BGIG-SBL-MMV算法。实验结果表明,所提BGIG-SBL-SMV算法相较于传统GIG-SBL-SMV算法,在mMTC用户检测场景可实现2 dB的性能增益;同时,所提BGIG-SBL-MMV算法相对于单测量向量BGIG-SBL-SMV算法,用户检测率和数据检错率的性能增益可达到4 dB,证明了所提算法的优越性。

基于新余弦混沌映射的视觉安全图像加密算法

考虑到目前图像加密算法缺少了对加密后图像的视觉安全的保护,将新余弦混沌映射和贝叶斯压缩感知进行结合提出一种视觉有意义的图像加密算法是非常有价值的.首先,基于余弦函数提出了一个新的一维混沌映射用于构建受控测量矩阵,除此之外,所提出的新余弦混沌映射能够更好地扰乱图像的强相关性.其次,通过二维Arnold置乱算法对明文图像的小波包系数矩阵进行置乱.然后,借助混沌测量矩阵和双向加模扩散策略对置乱后的秘密图像进行压缩和加密.最后,通过最低有效位嵌入算法将秘密图像嵌入到经过生命游戏混合置乱后的载体图像中以得到一幅具有视觉意义的密文图像.仿真结果和安全性分析表明在保证视觉安全性和解密质量的前提下所提加密算法具备可行性和高效性.

Stochastic analysis of load-transfer mechanism of energy piles by random finite difference model

The surge in demand for renewable energy to combat the ever-escalating climate crisis promotes development of the energy-saving,carbon saving and reduction technologies.Shallow ground-source heat pump(GSHP)system is a promising carbon reduction technology that can stably and effectively exploit subsurface geothermal energy by taking advantage of load-bearing structural elements as heat transfer medium.However,the transformation of conventional geo-structures(e.g.piles)into heat exchangers between the ground and superstructures can potentially induce variable thermal axial stresses and displacements in piles.Traditional energy pile analysis methods often rely on deterministic and homogeneous soil parameter profiles for investigating thermo-mechanical soil-structure interaction,without consideration of soil spatial variability,model uncertainty or statistical uncertainty associated with interpolation of soil parameter profiles from limited site-specific measurements.In this study,a random finite difference model(FDM)is proposed to investigate the thermo-mechanical load-transfer mechanism of energy piles in granular soils.Spatially varying soil parameter profile is interpreted from limited site-specific measurements using Bayesian compressive sensing(BCS)with proper considering of soil spatial variability and other uncertainties in the framework of Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).Performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using an illustrative example.Results indicate that the proposed method enables an accurate evaluation of thermally induced axial stress/displacement and variation in null point(NP)location with quantified uncertainty.A series of sensitivity analyses are also carried out to assess effects of the pile-superstructure stiffness and measurement data number on the performance of the proposed method,leading to useful insights.

改进Laplace先验下的复数域多任务贝叶斯压缩感知方法

为了将现有的实数域贝叶斯压缩感知方法推广至复数域,利用改进Laplace先验假设,提出了一种复数域多任务贝叶斯压缩感知(complex multitask Bayesian compressive sensing using modified Laplace priors, CMBCS-MLP)方法,消除了测量噪声方差的影响,并推导了一种基于递归操作的快速算法。数值仿真表明:针对复数域稀疏信号重构问题,相比于现有方法,所提CMBCS-MLP方法具有更好的精确性和鲁棒性。