The hybrid dc circuit breaker(HCB)has the advantages of fast action speed and low operating loss,which is an idealmethod for fault isolation ofmulti-terminal dc grids.Formulti-terminal dc grids that transmit power thr...The hybrid dc circuit breaker(HCB)has the advantages of fast action speed and low operating loss,which is an idealmethod for fault isolation ofmulti-terminal dc grids.Formulti-terminal dc grids that transmit power through overhead lines,HCBs are required to have reclosing capability due to the high fault probability and the fact that most of the faults are temporary faults.To avoid the secondary fault strike and equipment damage that may be caused by the reclosing of the HCB when the permanent fault occurs,an adaptive reclosing scheme based on traveling wave injection is proposed in this paper.The scheme injects traveling wave signal into the fault dc line through the additionally configured auxiliary discharge branch in the HCB,and then uses the reflection characteristic of the traveling wave signal on the dc line to identify temporary and permanent faults,to be able to realize fast reclosing when the temporary fault occurs and reliably avoid reclosing after the permanent fault occurs.The test results in the simulation model of the four-terminal dc grid show that the proposed adaptive reclosing scheme can quickly and reliably identify temporary and permanent faults,greatly shorten the power outage time of temporary faults.In addition,it has the advantages of easiness to implement,high reliability,robustness to high-resistance fault and no dead zone,etc.展开更多
直流输电线路故障行波波速不确定、波头提取困难以及噪声干扰等因素制约了直流电网中故障测距技术的应用。为了降低上述因素对定位准确性的影响,提出一种基于局部特征有理样条插值均值分解(LMD based on characteristic rational spline...直流输电线路故障行波波速不确定、波头提取困难以及噪声干扰等因素制约了直流电网中故障测距技术的应用。为了降低上述因素对定位准确性的影响,提出一种基于局部特征有理样条插值均值分解(LMD based on characteristic rational spline,CRS-LMD)和奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)的故障测距方法。首先,利用特征尺度选取最优极点系数,结合有理样条插值调节拟合曲线的松紧程度,实现对故障电压行波的局部均值分解。其次,采用奇异值分解对故障行波波头进行准确提取。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了张北±500 kV柔性直流电网的仿真模型,模拟各种故障情况并输出故障数据,利用Matlab对故障数据进行处理并验证定位算法。最后,仿真结果表明,所提故障测距算法在不同故障距离和故障类型下均能实现故障测距,且在叠加噪声和过渡电阻的情况下也能保障较高的精确性。展开更多
为了快速可靠识别基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的多端柔性直流MTDC(multi-terminal direct current)输电系统直流侧故障,提出了一种基于单端单极电流的柔性直流电网故障识别方案。该方案通过对电流动态偏...为了快速可靠识别基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的多端柔性直流MTDC(multi-terminal direct current)输电系统直流侧故障,提出了一种基于单端单极电流的柔性直流电网故障识别方案。该方案通过对电流动态偏差值极值的检测与电流累差值的计算实现直流线路故障快速定位,采用母线短时能量保护区分直流母线故障和线路故障,并根据所提保护方案设计了一套故障检测和识别单元。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台上搭建仿真模型,通过仿真算例验证了该保护方案能在各种情况下快速、可靠地识别故障,无需双端数据通信,无需复杂数据分析与处理,满足多端柔性直流输电系统对保护的要求。展开更多
为解决基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)故障电流解析计算精度不足的问题,提出一种计及远端站影响的多端MMC-HVDC故障电流改进时域求解法。首先,在分析故障...为解决基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)故障电流解析计算精度不足的问题,提出一种计及远端站影响的多端MMC-HVDC故障电流改进时域求解法。首先,在分析故障后子模块电容放电路径的基础上,推导换流站等效电容值等系统参数,建立MMC-HVDC系统故障后网络等效模型。其次,将直流电网各换流站解耦,以故障后各支路电流近似解为初值,逐次修正计及远端站影响的多端MMC-HVDC线路等效电阻及等效电感,得到多端MMC-HVDC系统中各支路的故障电流值。最后,基于RT-LAB仿真平台搭建四端柔性直流电网模型,对故障电流计算值与详细电磁暂态仿真结果进行对比。结果表明,所提故障电流求解方法能够准确、有效地计算出多端MMC-HVDC短路故障后各支路电流值,最大误差小于5%。展开更多
With the development of power electronics technology,the flexible DC grid will play a significant role in promoting the transformation and reformation of the power grid.It is immune to commutation failure and has high...With the development of power electronics technology,the flexible DC grid will play a significant role in promoting the transformation and reformation of the power grid.It is immune to commutation failure and has high flexibility in power control and renewable energy grid integration.However,the protection and fault handling technology for a flexible DC grid is a big challenge because of the limited overcurrent capability of the converters.This paper summarizes the development of the flexible DC grid,and analyzes the fault characteristics in detail.Next,the applicability,advantages and disadvantages of the existing protection principle,fault isolation and recovery schemes are reviewed.Finally,the key problems and development trend of the future flexible DC grid are pointed out and forecasted respectively.展开更多
Controllability of DC current/power flow is essentialin multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, particularly for theMTDC grids in a meshed topology. In this paper, consideringmeshed MTDC (M2TDC) grids with the installation ...Controllability of DC current/power flow is essentialin multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, particularly for theMTDC grids in a meshed topology. In this paper, consideringmeshed MTDC (M2TDC) grids with the installation of twoline/multi-lineDC current flow controllers (CFCs), a small-signalmodel of the DC CFCs integrated M2TDC grids is derived,studying the impact of the power losses of the DC CFC andtheir influence on the analysis of energy exchanges. The systemstability analysis is analysed using the Nyquist diagram, which ismore suitable for analyzing complex nonlinear systems with morecompact and reliable indicators of stability in comparison withgain/phase margins shown in the Bode diagram. In addition, aselection method of the interconnected capacitor of the DC CFCis proposed under different operating conditions. The impact ofthe switching frequencies of the DC CFC on the control ranges ofthe DC current flows is analyzed. The effectiveness of the Nyquistanalysis and the capacitance selection method is verified bysimulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC. The obtained control ranges of the DC CFC with different switching frequenciesand capacitances would be useful for practical engineeringapplications.展开更多
直流线路故障的快速、可靠识别是基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性多端直流输电(multi-terminal direct current,MTDC)系统发展的关键技术之一。通过分析柔性多端直流系统线路故障后电流的暂态特征,提...直流线路故障的快速、可靠识别是基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性多端直流输电(multi-terminal direct current,MTDC)系统发展的关键技术之一。通过分析柔性多端直流系统线路故障后电流的暂态特征,提出了一套基于单端电流模量分析的MMC-MTDC系统直流线路故障识别方案。该方案通过对电流一模故障分量动态偏差值极值极性与大小的检测实现了直流线路故障快速定位,并利用故障后电流零模故障分量的差异,从而实现了对故障极的快速判别。在PSCAD仿真平台上搭建了双极四端MMC型柔性直流电网的模型,通过仿真算例验证了该保护在不同故障位置和过渡电阻下均能快速、可靠地检测到直流线路故障并且准确识别故障极。展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant 520201210025。
文摘The hybrid dc circuit breaker(HCB)has the advantages of fast action speed and low operating loss,which is an idealmethod for fault isolation ofmulti-terminal dc grids.Formulti-terminal dc grids that transmit power through overhead lines,HCBs are required to have reclosing capability due to the high fault probability and the fact that most of the faults are temporary faults.To avoid the secondary fault strike and equipment damage that may be caused by the reclosing of the HCB when the permanent fault occurs,an adaptive reclosing scheme based on traveling wave injection is proposed in this paper.The scheme injects traveling wave signal into the fault dc line through the additionally configured auxiliary discharge branch in the HCB,and then uses the reflection characteristic of the traveling wave signal on the dc line to identify temporary and permanent faults,to be able to realize fast reclosing when the temporary fault occurs and reliably avoid reclosing after the permanent fault occurs.The test results in the simulation model of the four-terminal dc grid show that the proposed adaptive reclosing scheme can quickly and reliably identify temporary and permanent faults,greatly shorten the power outage time of temporary faults.In addition,it has the advantages of easiness to implement,high reliability,robustness to high-resistance fault and no dead zone,etc.
文摘直流输电线路故障行波波速不确定、波头提取困难以及噪声干扰等因素制约了直流电网中故障测距技术的应用。为了降低上述因素对定位准确性的影响,提出一种基于局部特征有理样条插值均值分解(LMD based on characteristic rational spline,CRS-LMD)和奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)的故障测距方法。首先,利用特征尺度选取最优极点系数,结合有理样条插值调节拟合曲线的松紧程度,实现对故障电压行波的局部均值分解。其次,采用奇异值分解对故障行波波头进行准确提取。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了张北±500 kV柔性直流电网的仿真模型,模拟各种故障情况并输出故障数据,利用Matlab对故障数据进行处理并验证定位算法。最后,仿真结果表明,所提故障测距算法在不同故障距离和故障类型下均能实现故障测距,且在叠加噪声和过渡电阻的情况下也能保障较高的精确性。
文摘为了快速可靠识别基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的多端柔性直流MTDC(multi-terminal direct current)输电系统直流侧故障,提出了一种基于单端单极电流的柔性直流电网故障识别方案。该方案通过对电流动态偏差值极值的检测与电流累差值的计算实现直流线路故障快速定位,采用母线短时能量保护区分直流母线故障和线路故障,并根据所提保护方案设计了一套故障检测和识别单元。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台上搭建仿真模型,通过仿真算例验证了该保护方案能在各种情况下快速、可靠地识别故障,无需双端数据通信,无需复杂数据分析与处理,满足多端柔性直流输电系统对保护的要求。
文摘为解决基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)故障电流解析计算精度不足的问题,提出一种计及远端站影响的多端MMC-HVDC故障电流改进时域求解法。首先,在分析故障后子模块电容放电路径的基础上,推导换流站等效电容值等系统参数,建立MMC-HVDC系统故障后网络等效模型。其次,将直流电网各换流站解耦,以故障后各支路电流近似解为初值,逐次修正计及远端站影响的多端MMC-HVDC线路等效电阻及等效电感,得到多端MMC-HVDC系统中各支路的故障电流值。最后,基于RT-LAB仿真平台搭建四端柔性直流电网模型,对故障电流计算值与详细电磁暂态仿真结果进行对比。结果表明,所提故障电流求解方法能够准确、有效地计算出多端MMC-HVDC短路故障后各支路电流值,最大误差小于5%。
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019YJS179).
文摘With the development of power electronics technology,the flexible DC grid will play a significant role in promoting the transformation and reformation of the power grid.It is immune to commutation failure and has high flexibility in power control and renewable energy grid integration.However,the protection and fault handling technology for a flexible DC grid is a big challenge because of the limited overcurrent capability of the converters.This paper summarizes the development of the flexible DC grid,and analyzes the fault characteristics in detail.Next,the applicability,advantages and disadvantages of the existing protection principle,fault isolation and recovery schemes are reviewed.Finally,the key problems and development trend of the future flexible DC grid are pointed out and forecasted respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51807091Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20180478+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2019M661846EPSRC under Grant EP/N032888/1.
文摘Controllability of DC current/power flow is essentialin multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grids, particularly for theMTDC grids in a meshed topology. In this paper, consideringmeshed MTDC (M2TDC) grids with the installation of twoline/multi-lineDC current flow controllers (CFCs), a small-signalmodel of the DC CFCs integrated M2TDC grids is derived,studying the impact of the power losses of the DC CFC andtheir influence on the analysis of energy exchanges. The systemstability analysis is analysed using the Nyquist diagram, which ismore suitable for analyzing complex nonlinear systems with morecompact and reliable indicators of stability in comparison withgain/phase margins shown in the Bode diagram. In addition, aselection method of the interconnected capacitor of the DC CFCis proposed under different operating conditions. The impact ofthe switching frequencies of the DC CFC on the control ranges ofthe DC current flows is analyzed. The effectiveness of the Nyquistanalysis and the capacitance selection method is verified bysimulation studies using PSCAD/EMTDC. The obtained control ranges of the DC CFC with different switching frequenciesand capacitances would be useful for practical engineeringapplications.
文摘直流线路故障的快速、可靠识别是基于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的柔性多端直流输电(multi-terminal direct current,MTDC)系统发展的关键技术之一。通过分析柔性多端直流系统线路故障后电流的暂态特征,提出了一套基于单端电流模量分析的MMC-MTDC系统直流线路故障识别方案。该方案通过对电流一模故障分量动态偏差值极值极性与大小的检测实现了直流线路故障快速定位,并利用故障后电流零模故障分量的差异,从而实现了对故障极的快速判别。在PSCAD仿真平台上搭建了双极四端MMC型柔性直流电网的模型,通过仿真算例验证了该保护在不同故障位置和过渡电阻下均能快速、可靠地检测到直流线路故障并且准确识别故障极。