Importance Analysis of a Multi-state System Based on Direct Partial Logic Derivatives and Multi-valued Decision Diagrams

Importance analysis quantifies the critical degree of individual component. Compared with the traditional binary state system,importance analysis of the multi-state system is more aligned with the practice. Because the multi-valued decision diagram( MDD) can reflect the relationship between the components and the system state bilaterally, it was introduced into the reliability calculation of the multi-state system( MSS). The building method,simplified criteria,and path search and probability algorithm of MSS structure function MDD were given,and the reliability of the system was calculated. The computing methods of importance based on MDD and direct partial logic derivatives( DPLD) were presented. The diesel engine fuel supply system was taken as an example to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that not only the probability of the system in each state can be easily obtained,but also the influence degree of each component and its state on the system reliability can be obtained,which is conducive to the condition monitoring and structure optimization of the system.

“自我决定的孤独”:个体化时代青年社交样态背后的“自我逻辑”审思

“自我决定的孤独”是青年群体在当今时代的新型个体孤独,具有高度“自我意识”的青年个体构筑“自我孤岛”的社交图景主要呈现两个面向:私人情感场域“断离式”的情感封闭和公共社交领域“降级式”的社交样态。青年社交样态的背后是“自我脱嵌性”与“自我重嵌性”双重统一的“自我逻辑”的建构过程,既展现了个体化进程中青年基于“自我”视角所作出的社交选择,又突显了青年在个体性与社会性双重维度上的社交诉求。在现代性视角下,“自我逻辑”的建构揭示出现代“自我”在情感逻辑与经济理性逻辑双重纠缠中的情感转向与“自我决定的孤独”的情感悖论,并折射出现代性的吊诡之处。因此,面对青年群体“自我决定的孤独”的情感隐忧,需在观念层面克服理性主义的情感逻辑并关注“情感自我”的建构,在实践层面“重拾附近”并构建“情感共同体”,以此应对现代性“孤独自我”的存在性危机。

A Novel Design of Octal-Valued Logic Full Adder Using Light Color State Model

Due to the demand of high computational speed for processing big data that requires complex data manipulations in a timely manner,the need for extending classical logic to construct new multi-valued optical models becomes a challenging and promising research area.This paper establishes a novel octal-valued logic design model with new optical gates construction based on the hypothesis of Light Color State Model to provide an efficient solution to the limitations of computational processing inherent in the electronics computing.We provide new mathematical definitions for both of the binary OR function and the PLUS operation in multi valued logic that is used as the basis of novel construction for the optical full adder model.Four case studies were used to assure the validity of the proposed adder.These cases proved that the proposed optical 8-valued logic models provide significantly more information to be packed within a single bit and therefore the abilities of data representation and processing is increased.

Kabbalah Logic and Semantic Foundations for a Postmodern Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy Logic Theory

Despite half a century of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic progress, as fuzzy sets address complex and uncertain information through the lens of human knowledge and subjectivity, more progress is needed in the semantics of fuzzy sets and in exploring the multi-modal aspect of fuzzy logic due to the different cognitive, emotional and behavioral angles of assessing truth. We lay here the foundations of a postmodern fuzzy set and fuzzy logic theory addressing these issues by deconstructing fuzzy truth values and fuzzy set membership functions to re-capture the human knowledge and subjectivity structure in membership function evaluations. We formulate a fractal multi-modal logic of Kabbalah which integrates the cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels of humanistic systems into epistemic and modal, deontic and doxastic and dynamic multi-modal logic. This is done by creating a fractal multi-modal Kabbalah possible worlds semantic frame of Kripke model type. The Kabbalah possible worlds semantic frame integrates together both the multi-modal logic aspects and their Kripke possible worlds model. We will not focus here on modal operators and axiom sets. We constructively define a fractal multi-modal Kabbalistic L-fuzzy set as the central concept of the postmodern fuzzy set theory based on Kabbalah logic and semantics.

Distributive Quantum Logic： Controlled-Error Approach

The idea that approximate exactness is the most we can and should expect scientific theories to yield underlies the formation and application of the multi-valued logic of approximation discussed in this paper. In this logic, inexactness （measured by truth values） is controlled and minimized by means of uniquely designed deductions. We show how the notion of equality （including substitution of equals） is handled within this logic and we apply it to certain principles and interpretations of quantum theory.

Modality in Business Letter

Business letter with friendly modality is an effective means to represent the best advantage of one's self and firm. The paper in vestigates modality in business letter according to Halliday's view on modality. The modal devices mainly cover modal operator, modal ad junct, and modal cohesion. By means of binary approach modal logic is tentative divided into: perfective and imperfective; positive and neg ative; subjective and objective or explicit and implicit; high, median and low value. Modal devices or modal logic has formal and semantic level. Modality is regarded as a potential analyzing method to business text in this paper. The significance of the study is for understanding modal expression in business letter, meanwhile, this is a way to better understand modal logic, and to better use modal device in business let ter.

安全协议形式化分析方法研究综述

介绍了安全协议的基本概念和分类,然后对安全协议形式化分析方法进行了详细介绍,包括基于模态逻辑的方法、基于模型检测的方法、基于定理证明的方法和基于可证明安全性理论的方法。其中,基于模型检测的方法是目前应用最广泛的一种方法,因此详细介绍了一些常用的基于模型检测方法的工具。最后,总结了当前安全协议形式化分析方法的研究热点和未来的发展方向。

Design Technique of I^2L Circuits Based on Multi-Valued Logic

This paper proposes the use of the current signal to express logic values and establishes the theory of grounded current switches suitable for I2L circuits.Based on the advantage that current signals are easy to be added, the design technique of I2L circuits by means of the multi-valued current signal is proposed.It is shown that simpler structure of I2L circuits can be obtained with this technique.

论判断的模态

从系词与模态的关系看模态是“是”之方式,必然和可能这样的模态词位于“是”之外,它们是作用于句子的修饰词。康德把判断的模态分为或然的、实然的和绝然的,认为模态与判断的内容无关。弗雷格认为必然判断的形式对概念文字是没有意义的。从弗雷格引入的判断符号的意谓来看,这种观点是有道理的。根据弗雷格提出的涵义和意谓分析方法,对模态句子进行分析可以得出,模态词意谓以思想为自变元、以真值为函数值的概念。奎因提出的指称不明语境以及从物模态的问题,也可以通过模态词的意谓来解释。

数字时代社交关系的新格局:逻辑结构与行为模态

数字时代的社交关系有了全新的表征,其呈现数字具身交往、社交化身沟通、兴趣圈层分化、专业垂直细分、情感互动极化以及数字孤独现象六大特征,表现出“人-云-影”的虚实交互结构、“我-他-我”的自我差序结构、“点-网-结”的垂直群聚结构三种数字社交的逻辑结构形态,以及多平台摇摆、主观化决断、情感性驱策、明确边界感四种数字社交的行为模态表征。

基于n值关系语义的命题模态逻辑系统研究

传统的多值模态逻辑系统将关系语义中的状态及状态间的关系进行了多值化处理。然而,实际应用中状态间的关系往往是确定的,无需多值化。针对这种情况,基于?ukasiewicz代数系统提出了一种新的命题模态逻辑n值关系语义。在所提出的n值关系语义中,针对状态进行了多值化处理,同时保持了状态间关系的确定性。通过对逻辑公式的形式化定义以及可满足性和有效性的分析,证明了n值关系语义下经典命题模态逻辑系统K,T,S4和S5的正确性。进一步地,给出了极大一致集与典范模型在n值关系语义下的定义,并完成了上述经典命题模态逻辑系统的完备性证明。上述结论表明基于n值关系语义的命题模态逻辑系统能够涵盖并捕捉到经典逻辑系统中的所有有效命题。综上所述,所提出的基于?ukasiewicz代数系统的n值关系语义提供了一种在实际应用中处理多值状态及确定的状态间关系的方法。这种方法在扩展命题模态逻辑系统的形式化定义与关系语义是可行且有效的。

CWA Formalizations in Multi-Valued Logics

To enhance the expressive power and the declarative ability of a deductive database, various CWA (Closed World Assumption) formalizations including the naive CWA, the generalized CWA and the careful CWA are extended to multi-valued logics. The basic idea is to embed logic formulas into some polynomial ring. The extensions can be applied in a uniform manner to any finitely multi-valued logics. Therefore they are also of computational significance.

Spectral representation of correspondence of multi-valued logical functions

In cryptology, it is an important topic to study the best affine approach of functions. The best affine approach of Boolean functions has been discussed in ref. [1] by using the Walsh spectrum, of which the key problem is how to represent the correspondence of Boolean functions by using Walsh spectrum. For the multi-valued logical functions so far, the spectral representation of their correspondence has not been presented yet. This let-

基于自动推理技术的智能规划方法

对几种智能规划方法中利用的逻辑演绎与推理技术予以分析,分别介绍利用命题逻辑的基于可满足性的规划方法与规划系统,利用模态逻辑与析取推理的Conformant规划方法与规划系统,利用非单调逻辑的规划方法和利用模糊描述逻辑的Flexible规划方法,并结合国际规划竞赛和相关论文等的实验结论说明上述方法的有效性和可行性.最后,提出目前基于自动推理技术的智能规划方法所面临的挑战、可能的处理方法以及与之相关的研究热点与趋势.

认识逻辑(1):关于知识和信念的逻辑框架

知识和信念是人工智能领域研究中经常涉及到的两个重要概念．本文讨论了知识和信念的涵义与关系，定义了认识逻辑系统EL，讨论了它的语法和语义，证明了认识逻辑EL不但是可靠的而且是完备的．认识逻辑EL不但可以用来描述人类的认识过程，还可以用于对常识推理以及分布式系统的形式化描述．

模型检测:理论、方法与应用

随着计算机软硬件系统日益复杂,如何保证其正确性和可靠性成为日益紧迫的问题.在为此提出的诸多理论和方法中,模型检测(model checking)以其简洁明了和自动化程度高而引人注目.模型检测的研究大致涵盖以下内容:模态/时序逻辑、模型检测算法及其时空效率(特别是空间效率)的改进以及支撑工具的研制.这几个方面之间有着密切的内在联系.不同模态/时序逻辑的模型检测算法的复杂性不一样,优化算法往往是针对某些特定类型的逻辑公式.本文将就这几个方面分别加以阐述,最后介绍该领域的新进展.

认知逻辑中逻辑全知问题及其解决方法

分析认知逻辑中的逻辑全知问题及其解决方法， 提出一种可以避免逻辑全知的认知逻辑 Ｅ Ｌ，

模糊模态命题逻辑及其广义重言式

首先讨论广义泛代数理论,引入变维运算和广义型的概念,并进而给出了广义泛代数的定义.随后,给出模糊模态命题逻辑的概念,并定义了模糊模态命题运算.最后,以泛代数理论为基础给出M-W系统的定义,并讨论了相应系统中广义重言式的性质及其分类,证明了系统M-W只有三种广义重言式.

模糊模态逻辑中的永真式与准永真式

研究了模糊模态逻辑中的永真式与基本模态逻辑中的有效公式之间的关系.证明了永真式一定是逻辑有效公式,但反之不真;在模糊模态逻辑中,针对一类重要的二元关系、即连续型二元关系引入了准永真式的概念,研究了准永真式的基本性质,并结合￡*系统构造出了一类永真式和准永真式.

非经典逻辑的语义tableau方法

1.引言 自动推理作为自动定理证明的扩展,在计算机科学,特别是人工智能领域中占有重要的地位.许多系统,都是以推理系统作为其核心部分,因此自动推理的研究,对人工智能的其它分枝将产生深远的影响,它所提出的推理方法也被应用于人工智能的各个领域.