基于作者共被引的公共行政研究状况图谱分析——以《Public Administration Review》为研究对象

一门学科的发展离不开优秀专家学者的倾力支持,在公共行政学的形成和发展过程中,同样有一批优秀的公共行政学者推动了公共行政不同分支领域的衍生与发展。运用作者共被引和信息可视化方法,对权威期刊《公共行政评论》(Public Administration Review)于1975—2008年间发表的论文引文中被引频次前50名的学者进行分析。研究结果展现了公共行政领域的主要学术流派,并验证了公共行政研究确实是在沿着范式转移的轨迹更迭交替着。而这种变迁是相对的,大部分时间内,不同范式之间以及和其他学术流派之间是共存、互动甚至交融的。研究还发现,网络化治理正凭借其多中心和网络化的组织基础以及服务治理的先进理念迅速崛起,它将成为公共行政新的研究范式,而基于网络理论的公共行政理论大整合也将很有可能成为公共行政未来的研究热点。此外,实证结果与公共行政范式分类的高度相似性也充分表明了作者共被引和信息可视化方法的科学和有效,它的确为学科范式研究提供了一条定量研究的新思路和一个宏观分析的新视角。

Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other zoonotic canine hookworms:neglected public and animal health risks in the Asia-Pacific region

Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 milion cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fth of these cases are attrib-uted to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region.This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,control,prevention and elimination of A.ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats.A.ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hook-worm in the region;it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections.Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A.ceylanicum has three possible transmis-sion dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only pathways.The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identifica-tion in helminth surveys.The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),includ-ing hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 gene.These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A.caninum but have not been found in A.ceylanicum in the field.A.ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region.The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occur-rence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci.The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored.Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region,the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can under-mine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.

Change in Public Administration from the Perspective of Risk Society

In the context of risk society, public administration is facing more complex circumstances, which will inevitably call for an overall restructuring. In the dimension of circumstances, extreme disasters, transboundary crisis and emerging risks create the complex context of public administration. In the dimension of structure, the original structure of public administration still exists but its mode of operation is subject to change. In the meantime, the adaptation to complex scenarios of potential risk society will bring innovations to the structure of public administration so that the structure can develop from a hierarchical mode to a network mode on the whole. In the dimension of process, driven by shifts between order and chaos within the social system, public administration will also undergo frequent shifts between routine administration and emergency management. The core of public administration in the context of risk society is its emergency management, which needs to strike a balance between security and development at the value goal level. As to institutional design, emergency management should be characteristic of an all-hazards approach, multi-organization participation, whole-process management and overall adaptive management. Both the theory and the practice of public administration in China need to be reviewed to address challenges of risk society and explore a new approach that is suitable for China's political situation and can be included into our global risk society governance.

Study on the Instability of Information Systems and Security Risks in the Public Administration: Case of Burkina Faso Public Administration

The purpose of this research is to show the instability and the security risks of the information system in Burkina-Faso public administration. In this paper, witnessing unsatisfactory services such as government messaging (mailer.gov.bf) as well as G-cloud services which are the government cloud were studied. The behavior of user agents on the administration’s IT infrastructures which could expose the information system to security risks was also studied. The expected result shows evidence of the weakness of the public administration information system and provides some recommendation.

A Review and Critique of Discourse Mode of Public Administration Slogans——Based on the Study of Postmodern Public Administration Discourse Theory

Public administration slogans include oral and written slogans which made by governments at all levels according to the policy or administration under the propagation tasks. T he purpose is to enhance propaganda effects by repeating the same concepts and objectives. While the democratic awareness in public discourses is keep growing,there are some surveys on the quality of public administration slogans. In order to improve the quality of public administration slogans,governments in Anhui Province should organize professionals and pay closely attention to the guidance of policy before they sort,edit,produce and release public administration slogans.

Cyber Development of Government Service Platform in Social Public Administration

The cyber development of government service platform is just to integrate all the superiorities of the government to strengthen its roles such as service,performance and function to drive the social development actively.Hence,the social public administration will take this opportunity to optimize the cyber information service platform to make the civic administration oriented to the social development to maximize its functions of organization,coordination and service to protrude the ascendancy of the web era so as to lay a solid foundation for the leap development of the public administration.

Including Minorities Within Organizations.A Research on Cultural Diversity in Italian Public Administration

The organizations operating in the public sphere can adopt various relational strategies to adapt to transformations linked to the presence of minorities and cultural diversities among its members.The emergence of the concept of diversity in the 1990s and the associated shifting of equal opportunities pose specific challenges in relation to minority employees.The aim of this study is to carry out a primary mapping of the diversity inclusion policies in Italian public administrations,as an emblematic example of the public sector in the Mediterranean area,and to analyse the factors that may favour the inclusion of minorities within organizations.Our approach integrates both quantitative and qualitative analysis.The research was organized in two phases:the first one was a monitoring of those public administrations sensitive to diversity policies;the second one was an analysis of 38 semi-structured interviews with privileged witnesses,including an analysis of the data and information from current activities of their organizations.An important element of originality of this contribution is that it investigates the perspectives and perceptions of the inhabitant of the Italian public administrations.Finally,this study offers concrete recommendations for the implementation of gender equality and diversity&inclusion in Italy,particularly in terms of training policies.

“行政”(administration)义考

"行政"一词是行政学的核心概念。作为一个学科,概念梳理和界定是一项基础性工作,如果概念特别是核心概念不清,学科发展必然会受到影响。本文从文字构成、词源、中英文对照的比较视角以及学科发展脉络对"行政"的含义进行考证和梳理。

On the Circumstance Administration Commonweal Lawsuit System

In China,establishing institution of environmental administrative public interest litigation is necessary and of great importance.It is not only necessary for supervising law-based administration of administrative subjects,but also for preserving the ecological environment well,as well as being integrated with the international community.The key to establish China’s institution of environmental administrative public interest litigation to broaden the scope of accepting cases,extend the plaintiff qualification,and establish the prepositive procedure institution inevitable for administrative reconsideration,the compulsory lawyer agency institution,as well as the successful plaintiff incentive institution,and so on.

Analysis of the Standardization of Administrative Management in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Information Technology

In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.

新文科建设背景下公共管理硕士人才培养质量保障体系探究

新文科建设是党和国家立足于民族复兴、人才培养的战略高位,对我国高等教育现代化发展所做出的有益探索与伟大尝试,给公共管理硕士人才培养也带来了无限机遇。文章在总结提炼新文科建设的特征及其对公共管理硕士人才的总体要求背景下,梳理了当前国内公共管理学科的发展概况及人才培养方面存在的现实问题,并基于“手段-目的链”分析框架,构建了“四维一体”人才培养质量保障体系,其中“四维”包括:制度创新、实践平台、保障机制和课程改革,“一体”强调以研究生培养质量为导向。在此基础上,深入分析了该体系在公共管理硕士人才培养质量保障方面的实践路径、特色及效果。文章旨在为国内高校加快推进高等教育现代化进程中公共管理硕士人才的培养提供思路借鉴和参考。

职责视角下的突发公共卫生事件时期疫苗管理政策差异量化研究

目的:量化分析突发公共卫生事件时期针对暴发传染病的疫苗管理与常规疫苗管理在管理职责和职责主体方面存在的差异。方法:构建我国疫苗管理职责框架,从管理职责、职责主体和疫苗类型三个维度对我国中央层面的疫苗政策文本进行量化处理,使用统计分析、共现聚类和中心性测算的方法进行差异比较。结果:突发公共卫生事件传染病疫苗的接种、生产和研发方面的职责受到更多重视,落实接种政策与宣传科普工作使得更多政策实施主体承担了疫苗管理职责,疫苗的保障措施贯穿管理的各个阶段。卫生健康部门和药品监管部门是管理核心职责部门,科技部门、工业信息化部门具有较多协同合作职责,教育部门、发展改革部门承担较大联通协调职责。结论:突发公共卫生事件时期传染病疫苗管理职责更多,需要多部门高效合作,在疫苗的流通和信息管理方面予以更多重视,充分发挥疾控部门在基层人才队伍与信息监测方面的优势,科学落实国家防疫政策,引导非行政主体承担管理职责,并强化核心责任主体“枢纽”作用。

行政诉讼中公序良俗原则之适用

公序良俗原则在行政诉讼中的适用边界具有模糊性。通过NVivo质性分析可得出,近年来在行政诉讼中适用公序良俗原则的案件数量增加,案件类型的范围显著扩张。对法院、原告与被告就该原则的判断标准或描述性方式及其裁判文书中位置梳理可得出,不同法官对公序良俗原则的判断标准不同,当事人对该原则也有不同的理解。公序良俗原则判断标准的不确定性成因,一是法院对该原则的论述理由不具有说服力,应适当考虑行政诉讼当事人的描述性方式,并对此予以适当回应;二是法官缺乏将原则具体化的思维工具,宜通过“比附”和“还原”方式厘清公序良俗原则的适用边界,进而搭建起适用公序良俗原则及其新规则的路径。

论公共卫生治理的政府责任

多元共治时代,公共卫生治理中政府责任要打破基于行政任务进行责任配置的传统逻辑,将政府责任的厘定置于“公共任务公私合作”和“行政任务公私合作”的双重视域。公共卫生治理中行政机关作为公共任务公私合作的主导者和行政任务公私合作的责任方,在承担领导与促进责任、组织与动员责任、履行或担保责任、监督与救济责任之时,其内部构造差异明显。新时代公共卫生治理体系建构必须着眼于中国式社会治理共同体这一整体性视角,科学厘定公共卫生治理中政府责任的内部法律构造,统筹推动公共卫生治理法治化进程。

能动检察理念下的行政公益诉讼立法

行政公益诉讼是检察公益诉讼立法的重要内容。而能动检察对行政公益诉讼立法具有指导性。能动检察在行政公益诉讼立法中的展开,既要从行政公益诉讼类型的健全进行设计,发挥其整体运行实效,又要从具体运行机制的优化进行考量,实现行政公益诉讼制度的独特价值。在行政公益诉讼类型健全方面,能动检察要求确立预防性行政公益诉讼制度,实现源头预防;确立公共利益的识别标准,为新领域行政公益诉讼明确指向。在行政公益诉讼运行机制优化方面,能动检察要求在一体化体制下建立案件线索多元获取机制、完善行政公益诉讼调查核实机制、健全行政公益诉讼检察建议机制、建立全过程的动态跟踪反馈监督机制等。能动检察在使行政公益诉讼制度充分释放其公益保护活力的同时,也要保持司法理性,这就要求行政公益诉讼立法确定能动检察的必要限度,尊重行政机关的执法专长,理顺检察权与行政权的关系。

行政协议单方变更解除权的规范行使研究

《最高人民法院关于审理行政协议案件若干问题的规定》明确了行政机关享有基于优益权的行政协议单方变更解除权。行政机关依据公共利益优先、平衡公私利益及契约精神等理念行使单方变更解除权。文章通过分析司法实践中的案例,发现了行政机关单方变更解除行政协议的依据不清晰、程序适用不规范、赔偿补偿标准不明确、与民事合同的变更解除区分不明确等问题,指出须明晰权力行使依据,规范行使程序,明确补偿方式及标准,区分单方变更解除权与民事变更解除。