Development of a Quantitative Prediction Support System Using the Linear Regression Method

The development of prediction supports is a critical step in information systems engineering in this era defined by the knowledge economy, the hub of which is big data. Currently, the lack of a predictive model, whether qualitative or quantitative, depending on a company’s areas of intervention can handicap or weaken its competitive capacities, endangering its survival. In terms of quantitative prediction, depending on the efficacy criteria, a variety of methods and/or tools are available. The multiple linear regression method is one of the methods used for this purpose. A linear regression model is a regression model of an explained variable on one or more explanatory variables in which the function that links the explanatory variables to the explained variable has linear parameters. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how to use multiple linear regressions, which is one aspect of decisional mathematics. The use of multiple linear regressions on random data, which can be replaced by real data collected by or from organizations, provides decision makers with reliable data knowledge. As a result, machine learning methods can provide decision makers with relevant and trustworthy data. The main goal of this article is therefore to define the objective function on which the influencing factors for its optimization will be defined using the linear regression method.

Prediction of Link Failure in MANET-IoT Using Fuzzy Linear Regression

A Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork(MANET)contains numerous mobile nodes,and it forms a structure-less network associated with wireless links.But,the node movement is the key feature of MANETs;hence,the quick action of the nodes guides a link failure.This link failure creates more data packet drops that can cause a long time delay.As a result,measuring accurate link failure time is the key factor in the MANET.This paper presents a Fuzzy Linear Regression Method to measure Link Failure(FLRLF)and provide an optimal route in the MANET-Internet of Things(IoT).This work aims to predict link failure and improve routing efficiency in MANET.The Fuzzy Linear Regression Method(FLRM)measures the long lifespan link based on the link failure.The mobile node group is built by the Received Signal Strength(RSS).The Hill Climbing(HC)method selects the Group Leader(GL)based on node mobility,node degree and node energy.Additionally,it uses a Data Gathering node forward the infor-mation from GL to the sink node through multiple GL.The GL is identified by linking lifespan and energy using the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algo-rithm.The simulation results demonstrate that the FLRLF approach increases the GL lifespan and minimizes the link failure time in the MANET.

Statistical Analysis of Fuzzy Linear Regression Model Based on Centroid Method

This paper transforms fuzzy number into clear number using the centroid method, thus we can research the traditional linear regression model which is transformed from the fuzzy linear regression model. The model’s input and output are fuzzy numbers, and the regression coefficients are clear numbers. This paper considers the parameter estimation and impact analysis based on data deletion. Through the study of example and comparison with other models, it can be concluded that the model in this paper is applied easily and better.

Determination of Compositions and Stability Constants of Holmium and Yttrium Complexes with Tribromoarsenazo by Linear Regression Method

According to the appearing of isosbestic point in the absorption spectra of Ho/Y-Tribromoarsenazo (TBA)systems,the complexation reaction is considered to be M+nL=ML_n.A method has been proposed based on it for calculating the mole fraction of free complexing agent in the solutions from spectral data.and two linear regression formula have been introduced to determine the composition,the molar absorptivity,the conditional stability constant of the complex and the concentration of the complexing agent. This method has been used in Ho-TBA and Y-TBA systems.Ho^(3+)and Y^(3+)react with TBA and form 1: 2 complexes in HCl-NaAc buffer solution at pH 3.80.Their molar absorptivities determined are 1.03×10~8 and 1.10×10~8 cm^2·mol^(-1),and the conditional stability constants(logβ_2)are 11.37 and 11.15 respectively.After considering the pH effect in TBA complexing,their stability constants(log β_2^(ahs))are 43.23 and 43.01. respectively.The new method is adaptable to such systems where the accurate concentration of the complexing agent can not be known conveniently.

Determination of Composition and Stability Constant of Praseodymium(Pr^(3+))Complex with Tribromoarsenazo(TBA)by Dual-Series Linear Regression Method

A new method,dual-series linear regression method,has been used to study the complexation equilibrium of praseodymium(Pr^(3+))with tribromoarsenazo(TBA)without knowing the accurate concentra- tion of the complexing agent TBA.In 1.2 mol/L HCl solution, Pr^(3+)reacts with TBA and forms 1:3 com- plex,the conditional stability constant(lgβ_3)of the complex determined is 15.47,and its molar absorptivity(ε_3^(630))is 1.48×10~5 L·mol^(-1)·cm^(-1).

Analysis of the Invariance and Generalizability of Multiple Linear Regression Model Results Obtained from Maslach Burnout Scale through Jackknife Method

The purpose of this study was to examine the burnout levels of research assistants in Ondokuz Mayis University and to examine the results of multiple linear regression model based on the results obtained from Maslach Burnout Scale with Jackknife Method in terms of validity and generalizability. To do this, a questionnaire was given to 11 research assistants working at Ondokuz Mayis University and the burnout scores of this questionnaire were taken as the dependent variable of the multiple linear regression model. The variable of burnout was explained with the variables of age, weekly hours of classes taught, monthly average credit card debt, numbers of published articles and reports, gender, marital status, number of children and the departments of the research assistants. Dummy variables were assigned to the variables of gender, marital status, number of children and the departments of the research assistants and thus, they were made quantitative. The significance of the model as a result of multiple linear regressions was examined through backward elimination method. After this, for the five explanatory variables which influenced the variable of burnout, standardized model coefficients and coefficients of determination, and 95% confidence intervals of these values were estimated through Jackknife Method and the generalizability of the parameter estimation results of these variables on population was researched.

A Study of EM Algorithm as an Imputation Method: A Model-Based Simulation Study with Application to a Synthetic Compositional Data

Compositional data, such as relative information, is a crucial aspect of machine learning and other related fields. It is typically recorded as closed data or sums to a constant, like 100%. The statistical linear model is the most used technique for identifying hidden relationships between underlying random variables of interest. However, data quality is a significant challenge in machine learning, especially when missing data is present. The linear regression model is a commonly used statistical modeling technique used in various applications to find relationships between variables of interest. When estimating linear regression parameters which are useful for things like future prediction and partial effects analysis of independent variables, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the method of choice. However, many datasets contain missing observations, which can lead to costly and time-consuming data recovery. To address this issue, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been suggested as a solution for situations including missing data. The EM algorithm repeatedly finds the best estimates of parameters in statistical models that depend on variables or data that have not been observed. This is called maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP). Using the present estimate as input, the expectation (E) step constructs a log-likelihood function. Finding the parameters that maximize the anticipated log-likelihood, as determined in the E step, is the job of the maximization (M) phase. This study looked at how well the EM algorithm worked on a made-up compositional dataset with missing observations. It used both the robust least square version and ordinary least square regression techniques. The efficacy of the EM algorithm was compared with two alternative imputation techniques, k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and mean imputation (), in terms of Aitchison distances and covariance.

Imputing missing values using cumulative linear regression

The concept of missing data is important to apply statistical methods on the dataset. Statisticians and researchers may end up to an inaccurate illation about the data if the missing data are not handled properly. Of late, Python and R provide diverse packages for handling missing data. In this study, an imputation algorithm, cumulative linear regression, is proposed. The proposed algorithm depends on the linear regression technique. It differs from the existing methods, in that it cumulates the imputed variables;those variables will be incorporated in the linear regression equation to filling in the missing values in the next incomplete variable. The author performed a comparative study of the proposed method and those packages. The performance was measured in terms of imputation time, root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination (R^2). On analysing on five datasets with different missing values generated from different mechanisms, it was observed that the performances vary depending on the size, missing percentage, and the missingness mechanism. The results showed that the performance of the proposed method is slightly better.

Linear Regression Analysis for Symbolic Interval Data

In the network technology era, the collected data are growing more and more complex, and become larger than before. In this article, we focus on estimates of the linear regression parameters for symbolic interval data. We propose two approaches to estimate regression parameters for symbolic interval data under two different data models and compare our proposed approaches with the existing methods via simulations. Finally, we analyze two real datasets with the proposed methods for illustrations.

Robust Linear Regression Models:Use of a Stable Distribution for the Response Data

In this paper, we study some robustness aspects of linear regression models of the presence of outliers or discordant observations considering the use of stable distributions for the response in place of the usual normality assumption. It is well known that, in general, there is no closed form for the probability density function of stable distributions. However, under a Bayesian approach, the use of a latent or auxiliary random variable gives some simplification to obtain any posterior distribution when related to stable distributions. To show the usefulness of the computational aspects, the methodology is applied to two examples: one is related to a standard linear regression model with an explanatory variable and the other is related to a simulated data set assuming a 23 factorial experiment. Posterior summaries of interest are obtained using MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) methods and the OpenBugs software.

滑坡在役防治工程缺陷分类和健康评价方法

为快速评估常见在役滑坡防治工程的运行状态并采取科学有效的维护手段,笔者在三峡库区、汶川震区和川东地区实地调查了160余处抗滑挡墙、抗滑桩和格构锚固工程,获取了上述三类滑坡防治工程表征损伤的第一手资料,总结分析了其变形破坏模式及特征,定义了滑坡防治工程缺陷的概念,定性地提出了缺陷程度分级标准。在统计分析滑坡防治工程损伤特征基础上,选取了墙身滑移距离、墙身沉陷位移、墙身倾斜程度、墙身裂缝密度、桩体倾斜程度、桩体剪切程度、桩体裂缝密度、格梁最大裂缝宽度、单根格构梁裂缝率和受损格构变形区比例等10个控制指标作为其缺陷分类指标,结合多元线性回归法,对单体工程结构进行综合量化评分评定,进而建立了半定量的滑坡防治工程健康评价方法。

基于一元线性回归模型的供水网络中水表读数虚高问题研究

为了定量研究供水网络中总表漏水程度和分表读数虚高程度,根据水量平衡分析法的原理,结合大数据分析技术,建立了一元线性回归方程,回归常数代表总表漏水量程度,回归系数代表分表读数虚高程度。通过针对2021年某高校供水管网的实证研究表明,总表日均漏水量为15.5958吨,分表读数虚高率为1.07%。该方法对供水管网漏损率的精准评估等问题的解决提供了新的思路和方法。

基于二次指数平滑和多元线性回归的宁波市港口物流需求预测分析

随着经济全球化的发展,港口作为物流发展的重要环节,港口物流需求已经成为港口资源配置规划和进出口贸易的重要依据。为对宁波市港口物流需求进行科学合理的预测,文章借助SPSS等数据分析软件,使用二次指数平滑和多元线性回归分别对其物流需求进行预测,通过对比两种预测方法的精度,最后发现,二次指数平滑法的预测精确度要优于多元线性回归法,并通过二次指数平滑法预测宁波市未来五年的港口物流需求量。

基于最小二乘法线性回归的火炮身管寿命预测

为直观地判断火炮身管寿命,提出一种基于最小二乘法线性回归的预测方法。根据靶场身管参数试验数据分析火炮身管内径、药室长、弯曲度随射弹数增加的变化规律;利用最小二乘法线性回归建立火炮身管磨损量与射弹数的关系式;对某型火炮身管寿命进行预测。结果表明:该方法能够较为准确地预测出火炮身管寿命且算法简单,便于推广使用,可为火炮射击、退役报废等提供重要参考。

基于有效积温法改进婺源油菜花期预报模型

基于1995-2022年婺源油菜观测资料和气象资料,分别以油菜现蕾、抽薹为起点,利用多元线性回归方法对基于有效积温法的油菜花期预报模型进行改进,建立了基于有效积温法模拟预报的普花期与实际日期误差天数的气象因子模型,以提高婺源花期预报模型的精确度。利用模拟精度、均方根误差(RMSE)和相对误差(RE)对改进前后的模拟效果进行对比和评价。结果表明:(1)以0℃为有效积温阈值,以平均有效积温值为有效积温指标对油菜普花期进行初步预报,随普花期临近预报精度提高。(2)相关分析表明,气温是影响油菜普花期的主要气象因子,以2月中旬平均气温、最高气温和最低气温为自变量,以基于有效积温法模拟预报的普花期与实际日期的误差天数为因变量,建立的气象因子改进模型具有统计学意义且通过显著性检验。(3)分别对改进前后的预报模型进行检验和评价,两种方法建立的预报模型效果均较好,气象因子改进模型的模拟结果更优,提高了油菜普花期预报的准确度。以抽薹为起点的气象因子改进预报模型在油菜普花期预报方面精确度最高,可有效应用于油菜普花期预报。

黄河流域用水现状及需水预测研究

为深入探讨黄河流域的用水现状,并评估未来需水规模,根据1988—2021年用水资料,对黄河流域用水现状进行分析,并运用Holt线性趋势法、GM(1,1)灰色预测模型、定额法和多元线性回归方法对黄河流域2035年需水量进行预测,结果表明:黄河流域1988—2021年用水总量大致分为大幅度降低阶段(1988—2003年)、快速上升阶段(2004—2015年)和波动降低阶段(2016—2021年)3个阶段;流域用水结构变化显著,农业用水量和工业用水量比例呈下降趋势,年均下降率分别为0.83%和0.53%;在4种预测方法中,多元线性回归模型预测效果最好,2035年需水量预测值为537.41亿m^(3),需水量的增长将带来较大的水资源供应压力,对水资源的可持续利用构成威胁。

典型悬挂物结构特征参数分布特性及回归分析

针对模拟弹在设计时因机载导弹的质量分布特性难以精确模拟而影响其内弹道参数精度的问题,应用统计学理论研究真实导弹特征参数的分布规律,并对其进行多元线性回归分析。基于MATLAB软件,通过K-S检验法得到质量、质心、极转动惯量、赤道转动惯量、偏心距的分布规律。基于SPSS数据处理平台,应用最小二乘法,通过多元线性回归分析得到真实导弹特征参数的线性关系。研究表明:不含弹头的弹丸质量和偏心距服从韦布尔分布,质心与极转动惯量服从正态分布;含弹头的弹丸质量、质心和极转动惯量服从正态分布,赤道转动惯量和偏心距服从正态分布和韦布尔分布;不含弹头的弹丸极转动惯量与质量的二次方成反比、与赤道转动惯量的一次方成正比,赤道转动惯量与极转动惯量的一次方和二次方均成反比;含弹头的弹丸赤道转动惯量与质量的一次方成反比。

Influence of confined water on the limit support pressure of tunnel face in weakly water-rich strata

In the process of shield tunneling through soft soil layers,the presence of confined water ahead poses a significant threat to the stability of the tunnel face.Therefore,it is crucial to consider the impact of confined water on the limit support pressure of the tunnel face.This study employed the finite element method(FEM)to analyze the limit support pressure of shield tunnel face instability within a pressurized water-containing layer.Subsequently,a multiple linear regression approach was applied to derive a concise solution formula for the limit support pressure,incorporating various influencing factors.The analysis yields the following conclusions:1)The influence of confined water on the instability mode of the tunnel face in soft soil layers makes the displacement response of the strata not significant when the face is unstable;2)The limit support pressure increases approximately linearly with the pressure head,shield tunnel diameter,and tunnel burial depth.And inversely proportional to the thickness of the impermeable layer,soil cohesion and internal friction angle;3)Through an engineering case study analysis,the results align well with those obtained from traditional theoretical methods,thereby validating the rationality of the equations proposed in this paper.Furthermore,the proposed equations overcome the limitation of traditional theoretical approaches considering the influence of changes in impermeable layer thickness.It can accurately depict the dynamic variation in the required limit support pressure to maintain the stability of the tunnel face during shield tunneling,thus better reflecting engineering reality.

Changes of coastline and tidal flat and its implication for ecological protection under human activities: Take China’s Bohai Bay as an example

The change processes and trends of shoreline and tidal flat forced by human activities are essential issues for the sustainability of coastal area,which is also of great significance for understanding coastal ecological environment changes and even global changes.Based on field measurements,combined with Linear Regression(LR)model and Inverse Distance Weighing(IDW)method,this paper presents detailed analysis on the change history and trend of the shoreline and tidal flat in Bohai Bay.The shoreline faces a high erosion chance under the action of natural factors,while the tidal flat faces a different erosion and deposition patterns in Bohai Bay due to the impact of human activities.The implication of change rule for ecological protection and recovery is also discussed.Measures should be taken to protect the coastal ecological environment.The models used in this paper show a high correlation coefficient between observed and modeling data,which means that this method can be used to predict the changing trend of shoreline and tidal flat.The research results of present study can provide scientific supports for future coastal protection and management.

岩石抗剪强度参数的加权线性回归估计与验证

研究了岩石抗剪强度参数的优化估计方法,针对岩石抗剪强度数据中存在的异方差问题,引入了加权线性回归方法。在岩石抗剪强度的线性回归分析中,一般假定因变量观测值的观测误差都服从同一正态分布,但忽略了三轴强度数据中所存在的异方差问题。利用位于四川省西南地区的露天砂岩为研究对象,获取砂岩在不同围压下的三轴强度数据并应用加权线性回归方法进行分析并解决了数据的异方差问题。首先介绍了岩石抗剪强度的理论基础和相关的统计方法,然后详细阐述了加权线性回归的概念及应用范围。提出了加权线性回归的理论公式和检验方法,并解释了加权回归中的权重定义和计算方法。最后通过位于四川省西南地区的露天砂岩的试验数据进行验证,研究结果证明了加权最小二乘法在岩石抗剪强度参数估计中的有效性,研究成果可为抗剪强度参数的选取提供相关的理论依据。