ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF REGULATED WATER RESOURCES OF GROUNDWATER RESERVOIR

Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arran- gement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir. To resolve the problem of real-time quantification of regulated water, the paper analyzed sources and compositions of regulated water in detail. Then, under the conditions of satisfying water demand inside research area, the paper analyzed quantity available and regulation coefficient of different regulated water and established a formula to calculate regulated water. At last, based on a pore groundwater reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yinma River, Jilin Province, the paper calculated regulated water with the formula and the result shows that the method is feasible. With some constraint conditions, the formula can be adopted in other similar areas.

Study on Production Regulation of Reservoir under Different Demand

Natural gas production is related to the demand for gas, which is low in summer and high in winter. While the gas storage is still being demonstrated and constructed, oil and gas fields should formulate and implement production control schemes suitable for gas reservoirs. The realization of natural gas production can not only meet the demand of gas consumption, but also ensure the scientific and efficient development of gas reservoirs, and meet the needs of dynamic analysis of gas reservoirs at different development stages and scientific research of gas reservoirs. In this paper, KAPPA Workstation 5.20 software is used to determine the inflow dynamic model of a single well. The nodal method is used to determine the reasonable production and peak shaving capacity in combination with the critical fluid carrying capacity of gas wells and the erosion rate of gas wells. The reasonable production allocation in each period, i.e. the production control scheme, is obtained. It solves the scientific and efficient development of natural gas in X gas field, which is still under the construction of gas storage, and provides guidance for gas reservoir development management and regulation.

Exploration on ecological regulation of the reservoirs

Reservoir regulation process in the Yangtze River basin is mainly divided into two types of flood regulation and initiating benefit regulation. The present reservoir management system and operation mode are mainly for dealing with or coordinating of flood control and benefit initiation as well as benefit distribution among various beneficial functions. From the view point of river ecosystem protection, the current regulation mode has two kinds of problems: firstly, most of the reservoir regulation plans do not consider ecosystem protection at downstream of dams and needs of environment protection in reservoir areas; secondly, integrated regulation or management of water resources is ignored. It is very necessary to improve reservoir regulation mode, bearing problems faced by regulation of the Three Gorges reservoir and issues related to cascade development and regulation in Tuojiang and Minjiang River basins in mind. In accordance with the concept of scientific development, and the philosophy of "ensuring a healthy Yangtze River and promoting the harmony between human and water", taking flood control, benefit initiation and eco-system as a whole, this paper put forward the basic consideration to improve reservoir regulation as follows: on the basis of requirements of ecosystem protection at downstream of dams and needs of environment protection in reservoir areas, we should bring the functions of reservoir such as flood control and benefit initiation into full play, control the negative influence to the ecosystem at downstream of dams and the environment in reservoir areas in an endurable scope, and restore the ecosystem and the environment step by step. This paper put forward the relevant regulation process aiming at the idiographic problems such as protection of ecosystem at downstream of dams and environment in reservoir areas, protection of aquatic wildlife species and fish species, regulation of sediment and protection of wetland.

Numerical Simulation of Oil and Gas Two-Phase Flow in Deep Condensate Gas Reservoirs in Bohai Buried Hills

The BZ19-6 gas field is characterized by high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), high condensate content, little difference between the formation pressure and dew point pressure, and large amount of reverse condensate liquid. During the early stage of depletion development, the production gas-oil ratio (GOR) and production capacity remain relatively stable, which is inconsistent with the conventional reverse condensate seepage law. In view of the static and dynamic conflict in development and production, indoor high-temperature and high-pressure PVT experiment was carried out to reveal the mist-like condensation phenomenon of fluids in the BZ19-6 formation. And the seepage characteristics of condensate gas reservoirs with various degrees of depletion under the condition of HTHP were analyzed based on production performance. The change rule of fluid phase state was analyzed in response to the characterization difficulties of the seepage mechanism. The fluid state was described using the miscible mechanism. And the interphase permeability interpolation coefficient was introduced based on interfacial tension. By doing so, the accurate characterization of the “single-phase flow of condensate gas-near-miscible mist-like quasi single-phase flow-oil-gas two-phase flow” during the development process was achieved. Then the accurate fitting of key indicators for oilfield development was completed, and the distribution law of formation pressure and the law of condensate oil precipitation under different reservoir conditions are obtained. Based on research results, the regulation strategy of variable flow rate production was developed. Currently, the work system has been optimized for 11 wells, achieving a “zero increase” in the GOS of the gas field and an annual oil increase of 22,000 cubic meters.

控制汉江丹江口至王甫洲区间伊乐藻的生态调度及其效果评估

为科学有效控制汉江丹江口至王甫洲区间伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)过度生长繁殖,研究生态调度的实施效果,采用生物量调查法、分布面积统计法、数学模型模拟法等方法分析生态调度实施前后伊乐藻总生物量和分布面积的变化情况,并探讨对丹江口水库下泄流量的需求。结果表明,连续3年实施生态调度,伊乐藻总生物量由2019年的4.8万t减少至2022年的40.11 t,分布面积由11.60 km^(2)减少至0.23 km^(2),减幅均达到了95%以上;伊乐藻生物量占沉水植物总生物的比重从99.99%减少至17%,生态调度效果较好;春季生态调度应重点从增加流量极值比出发进行中度干扰,夏秋季生态调度重点从满足0.14 m/s临界流速出发进行大流速冲刷。研究结果明确了王甫洲水库伊乐藻的生态调度需求,为持续开展伊乐藻“灾害”防控提供了参考基础。

黄河下游花园口以上河段滞沙能力分析

黄河下游河床调整主要取决于来水来沙和河床边界条件,河床调整沿程不均衡特征明显,花园口以上河段床演变对水沙条件的变化响应尤为突出,泥沙冲淤调整幅度最大。基于河道冲淤及水沙演进特性、滞沙可行性、河槽几何特性等分析,提出了花园口以上河段可作为泥沙天然反调节“库”概念,结合黄河下游实测洪水资料,采用水力计算方法,计算了花园口以上河段的河槽排洪能力及不同河槽规模条件下河槽允许滞沙量,提出了反调“库”滞沙能力,可为小浪底水库排沙指标的确定提供依据,对维持小浪底水库有效库容、弥补后续清水河床沙源不足、改善黄河下游河槽冲淤不均衡现象具有重要意义。

洪水期小浪底水库排沙影响因素及规律研究

小浪底水库排沙主要集中在汛前调水调沙期和汛期洪水期。2000—2022年汛前调水调沙期和汛期洪水期小浪底水库累计排沙分别为4.840亿t和21.546亿t,分别占水库运用以来排沙总量的18.3%、81.5%。研究表明,入库水量与回水长度是影响汛前调水调沙期小浪底水库排沙效果的主要因素;入库水量越大,回水长度越短,排沙效果越好。通过多元回归得到了汛前调水调沙期小浪底水库排沙量与影响因素的关系。汛期洪水期小浪底水库排沙主要影响因素为壅水指标和进出库流量比,通过研究量化了汛期洪水期排沙比与影响因素的关系。

微生物提高油藏原油采收率进展

文章从油藏中普遍存在的采油微生物类群及其驱油机制、微生物采油技术的矿场应用、采油微生物的响应等方面对油藏微生物及其提高原油采收率进展进行综述.同时从营养剂在油藏储层中的分布、油藏环境下微生物生长代谢活性、油藏微生物定向调控等方面阐述了微生物采油技术发展的基础问题.

多年调节综合利用水库多级调度图编制研究

承担多项兴利任务的多年调节水库,需综合考虑入库径流和不同任务要求编制多级调度图。提出了改进典型年法编制多年调节综合利用水库的多级调度图,即对不同来水水平年,根据水库各项兴利任务的设计保证率和年保证供水过程,将综合供水进行对应分级,拟定各级供水过程的供水系数,计算得到多级综合供水过程和年需供水量;利用长系列入库径流资料,根据各级供水任务年需供水量选取典型年,按相应需供水过程进行供水;考虑多年调节水库蓄供水特性,采用不同起调水位编制各调度线,上调度线典型年从蓄水期末水库位于正常蓄水位起调,下调度线和连枯年份调度线典型年从供水期末水库位于死水位起调,逆时序绘制各典型年水库蓄水指示线,分别取上、下包线,得到上、下调度线和连枯年份调度线;通过计算分界库容,拟定不同兴利任务的分界调度线,协调不同兴利任务。综合四条调度线,编制得到多年调节综合利用水库的多级调度图。选取某多年调节综合利用水库,按照流程编制其水库多级调度图,利用调度图进行长系列径流调度,经统计,所编制调度图满足各兴利部门设计保证率要求,多级调度图可有效指导水库运行,提高综合利用水库效益。

沿海中小河流域地表-地下水库联合调控洪水资源利用研究:Ⅰ.方法与模型

针对沿海中小河流域地表-地下水库复杂工程系统,因缺少联合调控方法而导致洪水资源利用难的问题,解析地表-地下水库系统结构与功能,定量模拟地表水库调度、闸坝调控下河流和地下水动力过程,并利用智能替代模型提升水动力过程计算速度;在此基础上通过研发时/日/月多时间尺度模型耦合嵌套方法,构建了兼顾计算精度与效率的地表-地下水库联合调控模型。该模型实现了洪水、地表-地下水相互作用和供水等时间尺度差异明显的调节过程的统一调配,可为沿海中小河流域洪水资源利用提供新思路与技术支撑。

不确定来水条件下龙羊峡水库年末水位优化

以黄河上游多年调节水库龙羊峡及下游刘家峡水库为研究对象,考虑来水不确定性影响,建立梯级水库群多目标随机优化模型,并基于理想点法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)决策方法,求解当年发电量与年末水位Pareto方案集中最佳方案,探讨来水频率及起调水位对年末水位和发电量的影响,验证年末期望水位保证多年调节水库发电效益的可靠性。结果表明:在不确定来水条件下,龙羊峡水库年末期望水位与龙羊峡水库、刘家峡水库年期望发电量之间存在竞争关系;龙羊峡水库来水频率越低、起调水位越高时,龙羊峡水库年末水位越高,龙羊峡水库、刘家峡水库发电量越大;基于提出的年末水位优化方法可大幅缩减龙羊峡水库现行调度方式下年末水位范围,且保障发电效益的可靠性在98%以上。

小浪底水库对接时机与对接水位的库区调控效应

如何运用水库群联合调度发挥最大的排沙效益是水沙调控的关键技术难题。选择2023年汛前黄河调水调沙时期三门峡水库和小浪底水库联合调度运用为对象,分析两库不同对接时机与对接水位的小浪底水库进出库水沙过程,量化两库间不同对接时机与对接水位的水沙调控效应。三门峡水库自身蓄水量较小、调水能力有限,通过改变三门峡泄流出库时机,产生的小浪底库区冲刷效果差异较大。随着对接水位的降低,库区冲刷量逐渐增加。随着三门峡水库相对起泄时间的推迟,库区冲刷量呈现先增加后减少的趋势。

极端耗水层带形成机制及流场调控增效模式——以陆相砂岩特高含水后期整装油田为例

以胜利油区陆相砂岩油藏整装油田为代表,主力单元进入特高含水后期(含水率大于95%),局部区域出现极端耗水现象,水油比急剧上升,注入水利用率大幅下降,吨油操作成本成倍增加,经济效益变差,但油藏中还有60%左右剩余地质储量。注入水沿着极端耗水层带窜流是制约陆相砂岩整装油田特高含水后期效益开发的关键问题。以提高特高含水老油田开发效益为目标,明晰了极端耗水层带形成机制及调控机理,建立了基于老井的变流线调控极端耗水层带扩波及方法,形成特高含水后期油藏精准描述及调控极端耗水层带扩波及的效益开发技术体系。通过应用流场调控技术,使传统认为含水率98%近废弃油藏开展示范应用,基于极端耗水层带流场调控经济寿命期延长10a以上,产油量大幅增加,含水率下降,吨油操作成本下降,实现了特高含水后期老油田低成本开发。

田-沟-塘系统纳洪减污效应研究进展

针对南方地区水资源时空分布不均、水旱灾害频发且极端气候加剧、农业用水效率不高且面源污染严重等水安全问题,探讨稻田、排水沟、塘堰组成的灌溉排水系统(简称田-沟-塘系统)的调蓄纳洪、协同减污效应,以期为灌区雨洪调蓄和节水减排提供理论参考。从灌区雨洪调蓄实际出发,对当前田-沟-塘系统的国内外研究工作和发展进行总结,对田-沟-塘系统承纳洪水、输水蓄水、优化调水、协同防控氮磷流失等基础理论和关键技术等问题进行阐述,提出了田-沟-塘系统的“虚拟水库”模式及其纳洪效应的模型模拟方法。目前关于田-沟-塘系统调水控水的研究还普遍停留在净化水质单方面效用上,水量调蓄方面则多以研究稻田、排水沟、塘堰单个体的水平衡过程为主,缺少田-沟-塘系统联合调度的系统研究,如何提高灌区粮食生产过程中雨洪调蓄利用仍缺乏系统思维和技术手段。未来的研究要进一步拓展和丰富田-沟-塘系统雨水调蓄利用和协同减污功能,揭示稻田作为“隐形蓄水池”的蓄水潜力以及田-沟-塘系统的调洪削峰减污能力。

Boosting spring runoff into the sea by reservoir regulation and its potential for estuarine fishery recovery

With global surge in reservoir construction over the past decades,river systems worldwide have been profoundly fragmented.Consequently,flow manipulation by reservoirs has altered the natural hydrological processes,resulting in extensive modifications of fluvial-marine ecosystems.Mitigating the adverse ecological consequences of reservoirs has become a global concern and has garnered increasing attention.The Yellow River,as one of the most extensively manipulated river systems globally,has experienced substantial changes in the amount and timing of water discharge due to the presence of numerous reservoirs scattered throughout its catchment area.These alterations have caused physicochemical changes in the estuary and subsequent modifications to the estuarine ecosystem.In recent years,the Yellow River Conservancy Committee initiated the release of water through the Xiaolangdi Dam during the major spawning period of fisheries,specifically in the spring,with the aim of improving the estuarine ecological environment.From 2011 to 2020,a total of 84.05 km^(3)of water was discharged from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir during spring seasons,of which 40%(33.16 km^(3))constituted water impounded within the reservoir during preceding months.Correspondingly,the spring water discharge from the Yellow River to the sea increased significantly from 1.50 km^(3)/yr to 3.46 km^(3)/yr in the past decade,leading to a decrease in estuarine salinity by 1.6 PSU.The estuarine fishery resources,such as fish eggs in the Yellow River estuary,have demonstrated evident improvement.The reservoir regulation in the Yellow River,which has successfully enhanced spring water discharge and subsequently restored estuarine fishery resources,presents an effective attempt for mitigating the adverse ecological effects associated with reservoirs.

沿海中小河流域地表-地下水库联合调控洪水资源利用研究:Ⅱ.实例应用

以山东半岛乳山河流域为例,构建了时、日、月多时间尺度嵌套的乳山河流域地表-地下水库联合调控模型,通过对地表水库泄流、河道闸坝控制水位、地表-地下水库供水等调控规则的优化,提出了地表-地下水库联合调控洪水资源利用方案。研究结果表明:在洪水来临之前通过地表-地下水库联合调控抬升河道控制水位、加大地下水库供水比例、增加河道入渗量,可将地表水库多余水量适时转移到地下水库,腾空地表水库拦洪库容,有效增加流域洪水资源利用量;联合调控方案下,乳山河流域洪水资源的丰(2007年)、平(1994年)、枯(1967年)年,洪水资源利用量分别增加了846.96万、728.77万、106.35万m^(3),验证了地表-地下水库联合调控模型的实际应用效果。

深水库区急弯段航道通航能力提升方案

随着三峡和葛洲坝枢纽通航能力的提升,两坝间航道仍是制约长江干线航运发展的瓶颈,其中石牌弯段则是主要碍航段之一。针对石牌弯段采用原型观测和三维数值模拟方法,分别开展隧洞引流和通航隧洞方案的研究。结果表明,深水库区弯曲航道因分流隧洞进出口水面比降小、流速低,分流量极其有限,无法达到预期分流效果和改善急弯段通航条件的目的;采用隧洞通航方式,水力指标基本满足规范要求,可有效提升通航效率。研究成果可为深水库区急弯航道通航能力的提升提供理论支撑和技术参考。

CO_(2)对稠油油藏的物性调控及辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率

为提高稠油油藏蒸汽驱后期开发效率,聚焦“双碳”背景下CCUS-EOR(碳捕集利用和封存体系提高采收率)技术的应用,以克拉玛依油田J6区为研究对象,通过对CO_(2)作用前后的稠油四组分分析,测试饱和压力、膨胀系数、黏度和密度变化情况,探究CO_(2)对稠油物性的调控效果;通过并联岩心物理模拟实验研究CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱提高采收率效果。研究结果表明:稠油黏度主要受胶质和沥青质含量影响,稠油随着CO_(2)溶解气量的增加,饱和压力由2.08 MPa上升至11.11 MPa,膨胀系数总体呈上升趋势,上升7.6%;同时,黏度降低30.5%,密度减小3.5%。表明CO_(2)在提高饱和压力的同时,通过优化膨胀系数、黏度和密度,有效改善了稠油物性。此外,采用CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱后,在CO_(2)溶解降黏、破乳的作用下,稠油采收率从38.55%提高至46.46%,相比纯蒸汽驱提高了7.91%。为CO_(2)辅助蒸汽驱提高稠油采收率的应用提供了理论和实验基础,可为同类型稠油油藏提高采收率提供借鉴。

三峡水库秋汛期水沙特点及秋汛洪水对库区冲淤的影响

长江上游秋汛洪水是三峡水库重要水沙事件,对三峡库区冲淤特性有直接影响。基于1954-2022年实测资料分析表明,近70年来长江上游秋汛期来水量变化不大,来沙量均值在2013年前后减幅达到87%。2013年以后,三峡库区秋汛洪水的来沙高度集中于嘉陵江流域,占寸滩沙量的70%以上,秋汛洪水通过影响嘉陵江的水沙条件,进而间接影响三峡水库秋汛期的入库水沙条件。与汛期洪水相比,秋汛洪水的泥沙90%以上在库区淤积,且库尾淤积更加突出。实测资料分析结果表明,秋汛洪水期间适时加大水库下泄流量,可显著增大排沙量,减轻库区淤积。研究成果对加深三峡水库淤积特性认识、优化三峡水库秋汛洪水调度具有重要意义。