Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)possess a rich historical background,unique theoretical framework,remarkable therapeutic efficacy,and abundant resources.However,the modernization and internationalization of TCMs ha...Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)possess a rich historical background,unique theoretical framework,remarkable therapeutic efficacy,and abundant resources.However,the modernization and internationalization of TCMs have faced significant obstacles due to their diverse ingredients and unknown mechanisms.To gain deeper insights into the phytochemicals and ensure the quality control of TCMs,there is an urgent need to enhance analytical techniques.Currently,two-dimensional(2D)chromatography,which incorporates two independent separation mechanisms,demonstrates superior separation capabilities compared to the traditional one-dimensional(1D)separation system when analyzing TCMs samples.Over the past decade,new techniques have been continuously developed to gain actionable insights from complex samples.This review presents the recent advancements in the application of multidimensional chromatography for the quality evaluation of TCMs,encompassing 2D-gas chromatography(GC),2D-liquid chromatography(LC),as well as emerging three-dimensional(3D)-GC,3D-LC,and their associated data-processing approaches.These studies highlight the promising potential of multidimensional chromatographic separation for future phytochemical analysis.Nevertheless,the increased separation capability has resulted in higher-order data sets and greater demands for data-processing tools.Considering that multidimensional chromatography is still a relatively nascent research field,further hardware enhancements and the implementation of chemometric methods are necessary to foster its robust development.展开更多
A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the...A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the succeeding reversed phase(RP) chromatography can be individually optimized, contrasted to the on-line system. The experimental results show that the mass fractions of acetonitrile for the SCX separation can be increased form 5% as references reported up to 20% so that the separation of peptides has been substantially improved. The off line system has been applied to the analysis of proteins extracted from the cancer tissue of nude mice inoculated by a human-hepatocellular-carcinoma cell-line D20. Some extreme basic proteins(pI>10) and larger proteins(M w>200 000), which are difficult to be isolated by the traditional 2D-PAGE method, have been identified in D20 sample.展开更多
基金This work is financially supported by the Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering&Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource UtilizationAdditional funding was provided by the Hunan Province Natural Science Fund(No.2020JJ4569 and 2023JJ60378)the Hunan Province College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202110530044 and S202210530048).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)possess a rich historical background,unique theoretical framework,remarkable therapeutic efficacy,and abundant resources.However,the modernization and internationalization of TCMs have faced significant obstacles due to their diverse ingredients and unknown mechanisms.To gain deeper insights into the phytochemicals and ensure the quality control of TCMs,there is an urgent need to enhance analytical techniques.Currently,two-dimensional(2D)chromatography,which incorporates two independent separation mechanisms,demonstrates superior separation capabilities compared to the traditional one-dimensional(1D)separation system when analyzing TCMs samples.Over the past decade,new techniques have been continuously developed to gain actionable insights from complex samples.This review presents the recent advancements in the application of multidimensional chromatography for the quality evaluation of TCMs,encompassing 2D-gas chromatography(GC),2D-liquid chromatography(LC),as well as emerging three-dimensional(3D)-GC,3D-LC,and their associated data-processing approaches.These studies highlight the promising potential of multidimensional chromatographic separation for future phytochemical analysis.Nevertheless,the increased separation capability has resulted in higher-order data sets and greater demands for data-processing tools.Considering that multidimensional chromatography is still a relatively nascent research field,further hardware enhancements and the implementation of chemometric methods are necessary to foster its robust development.
文摘A lab-made off line 2D-LC-MS system was developed for protein analysis. In case the off line 2D-LC was utilized for peptide separation, and the working conditions for strong cation exchange(SCX) chromatography and the succeeding reversed phase(RP) chromatography can be individually optimized, contrasted to the on-line system. The experimental results show that the mass fractions of acetonitrile for the SCX separation can be increased form 5% as references reported up to 20% so that the separation of peptides has been substantially improved. The off line system has been applied to the analysis of proteins extracted from the cancer tissue of nude mice inoculated by a human-hepatocellular-carcinoma cell-line D20. Some extreme basic proteins(pI>10) and larger proteins(M w>200 000), which are difficult to be isolated by the traditional 2D-PAGE method, have been identified in D20 sample.
