Therapeutic potential of Zataria multiflora:A narrative review of current evidence

Zataria multiflora Boiss is a perennial plant with a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities including antidiabetic,antinociceptive,anti-asthmatic,anti-fever,anti-spastic,anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial properties.This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of Zataria multiflora based on recent reports.The relevant reports were extracted by checking the electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar from the beginning of 2010 until the end of May 2023.The neuroprotective effects of Zataria multiflora can be attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase,enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and alleviation of brain oxidative damage.Zataria multiflora also exerts its protective effects on the respiratory system,liver,and kidney by reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines,scavenging the free radicals,and augmenting the antioxidant enzymes.Additionally,Zataria multiflora accelerates wound healing via upregulating transforming growth factor-β,insulin-like growth factor 1,fibroblast growth factor 2,and vascular endothelial growth factor,and inducing angiogenesis and collagen biosynthesis.Overall,the protective impacts of Zataria multiflora on different organs are mainly attributed to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.

Zataria multiflora and its constituent,carvacrol,counteract sepsis-induced aortic and cardiac toxicity in rat:Involvement of nitric oxide and oxidative stress

Background:Zataria multiflora and carvacrol showed various pharmacological prop-erties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.However,up to now no studies have explored its potential benefits in ameliorating sepsis-induced aortic and cardiac injury.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the effects of Z.multiflora and carvacrol on nitric oxide(NO)and oxidative stress indicators in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced aortic and cardiac injury.Methods:Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to:Control,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(1 mg/kg,intraperitoneal(i.p.)),and Z.multiflora hydro-ethanolic extract(ZME,50–200 mg/kg,oral)-and carvacrol(25–100 mg/kg,oral)-treated groups.LPS was in-jected daily for 14 days.Treatment with ZME and carvacrol started 3 days before LPS administration and treatment continued during LPS administration.At the end of the study,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),NO,thiols,and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated.Results:Our findings showed a significant reduction in the levels of superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and thiols in the LPS group,which were restored by ZME and carvacrol.Furthermore,ZME and carvacrol decreased MDA and NO in car-diac and aortic tissues of LPS-injected rats.Conclusions:The results suggest protective effects of ZME and carvacrol on LPS-induced cardiovascular injury via improved redox hemostasis and attenuated NO pro-duction.However,additional studies are needed to elucidate the effects of ZME and its constituents on inflammatory responses mediated by LPS.

Magnesium Enhances the Hepatorenal Protective Effects of Lippia multiflora Aqueous Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 diabetic rats. Method: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately orally Glucophage® (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant extract (LiMAE 200 - 600 mg/kg) and the plant extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200 - 600 mg/kg). After a daily treatment of 21 days, serum biochemical parameters were assayed in 16 hr-fasted rats. Results: Diabetes caused a significant (p Conclusion: The addition of magnesium to the extract of Lippia multiflora caused a greater reduction in the levels of urea, creatinine, ALT and AST increased in STZ-diabetic rats. Magnesium would therefore enhance the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Lippia multiflora in diabetic rats.

根癌农杆菌胁迫下多花蔷薇(Rosamultiflora‘Inermis4’)的基因表达分析

多花蔷薇无刺4号(Rosamultiflora‘Inermis4’)对根癌病有较强抗性。以根癌农杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)接种多花蔷薇无刺4号为目的材料,刺伤处理为对照,采用抑制差减杂交(suppressionsubtractivehybridization,SSH)方法,构建了富集多花蔷薇根癌病抗性相关基因的差减cDNA文库。差异筛选差减cDNA文库后,随机选取增强表达的92个克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA和病菌的基因片段,共得到53个单一序列。利用GenBank数据库进行核酸和蛋白质同源性比较,获得的cDNA片段功能涉及:细胞分裂、生长(22个克隆),逆境防御、信号转导及激素调节(11个克隆)以及初生与次生代谢(10个克隆)。另有10个基因片段功能未知,可能为新的EST。根据测序及比对分析结果,对多花蔷薇无刺4号抗根癌病的分子机理进行了探讨。

多花山竹子(Garcinia multiflora Champ)的繁殖研究

对多花山竹子枝条插穗基部采用不同的切制方法和不同的激素水平处理,种子分剥皮和不剥皮两组进行不同激素水平处理后进行播种。研究表明:多花山竹子的扦插繁殖在各种条件下均较难成活;而种子在人工剥皮后用BA(50μl/L)处理后的繁殖效果最好。

野蔷薇根总黄酮对类风湿关节炎模型大鼠血管损伤的改善作用及机制

目的研究野蔷薇根总黄酮对类风湿关节炎(RA)模型大鼠血管损伤的改善作用及其潜在机制。方法将雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阿司匹林组(阳性对照,30mg/kg)和野蔷薇根总黄酮低、高剂量组(4.15、8.30g/kg,以生药量计),每组10只。除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠采用胶原诱导+高脂饮食喂养建立RA模型。造模14 d后,各组大鼠灌胃相应药液/0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,每天1次,连续36d。定期评估大鼠的全身评分、关节炎指数和足爪肿胀数;末次给药后,检测大鼠血清中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)水平,观察大鼠胸主动脉血管组织病理学形态变化,检测胸主动脉血管组织中Toll样受体4(TLR4)蛋白表达水平和Janus激酶2(JAK2)、信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)蛋白磷酸化水平。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清中IL-6、ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平和胸主动脉血管组织中TLR4蛋白表达水平及JAK2、STAT3蛋白磷酸化水平均显著升高(P<0.01),胸主动脉血管组织可见动脉粥样斑块(粥瘤)、胆固醇结晶、淋巴细胞浸润及少量未破裂的泡沫细胞聚集。与模型组比较,在第28天时,野蔷薇根总黄酮各剂量组大鼠的全身评分(低剂量组除外)、关节炎指数和足爪肿胀数均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);在第49天时,野蔷薇根总黄酮低剂量组大鼠的全身评分、关节炎指数和足爪肿胀数均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);野蔷薇根总黄酮各剂量组大鼠血清和血管组织中其余定量指标均显著逆转(P<0.05或P<0.01),血管组织病理损伤明显减轻。结论野蔷薇根总黄酮可改善RA模型大鼠的血管损伤,其作用可能与降低血管组织中TLR4蛋白表达,抑制IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路活性有关。

部分蔷薇(Rosa multiflora)属植物的RAPD分析

蔷薇作为园林观赏植物,在中国城市绿化中应用较为广泛,但目前应用的蔷薇品种较为混杂,尚无系统研究。本研究采用RAPD技术对部分蔷薇属植物进行亲缘关系的分析,旨在进一步明确蔷薇种、品种,为引种育种以及材料选择提供参考。对蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种进行了RAPD分析,16个引物对供试蔷薇材料PCR扩增获得175条谱带,其中多态性条带151条(86.3%)表现出丰富的遗传多态性。且不同花色系蔷薇属植物间的遗传多态性不同,白色系75.16%,粉红色系73.46%,黄色系37.50%。利用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图,蔷薇属植物的2个种、1个变种、20个品种在阈值为0.667处被分划为两大类群,这两大类群间的遗传距离较近,黄蔷薇与黄刺枚单独被划分为一个类群,与上述两类群间的遗传距离较远。聚类结果显示出了蔷薇的演化趋势:白色、单瓣是蔷薇较为原始的一个性状,花径大、重瓣性高是现代蔷薇栽培品种的性状,而部分粉红色半重瓣蔷薇则是从野生种到现代栽培品种的中间过渡类型。

抗菌剂效果和 Zataria multiflora Boiss 的香精油的物理化学的性质

【正】Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial effect and physicochemical properties of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss.Methods:Antibacterial activity of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss was assessed by agar disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was tested by E test.Results:The essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss was effective on pathogenic bacteria particularly Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).The MIC values of the target cultures ranged from 0.39 mg/mL to 1.56 mg/mL.The physicochemical properties like effects of pH, temperature,detergents,and enzymes on the activity of essential oil from Zataria multiflora Boiss were also determined.The essential oil was quite stable to temperature as tested against 5. aureus and Escherichia coli(E.coli).The essential oil was very stable over a wide range of pH. The antibacterial activity of essential oil was insensitive to various protein-denaturing detergents (Such as Tween 80,Tween 20,Triton 100,etc.) and enzymes(namely proteinase K,trypsin, lipase,and lysosyme).Conclusions:A potential use of the essential oil from Zataria multiflora Boiss is suggested.More studies including further purification,mass spectra,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and evaluation of toxicity are needed for confirmation of this suggestion.

In vivoand in vitroanti-arthritic efficacy of a herbal formula consisting of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos

OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is the most common inflammatory autoimmune disease,affecting around 1% of the world population.Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signalling has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.It is a potential therapeutic target for RA treatment.A herbal formula(RL)consisting of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has traditionally been used in treating various inflammatory disorders.In this study,we would evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of RL on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)in rats and investigate the involvement of TLR4 signaling in the mode of action of RL in vivo and in vitro.METHODS In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy was evaluated using CIA rats induced by bovine typeⅡ collagen.The treatment groups were treated with various concentrations of RL or positive control indomethacin for 35 d.Clinical signs(hind paw volume and arthritis severity scores),changes in serum inflammatory mediators,histological and radiographic changes of joints were investigated.Spleens and peritoneal macrophages were used to determine the effects of RL on innate and adaptive immune responses in CIA rats.The involvement of TLR4 signalling pathways in the anti-arthritic effect of RL was examined in cartilage tissue of CIA rats,murine RAW264.7macrophages and human THP-1 monocytic cells.RESULTS The severity of arthritis in the CIA rats was significantly attenuated by RL.Histological score and radiographic score were efficiently improved by RL.RL could also dose-dependently inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum of CIA rats.RL significantly inhibited the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators,the expression and/or activity of the components of TLR4 signalling pathways in animal tissue and cell lines.CONCLUSION RL possesses anti-arthritic effect on collagen-induced arthritis in rats.The therapeutic effect of RL may be related to its inhibition on pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum.The inhibition of the TLR4/TAK1/NF-κB and TLR4/TAK1/MAPK pathways participate in the anti-arthritic effects of RL.This provides a pharmacological justification for the use of RL in the control of various arthritic diseases.Further investigation should be done to develop RL into a modern anti-arthritic agent.

Determination of the Minerals of the Herbal Tea and Tea Green from Lippia multiflora

This study aims to determine the mineral composition of green teas and herbal tea in the savannah tea plant. Samples of buds, young leaves and broadleaf stems were collected from wild plants of Lippia multiflora in three localities, including two from the Center (Yamoussoukro, Toumodi) and one from the northeast (Bondoukou) of C&#244;te d’Ivoire. The lipid and ash contents were carried out by the AOAC method. The total protein and sugar contents were determined by the Kjeldahl and Agbo methods, respectively. Nine minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, manganese, zinc, copper and cadmium) were quantitated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) from green teas (buds and young leaves) and herbal tea of Lippia multiflora. The results showed that ash levels (7.05% - 13.94%) and protein (6.22% - 9.97%) were high, however the lipid contents (1.01% - 2.98%) and total sugars (1.43% - 4.51%) are low. Majority of the minerals are calcium (2320.91 to 36150.10 mg/kg), potassium (2110.71 to 12174.67 mg/kg) and magnesium (3620.87 - 5870.46 mg/kg). Iron (52.55 to 483.11 mg/kg), sodium (35.66 to 469.16 mg/kg) and manganese (15.25 to 76.86 mg/kg) are represented in average proportions. There are small amounts of zinc (9.61 - 47.50 mg/kg), copper (5.66 - 8.71 mg/kg), and cadmium (0.17 - 1.49 mg/kg). Lippia multiflora herbal teas and green teas are low in fat, high in ash and are good sources of protein and minerals.

野蔷薇花瓣转录组分析

为了揭示野蔷薇(Rose multiflora Thunb.)花瓣开放过程中花瓣扩展相关基因的表达情况,试验以野蔷薇为材料,通过RNA-seq技术分析不同开放阶段的花瓣中差异基因的表达,为进一步深入研究野蔷薇花瓣转录水平上的发育调控提供依据。结果表明:转录组分析组装得到52865个单基因(Unigenes),通过对NR数据库的比对,功能注释匹配物种中,与野蔷薇匹配的物种前3位为野草莓(Fragaria vesca subsp.vesca)(36.17%)、粳稻(Oryza sativa Japonica)(13.65%)、棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)(4.04%)。对花瓣开放的3个比较组(FB_CP vs FB_GP,FB_YP vs FB_CP,OF_WP vs FB_YP)的差异基因比较,各阶段的差异基因分别为642、902、1899个。通过对不同开花阶段花瓣扩展相关基因表达分析,可能受EXP,XTH基因家族及细胞壁合成、修饰和水解相关基因XYL,CES的作用。

两种提取溶剂对蔷薇花挥发性化学成分的影响研究

为了研究正己烷和环己烷两种提取溶剂对蔷薇花挥发性化学成分的影响,采用超声波提取法提取蔷薇花挥发性化学成分,利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析挥发性化学成分及相对含量。分析结果表明,正己烷和环己烷提取剂分别鉴定出38、37种挥发性化合物,相对含量分别为97.66%、97.89%。挥发性化学成分中,烷烃类、酯类、羧酸类、醇类等4类化合物相对含量及数量均较高,烷烃类化合物相对含量最高,酯类化合物数量最多。其中,用正己烷作为提取溶剂得到的醛类、羧酸类、酮类等化合物相对含量较高,用环己烷作为提取溶剂得到的烷烃类、酯类、烯烃类、醇类等化合物相对含量较高,两种提取溶剂所得的化合物中仅烷烃类和羧酸类相对含量差别较大。研究结果可为采用有机提取剂深入研究和开发利用蔷薇花挥发性物质提供参考依据。

何首乌提取物二苯乙烯苷对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织SUR2B亚型K_(ATP)通道干预作用的研究

目的:观察何首乌提取物二苯乙烯苷(TSG)对DN(糖尿病肾病)大鼠肾组织SUR2B亚型K_(ATP)通道的调节作用,探讨TSG延缓DN大鼠肾小球滤过率下降的机理。方法:实验分为正常组,模型组,TSG组;高糖高脂喂养8周后尾静脉注射STZ(30 mg/kg)造模;TSG组予TSG(30 mg/kg)腹腔注射,正常组、模型组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,实验观察共20周。检测各组大鼠UALB/UCr、SCr;免疫组织化学染色方法测定大鼠肾组织vWF(血管性血友病因子)的表达;Real-Time PCR法测定SUR2B/Kir6.1mRNA表达变化。结果:正常组比较,DN组大鼠UALB/UCr、SCr升高(P<0.05),肾组织vWF表达增强,SUR2B/Kir6.1mRNA表达减少;TSG组较DN组UALB/UCr、SCr降低(P<0.05),肾组织vWF表达减弱(P<0.05),SUR2B/Kir6.1mRNA表达增加(P<0.05)。结论:何首乌提取物TSG延缓DN大鼠肾功能下降,可能与其调节肾脏SUR2B/Kir6.1亚型K_(ATP)通道,减轻氧化应激对肾脏血管内皮损伤有关。

朱砂七化学成分及其体外细胞毒性、抗病毒活性研究

目的研究朱砂七Fallopia multiflora var.ciliinervis(Nakai)Yonekura&H.Ohashi化学成分及其体外细胞毒性、抗病毒活性。方法朱砂七75%乙醇提取物采用硅胶柱层析、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。采用MTT法测定体外细胞毒活性,CCK-8法测定体外抗病毒活性。结果从中分离得到20个化合物,分别鉴定为3-acetyl-4,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid(1)、没食子酸甲酯(2)、没食子酸(3)、对羟基苯甲醛(4)、原儿茶酸(5)、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(6)、丁香酸(7)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(8)、p-hydroxyphenethyl-O-β-D-glucoside(9)、2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-β-D-glucoside(10)、反式-白藜芦醇(11)、顺式-白藜芦醇(12)、白藜芦醇-3-O-β-D-(2′-O-反式-肉桂酰基)-葡萄糖苷(13)、白藜芦醇-3-O-β-D-(2′-O-顺式-肉桂酰基)-葡萄糖苷(14)、白藜芦醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)、N-反式阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺(16)、poke-weed cerebroside(17)、何首乌乙素(18)、9,10,13-三羟基十八烷酸(19)、正丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(20)。化合物11对HCT116、SW620细胞的IC 50值分别为(30.87±2.7)、(56.11±0.49)μmol/L,化合物12对EV-A71病毒的抑制率为50.21%。结论化合物1为新天然产物,化合物9~10为首次从蓼科植物中分离得到,化合物8、12、14、17、19为首次从何首乌属植物中分离得到,化合物2、4~7、11、18为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物11具有细胞毒性,化合物12具有抗病毒活性。

何首乌对高血脂小鼠的降脂作用及转录组学研究

研究何首乌对高血脂小鼠血清的影响,并探讨何首乌治疗高血脂症小鼠肝脏的转录组变化。60只昆明小鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、高血脂模型组和高、中及低浓度何首乌提取液组。除正常对照组外,其他4组采用高脂饲料喂养,诱导建立高血脂模型。8周后高、中及低浓度何首乌提取液组分别采用1.0 g/mL、0.6 g/mL和0.3 g/mL腹腔注射(0.1 mL/10 g)。正常对照组,高血脂模型组腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,每天给药1次,持续60 d。摘眼球取血,ELISA法检测血清TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平。采用RNAseq测序方法检测小鼠肝组织基因转录水平。生物信息学方法分析各组样本间差异表达基因,并通过实时荧光定量PCR验证部分基因的表达。与模型对照组相比,何首乌提取液高浓度组TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著降低,而HDL-C水平明显升高(P<0.05)。转录组测序共检测到787个显著差异表达的基因,其中上调基因260个,下调基因527个。GO分析表明,差异表达基因富含了532种细胞组分类别,参与了933个分子功能和2869个生物过程。KEGG富集通路分析表明,何首乌降脂过程参与多条脂质代谢通路,如脂肪酸代谢、亚油酸代谢和花生四烯酸代谢等。转录因子分析共发现67个具有显著差异的转录因子。高浓度何首乌提取液对高血脂模型小鼠有明显的降脂作用,其降脂作用可能是通过调控脂质代谢相关基因表达实现的。

月季、蔷薇和玫瑰叶绿体基因组的比较

月季、蔷薇和玫瑰是隶属于蔷薇科蔷薇属的姊妹树种,由于长时间的杂交和人工栽培,三者的形态很难区分,急需开发一套分子标记对三者进行鉴定。据此,本研究获取了月季、蔷薇和玫瑰的叶绿体基因组序列,对其基因组序列的特点、简单重复序列(SSR)分子标记、核苷酸多态性及月季、蔷薇和玫瑰在蔷薇属内的系统发育关系进行了分析。结果表明:月季、蔷薇和玫瑰的叶绿体基因组全长分别为156591、156592、157110 bp,均具有非常典型的四分体结构;月季、蔷薇和玫瑰叶绿体基因组分别含有131、137、136个基因,总GC含量均为37.00%;月季、蔷薇和玫瑰叶绿体基因组的结构高度相似,共线性关系良好,蛋白编码区域保守度与相似度最高;在月季、蔷薇和玫瑰的叶绿体基因组中分别鉴定出57、59、46个SSR,且绝大多数是单核苷酸重复序列;以筛选到的matK基因作为分子标记构建的系统发育树显示,蔷薇科蔷薇属植物聚为一个单系类群,可以区分月季、蔷薇和玫瑰,且月季与蔷薇的亲缘关系最近。本研究结果可为后续蔷薇属植物的遗传多样性、遗传结构及系统发育研究提供参考。

多花筋骨草在郑州市园林景观中的应用效果初报

为增加郑州市园林地被植物的应用范围,在郑州市开展了多花筋骨草的引种栽培技术研究,结果表明:多花筋骨草在郑州地区可粗放管理,整体表现良好,是一种喜光又耐阴,耐寒、耐热性强,抗性强,繁殖速度快且人工繁殖成活率高的优秀多年生常绿地被植物,观赏效果良好,既可观花又可观叶且花期长,群开效果好,适宜在郑州市园林景观中大量应用。

多花蔷薇总RNA提取方法

根据总RNA完整性、纯度和得率筛选出适合多花蔷薇幼嫩根、叶总RNA的提取方法.结果表明,以CTAB/酸酚法提取的扦插苗根系总RNA、以LiCl-尿素法提取的扦插苗根、叶总RNA以及采用RNeasy Plant Mini Kit试剂盒的改进方法提取的组培苗嫩叶总RNA电泳有清晰明亮的28S、18S条带,无降解;其A260/A280值为1.73～2.04,表明总RNA质量好.RT-PCR结果进一步证实所提取的总RNA能够用于分子生物学的各种下游实验.RNA得率分别为:根系和组培苗嫩叶120-140μg/g(fw),扦插苗嫩叶190-230μg/g(fw).CTAB/酸酚法提取的嫩叶总RNA、SDS/酸酚法提取的根、叶总RNA有多糖污染,且有明显降解.Total RNA isolation system(Z5111,Promega)试剂盒不适合提取多花蔷薇各组织总RNA.

多花蔷薇假珠芽诱导、体细胞胚发生及植株高效再生

以多花蔷薇‘无刺3号’成熟种子为外植体,探讨了假珠芽诱导、体细胞胚发生及植株高效再生的方法。结果表明,种子的子叶在添加2,4-D0.5-2mg·L^-1的1/2MS培养基上暗培养30d后所产生的愈伤组织,接种到添加TDZ5-20mg·L^-1的1/2MS培养基上光培养20d产生初级假珠芽。假珠芽在添加TDZ10mg·L^-1和GA30.1mg·L^-1的诱导培养基上暗培养20d后,在含麦芽糖的无植物生长调节剂的培养基上光培养产生少量次级假珠芽和胚性愈伤组织。假珠芽保存在诱导培养基上。胚性愈伤组织可发育成大量正常体细胞胚,继而再生正常植物。假珠芽可通过上述方法不断诱导体细胞胚和假珠芽,通过这种方法假珠芽已经保存了2年。