Purpose:To test the feasibility of recording rod multifocal electroretinograms (ERG) in humans and observe appropriate recording conditions.Methods: Multifocal rod ERG were recorded using a stimulus array of 61 equals...Purpose:To test the feasibility of recording rod multifocal electroretinograms (ERG) in humans and observe appropriate recording conditions.Methods: Multifocal rod ERG were recorded using a stimulus array of 61 equalsized hexagons in two normal subjects after the dark adaptation. Flashes were blue (W47B). Blank frames between two successive flashes of hexagons varied from 0 to 14. Length of the m-sequence, bandwidth, flash frequency, flash intensities and background intensities were changed to obtain appropriate recording conditions for the clinical use.Results:Multifocal rod ERG were clearly recordable and well formed. They had an early implicit time, very small negative wave and a late implicit time, large positive wave. The positive wave was bimodal, whose timing and waveform were similar to the full-field rod ERG. The local response amplitudes can be suppressed with increase in flash frequency or background intensity, decrease in flash intensity or the size of stimulus elements.Conclusions: Multifocal rod ERG can be recorded in human and can provide topographical maps of retinal function that have clinical usage. 212-1 m-sequence length, 3F blank frames and 3～ 300 Hz bandwidth were suggested to appropriate recording conditions.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the changes of retinal function in non-pathological myopic subjects using multifocal electroretinography （mfERG） and to correlate the data with the central macular thickness obtained using optic...AIM： To investigate the changes of retinal function in non-pathological myopic subjects using multifocal electroretinography （mfERG） and to correlate the data with the central macular thickness obtained using optical coherence tomography （OCT）. ~ METHODS： One hundred and thirteen subjects （113 eyes） with age range from 18 to 35y were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into four groups according to spherical equivalent （SE） and axial length （AL）： emmetropia group （EG, n=31; SE： ＋0.75 to -0.50 D; AL： 22 to 24 mm）, low and medium myopia group （LMMG, n=26; SE： 〉-0.50 to -6.00 D; AL： 〉24 to 26 ram）, high myopia group （HMG, n--34; SE： 〉-6.00 to -10.00 D; AL： 〉26 to 28 mm） and super high myopia group （SHMG, n =22; SE： 〉-10.00 D; AL： 〉28 mm）. The P1 amplitude density, P1 amplitude, and P1 implicit time of the first- order kernel mfERG responses were obtained and grouped into five rings. The central subfield macular thickness （CST） was obtained using macular cube 512x218 scan of Cirrus HD-OCT. RESULTS： With the increasing of eccentricity, the first positive peak （P1） amplitude density （P=0.0000, 0.0001, 0.0021 in ring 1-3 respectively） and P1 amplitude （all P= 0.0000 in ring 1-5） of each group decreased. With the increasing of myopia, P1 implicit time gradually extended （all P=0.0000 in ring 1-3）. The average CST in four diagnostic groups was 241.56±12.72um, 244.56±12.19um, 254.33±11.61um, 261.75±11.83um respectively. With the increasing of myopia, CST increased （P〈0.001）. There was negative relationship between CST and P1 amplitude, P1 amplitude density （r =-0.402, P〈0.001; r= -0.261, P =0.003）. There was positive relationship between CST and P1 implicit time （r=0.34, P〈0.001）.~ CONCLUSION： With the increasing of myopia, P1 amplitude density and P1 amplitude of the first-order reaction gradually reduced. This showed potential decline in retinal function in myopia. To some extent it may reflect the functional disorder or depression of the visual cells, The exact mechanism needs further study,展开更多
AIM: To observe the effect on multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in persistently elevated intraocular pressure (TOP) by erigeron breviscapus extract (also named Dengzhanhua in Chinese) in rat models. METHODS: The ra...AIM: To observe the effect on multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in persistently elevated intraocular pressure (TOP) by erigeron breviscapus extract (also named Dengzhanhua in Chinese) in rat models. METHODS: The rat models with persistently elevated TOP were established by the method of Akira. Then, erigeron breviscapus extract was given for one month to observe the effect on mfERG in persistently elevated TOP in rats. RESULTS: As elevated TOP went on, the mfERG changes were mainly in weaken of reaction density with progressive development. After intervention of erigeron breviscapus extract, the total peak latency of 131 wave had recovered to some extent and the difference was significant when compared with control group (P <0.05); the total response density and P1 wave response density in second circle had risen noticeably, which had significant differences than those of control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Erigeron breviscapus extract can improve the impaired visual function of persistently elevated TOP in rats, suggesting that this extract is the effective part of erigeron breviscapus for optic neuroprotection.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration（AMD）using multifocal electroretinogram（mf-ERG）and fundus autofluorescence imaging.METH...AIM：To evaluate the role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration（AMD）using multifocal electroretinogram（mf-ERG）and fundus autofluorescence imaging.METHODS：Thirty patients（60 eyes）with bilateral central geographic atrophy（GA）were recruited.Worse eye of each patient received autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells（BM-HSCs）（group 1）and the fellow eye with better visual acuity served as control（group2）.The effect of stem cell therapy was determined in terms of visual acuity,amplitude and implicit time in mf-ERG and size of GA on fundus autofluorescence imaging.These tests were performed at presentation and first,third and sixth month follow up.Adverse events（if any）were also monitored.RESULTS：At 6mo follow-up there was no statistically significant improvement in median log MAR best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）in either group.Mf-ERG revealed significant improvement in amplitude and implicit time in the intervention group.A significant decrease was also noted in greatest linear dimension（GLD）of GA in the eyes receiving stem cells[6.78±2.60 mm at baseline to 6.56±2.59 mm at 6mo（P=0.021）].However,no such improvement was noted in the control group.CONCLUSION：Electrophysiological and anatomical improvement in the intervention group sheds light on the therapeutic role of BM-HSCs.Further studies are required to determine the stage of disease at which the maximal benefit can be achieved and to standardize the dose andfrequency of stem cell injection.展开更多
Selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions was reported in carp retina. Using 10 μmol/L Co2+ , rod-driven horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and light responses were completely suppressed in su...Selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions was reported in carp retina. Using 10 μmol/L Co2+ , rod-driven horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and light responses were completely suppressed in super-fused, isolated retina, while cone-driven horizontal cells were almost unaffected. Similarly, scotopic electroretino-graphic b-wave was suppressed by 10 μmol/L Co2+ , while the photopic b-wave remained unaffected. Furthermore, the glutamate-isolated receptor potential (PIII) was not altered by low Co2+ under dark-adapted conditions. Other di-valent ions with high affinity to calcium channels, such as cadmium and manganese ions, did not show similar suppres-sive effect on the rod horizontal cells. When rod horizontal cells were hyperpolarized by 10 μmol/L Co2+ , the use of 3 mmol/L glutamate caused a significant depolarization of the cells, indicating that Co2+ application did not impair the ability of these cells to respond to glutamate. On the other hand, application of 200 μmol/L ?展开更多
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on electroretinograms and light responses of horizontal cells intra-cellularly recorded from isolated, superfused carp retinas were studied. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, su...The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on electroretinograms and light responses of horizontal cells intra-cellularly recorded from isolated, superfused carp retinas were studied. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, suppressed scotopic b wave, while enhancing photopic b wave, and the effects could be blocked by hemoglobin, an NO chelator. Furthermore, following SNP application, light responses of rod horizontal cells were reduced in size and those of cone horizontal cells were increased. These results suggest that NO suppresses the activity of rod pathway, but enhances that of cone pathway in the outer retina. Moreover, the effects of methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, on rod and cone horizontal cells were just opposite to those of SNP, implying that the effects of NO may be mediated by cGMP.展开更多
Background and Aim: Ocular albinism is known to have nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia. A study was done to evaluate the correlation of visual acuity with macular thickness (MT) and mf ERG. Materials and Methods: A tota...Background and Aim: Ocular albinism is known to have nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia. A study was done to evaluate the correlation of visual acuity with macular thickness (MT) and mf ERG. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 eyes (10 patients) with OCA were selected. Macular thickness was evaluated with optical coherence tomography and mf ERG was done in all the patients. Results: Mean age was 16.1 ± 7.3 years. The patients were divided into three groups based on their visual acuity > 6/12 (group A), 6/18 - 6/24 (group B), 6/36 or less (group C). Mean MT in patients with visual acuity in group A, B and C was 194.8 ± 26.7, 220 ± 12.3 and 243.5 ± 17.3 microns respectively. The amplitudes of first positive wave (P1) and first negative wave (N1) for the central ring in mf ERG in patients of group A, B and C was 1.1 ± 0.5 (P1), 0.7 ± 0.2 (N1), 0.6 ± 0.5 (P1), 0.3 ± 0.2 (N1), 0.7 ± 0.2 (P1), 0.3 ± 0.1 (N1) microvolts respectively. The vision correlated well with the macular thickness. The mf ERG potentials (P1 and N1) do not correlate with the visual acuity. Conclusion: We believe that the visual acuity in albinotic patients is affected by the macular thickness but the electric potentials do not depend on the visual acuity.展开更多
Objective To observe the changes on multifocal electroretinography (MfERG) in the fellow eyes of patients with high myopia without fundus lesions and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods MfERG was performed...Objective To observe the changes on multifocal electroretinography (MfERG) in the fellow eyes of patients with high myopia without fundus lesions and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods MfERG was performed in 66 patients (66 eyes) which were grouped into: emmetropes (n=22) as the control eye; high myopes without fundus lesions (corrected visual acuity ≥1.0, n=15); and fellow eyes of high myopics with RRD (n=29). The first-order kernels N1, P1, N2 response density and latency were analyzed.Results When compared with the emmetropes group, the high myopes group had significantly reduced N1, P1, and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 (P<0.05), delayed N1 wave latency in rings 3 to 6, and P1 wave latency in rings 3 to 5 (P<0.05). The fellow eyes group had significantly reduced N1, P1, and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 and significantly delayed N1 and P1 wave latencies in rings 3 to 6 (P<0.05) compared with the emmetropes group. Compared with the high myopes group, P1 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6, N1 wave response densities in rings 1, 3, 4, and 6, and N2 wave response density in ring 1 were significantly decreased in the fellow eyes group (P<0.05); whereas there were no significant differences in latencies between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion MfERG can sensitively assess the early changes in visual function in fellow eyes in patients with RRD.展开更多
文摘Purpose:To test the feasibility of recording rod multifocal electroretinograms (ERG) in humans and observe appropriate recording conditions.Methods: Multifocal rod ERG were recorded using a stimulus array of 61 equalsized hexagons in two normal subjects after the dark adaptation. Flashes were blue (W47B). Blank frames between two successive flashes of hexagons varied from 0 to 14. Length of the m-sequence, bandwidth, flash frequency, flash intensities and background intensities were changed to obtain appropriate recording conditions for the clinical use.Results:Multifocal rod ERG were clearly recordable and well formed. They had an early implicit time, very small negative wave and a late implicit time, large positive wave. The positive wave was bimodal, whose timing and waveform were similar to the full-field rod ERG. The local response amplitudes can be suppressed with increase in flash frequency or background intensity, decrease in flash intensity or the size of stimulus elements.Conclusions: Multifocal rod ERG can be recorded in human and can provide topographical maps of retinal function that have clinical usage. 212-1 m-sequence length, 3F blank frames and 3～ 300 Hz bandwidth were suggested to appropriate recording conditions.
文摘AIM： To investigate the changes of retinal function in non-pathological myopic subjects using multifocal electroretinography （mfERG） and to correlate the data with the central macular thickness obtained using optical coherence tomography （OCT）. ~ METHODS： One hundred and thirteen subjects （113 eyes） with age range from 18 to 35y were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into four groups according to spherical equivalent （SE） and axial length （AL）： emmetropia group （EG, n=31; SE： ＋0.75 to -0.50 D; AL： 22 to 24 mm）, low and medium myopia group （LMMG, n=26; SE： 〉-0.50 to -6.00 D; AL： 〉24 to 26 ram）, high myopia group （HMG, n--34; SE： 〉-6.00 to -10.00 D; AL： 〉26 to 28 mm） and super high myopia group （SHMG, n =22; SE： 〉-10.00 D; AL： 〉28 mm）. The P1 amplitude density, P1 amplitude, and P1 implicit time of the first- order kernel mfERG responses were obtained and grouped into five rings. The central subfield macular thickness （CST） was obtained using macular cube 512x218 scan of Cirrus HD-OCT. RESULTS： With the increasing of eccentricity, the first positive peak （P1） amplitude density （P=0.0000, 0.0001, 0.0021 in ring 1-3 respectively） and P1 amplitude （all P= 0.0000 in ring 1-5） of each group decreased. With the increasing of myopia, P1 implicit time gradually extended （all P=0.0000 in ring 1-3）. The average CST in four diagnostic groups was 241.56±12.72um, 244.56±12.19um, 254.33±11.61um, 261.75±11.83um respectively. With the increasing of myopia, CST increased （P〈0.001）. There was negative relationship between CST and P1 amplitude, P1 amplitude density （r =-0.402, P〈0.001; r= -0.261, P =0.003）. There was positive relationship between CST and P1 implicit time （r=0.34, P〈0.001）.~ CONCLUSION： With the increasing of myopia, P1 amplitude density and P1 amplitude of the first-order reaction gradually reduced. This showed potential decline in retinal function in myopia. To some extent it may reflect the functional disorder or depression of the visual cells, The exact mechanism needs further study,
基金National Major Science-Technology Project of Science and Technology Ministry-Major New Medicine Innovation(No. 2009ZX09103-369)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30171172)Key Project of Education Department of Sichuan Province, China (No.08ZA118)
文摘AIM: To observe the effect on multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in persistently elevated intraocular pressure (TOP) by erigeron breviscapus extract (also named Dengzhanhua in Chinese) in rat models. METHODS: The rat models with persistently elevated TOP were established by the method of Akira. Then, erigeron breviscapus extract was given for one month to observe the effect on mfERG in persistently elevated TOP in rats. RESULTS: As elevated TOP went on, the mfERG changes were mainly in weaken of reaction density with progressive development. After intervention of erigeron breviscapus extract, the total peak latency of 131 wave had recovered to some extent and the difference was significant when compared with control group (P <0.05); the total response density and P1 wave response density in second circle had risen noticeably, which had significant differences than those of control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Erigeron breviscapus extract can improve the impaired visual function of persistently elevated TOP in rats, suggesting that this extract is the effective part of erigeron breviscapus for optic neuroprotection.
文摘AIM：To evaluate the role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration（AMD）using multifocal electroretinogram（mf-ERG）and fundus autofluorescence imaging.METHODS：Thirty patients（60 eyes）with bilateral central geographic atrophy（GA）were recruited.Worse eye of each patient received autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells（BM-HSCs）（group 1）and the fellow eye with better visual acuity served as control（group2）.The effect of stem cell therapy was determined in terms of visual acuity,amplitude and implicit time in mf-ERG and size of GA on fundus autofluorescence imaging.These tests were performed at presentation and first,third and sixth month follow up.Adverse events（if any）were also monitored.RESULTS：At 6mo follow-up there was no statistically significant improvement in median log MAR best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）in either group.Mf-ERG revealed significant improvement in amplitude and implicit time in the intervention group.A significant decrease was also noted in greatest linear dimension（GLD）of GA in the eyes receiving stem cells[6.78±2.60 mm at baseline to 6.56±2.59 mm at 6mo（P=0.021）].However,no such improvement was noted in the control group.CONCLUSION：Electrophysiological and anatomical improvement in the intervention group sheds light on the therapeutic role of BM-HSCs.Further studies are required to determine the stage of disease at which the maximal benefit can be achieved and to standardize the dose andfrequency of stem cell injection.
基金Project supported by the State Commission of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金the National Eye Institutethe Human Frontier Science Program.
文摘Selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions was reported in carp retina. Using 10 μmol/L Co2+ , rod-driven horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and light responses were completely suppressed in super-fused, isolated retina, while cone-driven horizontal cells were almost unaffected. Similarly, scotopic electroretino-graphic b-wave was suppressed by 10 μmol/L Co2+ , while the photopic b-wave remained unaffected. Furthermore, the glutamate-isolated receptor potential (PIII) was not altered by low Co2+ under dark-adapted conditions. Other di-valent ions with high affinity to calcium channels, such as cadmium and manganese ions, did not show similar suppres-sive effect on the rod horizontal cells. When rod horizontal cells were hyperpolarized by 10 μmol/L Co2+ , the use of 3 mmol/L glutamate caused a significant depolarization of the cells, indicating that Co2+ application did not impair the ability of these cells to respond to glutamate. On the other hand, application of 200 μmol/L ?
基金Project supported by the "Climbing Project" of the State Commission of Science and Technology (China) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on electroretinograms and light responses of horizontal cells intra-cellularly recorded from isolated, superfused carp retinas were studied. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, suppressed scotopic b wave, while enhancing photopic b wave, and the effects could be blocked by hemoglobin, an NO chelator. Furthermore, following SNP application, light responses of rod horizontal cells were reduced in size and those of cone horizontal cells were increased. These results suggest that NO suppresses the activity of rod pathway, but enhances that of cone pathway in the outer retina. Moreover, the effects of methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, on rod and cone horizontal cells were just opposite to those of SNP, implying that the effects of NO may be mediated by cGMP.
文摘Background and Aim: Ocular albinism is known to have nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia. A study was done to evaluate the correlation of visual acuity with macular thickness (MT) and mf ERG. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 eyes (10 patients) with OCA were selected. Macular thickness was evaluated with optical coherence tomography and mf ERG was done in all the patients. Results: Mean age was 16.1 ± 7.3 years. The patients were divided into three groups based on their visual acuity > 6/12 (group A), 6/18 - 6/24 (group B), 6/36 or less (group C). Mean MT in patients with visual acuity in group A, B and C was 194.8 ± 26.7, 220 ± 12.3 and 243.5 ± 17.3 microns respectively. The amplitudes of first positive wave (P1) and first negative wave (N1) for the central ring in mf ERG in patients of group A, B and C was 1.1 ± 0.5 (P1), 0.7 ± 0.2 (N1), 0.6 ± 0.5 (P1), 0.3 ± 0.2 (N1), 0.7 ± 0.2 (P1), 0.3 ± 0.1 (N1) microvolts respectively. The vision correlated well with the macular thickness. The mf ERG potentials (P1 and N1) do not correlate with the visual acuity. Conclusion: We believe that the visual acuity in albinotic patients is affected by the macular thickness but the electric potentials do not depend on the visual acuity.
文摘Objective To observe the changes on multifocal electroretinography (MfERG) in the fellow eyes of patients with high myopia without fundus lesions and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods MfERG was performed in 66 patients (66 eyes) which were grouped into: emmetropes (n=22) as the control eye; high myopes without fundus lesions (corrected visual acuity ≥1.0, n=15); and fellow eyes of high myopics with RRD (n=29). The first-order kernels N1, P1, N2 response density and latency were analyzed.Results When compared with the emmetropes group, the high myopes group had significantly reduced N1, P1, and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 (P<0.05), delayed N1 wave latency in rings 3 to 6, and P1 wave latency in rings 3 to 5 (P<0.05). The fellow eyes group had significantly reduced N1, P1, and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 and significantly delayed N1 and P1 wave latencies in rings 3 to 6 (P<0.05) compared with the emmetropes group. Compared with the high myopes group, P1 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6, N1 wave response densities in rings 1, 3, 4, and 6, and N2 wave response density in ring 1 were significantly decreased in the fellow eyes group (P<0.05); whereas there were no significant differences in latencies between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion MfERG can sensitively assess the early changes in visual function in fellow eyes in patients with RRD.
