Tapered Multimode Interference Combiners for Coherent Receivers

A new tapered multimode interference （MMl）-based coherent lightwave combiner is reported. A comprehensive theoretical analysis of mode behaviors in the tapered MMI waveguide is presented, and the output characteristics of the tapered MMI combiners with various structures are demonstrated. The combiner is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator （SO1） substrate. Due to its advantages of having no end-facet reflection,easy extension to a multi-port configuration, high tolerance for fabrication errors, and compact size, the tapered MMI is a good candidate for a coherent lightwave combiner to be used in large-scale photonic integrated circuits.

An Efficient MMI SOI Splitter with Multimode Input/Output Waveguides

A 1×8 multimode interference power splitter with multimode input/output waveguides in SOI material is designed by the beam propagation method and fabricated by the inductive coupled plasma etching technology for use in fiber optics communication systems.The fabricated device exhibits low loss and good coupling uniformity.The excess loss is lower than 0 8dB,and the uniformity is 0 45dB at the wavelength of 1550nm.Moreover,the polarization dependent loss is lower than 0 7dB at 1550nm.The device size is only 2mm×10mm.

Semi-vectorial analysis of a compact wavelength demultiplexer based on the tapered multimode interference coupler

Based on a parabolically tapered multimode interference （MMI） coupler with a deep-etched SiO2/SiON rib waveguide, a compact wavelength demultiplexer operating at 1.30 and 1.55 μm wavelengths is proposed and analysed by using three-dimensional semi-vectorial finite-difference beam propagation method （3D-SV-FD-BPM）. The results show that a MMI section of 330.0 μm in length, which is only 76% length of a straight MMI coupler, is achieved with the contrasts of 42.3 and 39.2dB in quasi-TE mode, and 38.4 and 37.8dB in quasi-TM mode at wavelengths 1.30 and 1.55μm, respectively, and the insertion losses below 0.2dB at both wavelengths and in both polarization states, The alternating direction implicit algorithm with the Crank-Nicholson scheme is applied to the discretization of the 3D-SV-FD-BPM formulation along the longitudinal direction. Moreover, a modified FD scheme is constructed to approximate the resulting equations along the transverse directions, in which the discontinuities of the derivatives of magnetic field components Hy and Hx along the vertical and horizontal interfaces, respectively, are involved.

Two-Mode Converters at 1.3μm Based on Multimode Interference Couplers on InP Substrates

Two-mode converters at 1.3μm, aiming at applications in mode-division multiplexing in Ethernet systems, are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Based on multimode interference couplers, the two-mode converters with 50% and 66% mode conversion efficiencies are designed and fabricated on InP substrates. AIode conver- sion from the fundamental mode （TEo） to the first order mode （TE1） is successfully demonstrated within the wavelength range of 1280-1320nm. The 1.3-μm mode converters should be important devices in mode-division multiplexing systems in Ethernet systems.

Unitary transformation of general nonoverlapping-image multimode interference couplers with any input and output ports

An explanation of optical unitary transformation is presented for general nonoverlapping-image multimode interference(MMI)couplers with any number of input and output ports.The light transformation in the MMI coupler can be considered as an optical field matrix acting on an input light column vector.We investigate the general phase principle of output light image.The complete proof of nonoverlapping-image MMI coupler’s optical unitarity along with the phase analysis of matrix element is provided.Based on a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain(2 D-FDTD)simulation,the unitary transformation is obtained for a 4×4 nonoverlapping-image MMI coupler within a deviation of 4×10-2 for orthogonal invariance and 8×10-2 for transvection invariance in the C-band spectral range.A compact 1×4 splitter based on cascaded MMI coupler is proposed,showing a phase deviation less than 5.4°while maintaining a low-loss performance in C-band spectra.

Research Progress on Multimode Interference Switches

Optical switches are key components for constructing optical communication networks, so it is necessary to design optical switches and optical switch arrays with high performance and low cost. As one type of optical switches, the multimode interference（MMl） switches have received considerable attention due to their unique merits. The structures and operation principles of various types of MMI switches are introduced, and the recent progresses of MMI switches are also discussed.

All-fiber erbium-doped dissipative soliton laser with multimode interference based on saturable-reserve saturable hybrid optical switch

Reverse saturable absorption is essential for the realization of dissipative solitons.In this paper,we introduce reverse saturable absorption by using nonlinear multimode interference(NL-MMI),for the first time,to the best of our knowledge,and obtain a stable dissipative soliton operation.By adjusting the coupling efficiency from multimode fiber to single mode fiber,the absorption properties of NL-MMI can be switched between saturation and reverse saturation.The dissipative soliton can be obtained with pulse width of 975 fs in the experiment,the 3-dB bandwidth at 1555 nm is 16 nm,and the maximum output power is 11.48 m W.The nonlinear absorption optical modulation and high damage threshold characteristics of the NL-MMI based ultrafast optical switch provide a new idea for realizing dissipative solitons.

Temperature Dependence of Characteristics for Multimode Interference Based 3-dB Coupler in SOI

The temperature dependence of characteristics for multimode interference(MMI) based 3-dB coupler in silicon-on-insulator is analyzed, which originates from the relatively high thermo-optic coefficient of silicon. For restricted interference 3-dB MMI coupler, the output power uniformity is ideally 0 at room temperature and becomes 0.32 dB when temperature rises up to 550 K.For symmetric interference 3-dB MMI coupler, the power uniformity keeps ideally 0 due to its intrinsic symmetric interference mechanism. With the temperature rising, the excess loss of the both devices increases. The performance deterioration due to temperature variety is more obvious to restricted interference MMI 3-dB coupler, comparing with that of symmetric interference MMI 3-dB coupler.

Silicon-Based Mode Converter and Demultiplexer for Wavelength Division Multiplexing Transmission by Using Multimode Interference Couplers

We present a mode converter and demultiplexer structure for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission by employing multimode interference (MMI) on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) platform. The mode converter and demultiplexer have a compact size of less than 2.7 μm × 43.7 μm. Moreover, the crosstalk between neighboring wavelength channel within C band (1530 nm to 1570 nm) can be reduced by utilizing the tapered phase shifter cascaded with MMI. The simulated results indicate that this structure has a low insertion loss of less than 1 dB, a low crosstalk of better than ?15 dB and a relatively high fabrication tolerance of ~10 nm. Such structure may find many potential applications in silicon photonic integrated devices.

单模-空芯-单模光纤微结构应变传感特性研究

设计了一种单模-空芯-单模光纤微结构应变传感器,利用光束传播法进行仿真分析,建立了波长-应变关系模型,并对其应变特性、温度特性进行实验研究。实验结果表明,在0~340με范围内的拉伸应变灵敏度和-340~0με范围内的压缩应变灵敏度分别高达-4.19和-4.26 pm/με,线性度分别为0.9971和0.9981;在20~70℃范围内的温度灵敏度为9.6 pm/℃,线性度达到0.9909。该传感器制作简单且具有较高的应变灵敏度,可以实现应变测量。

弱限制MMI型光功分器

本文采用导模数值计算法对MMI(多模干涉 )型光功分器SIE干涉区内的导模进行计算并对输出波导位置进行优化 ,证明在一定条件的弱限制下器件的插入损耗和输出均匀度均超过强限制的情况 ,说明MMI型光功分器的制作可以采用方便的湿法刻蚀 。

MMI阵列波导光栅复用/解复用器的研制

详细分析了基于自镜像效应的 MMI DMUX器件的基本工作原理 ,在此基础上 ,在 SOI材料上完成了对 8信道 MMI DMU X的具体设计 .该器件的输入、输出单模波导采用 Soref的大截面脊形光波导理论进行优化设计 ,最后获得了当输入、输出单模波导宽度为 5 μm,SIE多模波导宽度和长度分别为 72 μm和 6 313.4μm时 ,该器件对8信道波长的隔离度均在 35 d B以上 ,且理论传输损耗 <0 .18d B.

8-信道MMI阵列波导光栅复用/解复用器的研制(英文)

本文首先详细分析了基于自镜象效应的 MMI DMUX器件的基本工作原理 ,在此基础上 ,在 Ga As/Ga Al As系材料上完成了对 8信道 MMI DMUX的具体设计 .该器件的输入、输出单模波导和 SIE多模波导采用离散谱折射率法进行优化设计 ,最后获得了当输入、输出单模波导宽度为 3μm、SIE多模波导宽度和长度分别为 40 μm和 1 731 .45μm时 ,该器件对 8信道波长的隔离度为～ 2 6d B,理论传输损耗为～ 0 .2 4 d B.

Design and Fabrication of Ultracompact 3-dB MMI Coupler in Silicon-on-Insulator

An ultracompact 3 dB coupler is designed and fabricated in silicon on insulator,based on 1×2 line tapered multimode interference (MMI) coupler.Comparing with the conventional straight MMI coupler,the device is ～40% shorter in length.The device exhibits uniformity of 1 3dB and excess loss of 2 5dB.

用MMI实现的平顶型AWG的特性分析

引入归一化偏移和归一化间距,利用高斯近似得到阵列波导光栅(AWG)的频谱响应,从而分 析了展宽系数、品质因数、插损与归一化间距的关系。给出一个实例,取归一化间距为0.707,对应的展宽系数约为2,插入损耗IL约为2dB,并用光束传输方法(BPM)进行了验证。

渐变截面多模干涉器件中MMI区长度的计算

从渐变截面波导与强导近似的阶跃截面波导之间的区别入手 ,推导出了渐变截面MMI区长度的精确表达式 ,并对成像的振幅和相位关系进行了研究。结果表明 ,在相同MMI区宽度条件下 ,渐变截面器件中MMI区最短长度为阶跃截面的两倍 ,但它的设计灵活性却是阶跃截面器件所无法比拟的。

超紧凑型SOI基3×3 MMI波导光开关的优化设计

提出一种基于SOI材料的超紧凑型3×3 MMI波导光开关,开关仅有一个多模波导,且多模波导采用更为紧凑的双曲结构。用FD-BPM方法对其各个状态进行了模拟和分析,并对器件的结构参数进行了优化设计。结果表明,这种光开关可以成功实现任意两输入和输出通道间的开关功能,优化后的开关呈现优良的综合性能,且整个器件的尺寸小于4 mm。

MMI型GaAs 1×N和N×N集成光学开关的研制

设计了一种能直接与单模光纤阵列相耦合的多模干涉 (MMI)型光开关。给出了MMI型光开关各组成部分的工作原理 ,并用导模传输分析法 ,模拟了 1× 4MMI型光开关的四种不同的开关状态 ,在此基础上完成了 1× 4和 4× 4MMI型光开关的设计。最后根据所确定的器件结构参数 ,用有限差分光束传输法分析了器件结构参数对器件性能的影响。

基于人工智能的多模态雷达自适应抗干扰优化算法

多模态雷达系统容易受到外界环境干扰,如天气条件、电磁干扰等,而这些干扰可能会影响多模态雷达数据的准确性和稳定性。多模态雷达的抗干扰性能决定雷达的测量精度,因此,为提升多模态雷达的抗干扰能力,提出基于人工智能的多模态雷达自适应抗干扰优化算法。该算法以多模态雷达信号模型为基础,分析距离速度同步欺骗干扰、频谱弥散干扰原理,计算欺骗干扰时雷达接收的总回波信号。将计算的回波信号结果输入至人工智能的YOLOv5s深度学习模型中,通过模型的训练和映射处理,完成多模态雷达自适应抗干扰优化,实现雷达欺骗性信号干扰抑制。测试结果显示,该算法的干扰对消比结果在0.935以上,干扰输出功率结果在0.017以下,能够可靠完成多干扰和单一干扰两种干扰抑制,实现多模态雷达自适应抗干扰优化。

中红外量子级联激光器1×16锁相阵列设计

针对中红外波段单管量子级联激光器存在输出功率有限的问题,提出相干阵列通过光放大后合束提升激光器功率的方法,研究波长为4.6μm的1×16量子级联激光器锁相阵列的结构设计与优化。通过设计低传输损耗、高光限制因子的单模波导确定器件各层材料外延厚度;通过设计由100%反射率和50%反射率的布拉格反射镜组成的种子激光器实现4.6μm单波长激光输出;通过设计由1×2多模干涉耦合器(MMI)和弯曲波导组成的1×16分束器实现低损耗均匀分束并锁相;通过设计输出端口的Al_(2)O_(3)增透膜厚度并利用电注入放大的方式实现激光器阵列的大功率输出。最终确定波导上GaInAs层厚度为0.25μm,下GaInAs层厚度为0.1μm,上包层InP厚度为3μm,下包层InP厚度为1μm。当单模波导宽度为5μm时,波导损耗为0.055 dB·cm^(-1),光限制因子为0.733。100%反射镜刻蚀深度为0.2μm,周期为728 nm,占空比为0.5,周期数为1000;50%反射镜刻蚀深度为0.2μm,周期为727 nm,占空比为0.1,周期数为690;当阵列间距为35μm时,分束器尺寸为3080μm×605μm,损耗为0.254 dB,其中MMI尺寸为19μm×126μm;出射端口采用0.7μm的Al_(2)O_(3)增透膜,透射率达到0.975。最后比较了不同放大器阵列间距的温度与远场分布,相关研究结论可为量子级联激光器锁相阵列的研制提供设计参考。