As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency ...As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency propagation,network carrying capacity,its ability to work as industrial pillar,system applicability,and the compatibility of 5G-R with other systems.In line with China's GSM-R application practice and the application needs,the paper focuses on the study of key technologies such as model alignment of base station equipment,and optimization of 5G-R terminal and core network,identifying the priorities for the China's efforts to develop 5G-R and providing references for the research and application of related technologies.展开更多
The project success is critical to the business performance in the era of fierce competition and globalization.The basis for project success lies in the capabilities of managing risks effectively.Innovation has always...The project success is critical to the business performance in the era of fierce competition and globalization.The basis for project success lies in the capabilities of managing risks effectively.Innovation has always been considerably risky;however,managing Research and Development(R&D)project risks has become even more important given today’s tight schedules and limited resources.Risk management has to be an integral part of the development process.The purpose of this research is to develop a model to assess and estimate the risk exposure of an R&D project.A risk quantification model based on the Bayesian belief network is proposed,which is effective in capturing the interaction between various risk factors.The aim of this model is to empower the project managers to predict the failure risk probability of R&D projects.展开更多
The network analysis of a technological system combines the interindustry transactions with a matrix of sectoral innovative efforts as measured by R&D investment intensity.The matrixes of interindustry transaction...The network analysis of a technological system combines the interindustry transactions with a matrix of sectoral innovative efforts as measured by R&D investment intensity.The matrixes of interindustry transactions of R&D-embodied products(innovations)are weighted matrixes where the interindustry flows measure the intensity of the innovation diffusion.In the past,studies using this approach in innovation studies have transformed weighted matrixes into binary matrixes of zero and one element where the flows less than a selected threshold value were considered to be zero and the flows greater than the threshold value were counted as one.Such matrix transformation leads to the loss of a great deal of information.In the present study,using degree and clustering coefficients for both binary direct as well as weighted direct techno-economic networks of the manufacturing sector of the German economy,we show that the binary directed network analysis is incapable of refined ranking of interindustry innovation transactions.The total degree index based on the weighted network of the German techno-economic system assigns a unique ranking to each sector,and clustering coefficients show that at least 75%of sectors in the network of Germany have two links with the other industries.However,the same indices based on the binary network are incapable of such refined ranking.展开更多
R&D project-selection plays a very important role in R&D management.Whetar or not a R&D project is selected scientifieally will spell its success or failure.Aa a decision making R&D project-selection i...R&D project-selection plays a very important role in R&D management.Whetar or not a R&D project is selected scientifieally will spell its success or failure.Aa a decision making R&D project-selection is characttrized by multiple procedues,multiple conflicting and noncommensurate objectives,and these characteristics make a numer of traditional approaches invalid or inefficient.In this paper,information flow and feedforward neural network method in R&D project-selection are pmentedi Through theoretical analysis,illustrative examples and computational simulation,we show that the proposed approach is preferable to the traditonal ones in many aspects.展开更多
文摘As the railway sector intensifies its efforts in the technology research,system R&D and technology application of 5G-R,the paper conducts a preliminary study on its application frequency in terms of its frequency propagation,network carrying capacity,its ability to work as industrial pillar,system applicability,and the compatibility of 5G-R with other systems.In line with China's GSM-R application practice and the application needs,the paper focuses on the study of key technologies such as model alignment of base station equipment,and optimization of 5G-R terminal and core network,identifying the priorities for the China's efforts to develop 5G-R and providing references for the research and application of related technologies.
文摘As far as international venture capital is concerned, three sectors that deserve big injections of cash this year are energy, media and the Internet.
文摘The project success is critical to the business performance in the era of fierce competition and globalization.The basis for project success lies in the capabilities of managing risks effectively.Innovation has always been considerably risky;however,managing Research and Development(R&D)project risks has become even more important given today’s tight schedules and limited resources.Risk management has to be an integral part of the development process.The purpose of this research is to develop a model to assess and estimate the risk exposure of an R&D project.A risk quantification model based on the Bayesian belief network is proposed,which is effective in capturing the interaction between various risk factors.The aim of this model is to empower the project managers to predict the failure risk probability of R&D projects.
基金We thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper.
文摘The network analysis of a technological system combines the interindustry transactions with a matrix of sectoral innovative efforts as measured by R&D investment intensity.The matrixes of interindustry transactions of R&D-embodied products(innovations)are weighted matrixes where the interindustry flows measure the intensity of the innovation diffusion.In the past,studies using this approach in innovation studies have transformed weighted matrixes into binary matrixes of zero and one element where the flows less than a selected threshold value were considered to be zero and the flows greater than the threshold value were counted as one.Such matrix transformation leads to the loss of a great deal of information.In the present study,using degree and clustering coefficients for both binary direct as well as weighted direct techno-economic networks of the manufacturing sector of the German economy,we show that the binary directed network analysis is incapable of refined ranking of interindustry innovation transactions.The total degree index based on the weighted network of the German techno-economic system assigns a unique ranking to each sector,and clustering coefficients show that at least 75%of sectors in the network of Germany have two links with the other industries.However,the same indices based on the binary network are incapable of such refined ranking.
文摘R&D project-selection plays a very important role in R&D management.Whetar or not a R&D project is selected scientifieally will spell its success or failure.Aa a decision making R&D project-selection is characttrized by multiple procedues,multiple conflicting and noncommensurate objectives,and these characteristics make a numer of traditional approaches invalid or inefficient.In this paper,information flow and feedforward neural network method in R&D project-selection are pmentedi Through theoretical analysis,illustrative examples and computational simulation,we show that the proposed approach is preferable to the traditonal ones in many aspects.
