Multiple regression analysis of risk factors related to radiation pneumonitis

BACKGROUND Radiation pneumonitis(RP)is a severe complication of thoracic radiotherapy that may lead to dyspnea and lung fibrosis,and negatively affects patients’quality of life.AIM To carry out multiple regression analysis on the influencing factors of radiation pneumonitis.METHODS Records of 234 patients receiving chest radiotherapy in Huzhou Central Hospital(Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,China)from January 2018 to February 2021,and the patients were divided into either a study group or a control group based on the presence of radiation pneumonitis or not.Among them,93 patients with radiation pneumonitis were included in the study group and 141 without radiation pneumonitis were included in the control group.General characteristics,and radiation and imaging examination data of the two groups were collected and compared.Due to the statistical significance observed,multiple regression analysis was performed on age,tumor type,chemotherapy history,forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),carbon monoxide diffusion volume(DLCO),FEV1/FVC ratio,planned target area(PTV),mean lung dose(MLD),total number of radiation fields,percentage of lung tissue in total lung volume(vdose),probability of normal tissue complications(NTCP),and other factors.RESULTS The proportions of patients aged≥60 years and those with the diagnosis of lung cancer and a history of chemotherapy in the study group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);FEV1,DLCO,and FEV1/FVC ratio in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),while PTV,MLD,total field number,vdose,and NTCP were higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,lung cancer diagnosis,chemotherapy history,FEV1,FEV1/FVC ratio,PTV,MLD,total number of radiation fields,vdose,and NTCP were risk factors for radiation pneumonitis.CONCLUSION We have identified patient age,type of lung cancer,history of chemotherapy,lung function,and radiotherapy parameters as risk factors for radiation pneumonitis.Comprehensive evaluation and examination should be carried out before radiotherapy to effectively prevent radiation pneumonitis.

Enterprise Value Valuation-BYD as an Example Based on SWOT Model and Multiple Regression Model

BYD is one of the largest new energy vehicle companies in China.Analyzing its scenario and the factors that affect its value helps to understand and identify development opportunities and potential problems.On one hand,this paper makes a qualitative analysis of BYD,using SWOT model to study the internal capability and external environment of BYD.On the other hand,the multiple regression model is used for quantitative analysis of BYD’s enterprise value,and the model is established based on three factors:enterprise fundamentals,investor behavior and psychology,and macroeconomic policy uncertainty,and the stepwise regression is carried out.The results show that the increase of institutional investors’shareholding ratio,the increase of investor sentiment index,and the increase of M2 growth rate will increase the overall enterprise value,while the increase of economic policy uncertainty will decrease the enterprise value.

Stability of mine ventilation system based on multiple regression analysis

In order to overcome the disadvantages of diagonal connection structures that are complex and for which it is difficult to derive the discriminant of the airflow directions of airways, we have applied a multiple regression method to analyze the effect, of changing the rules of mine airflows, on the stability of a mine ventilation system. The amount of air （ Qj ） is determined for the major airway and an optimum regression equation was derived for Qi as a function of the independent variable （ Ri ）, i.e., the venti- lation resistance between different airways. Therefore, corresponding countermeasures are proposed according to the changes in airflows. The calculated results agree very well with our practical situation, indicating that multiple regression analysis is simple, quick and practical and is therefore an effective method to analyze the stability of mine ventilation systems.

Prediction of cavity growth rate during underground coal gasification using multiple regression analysis

During underground coal gasification （UCG）, whereby coal is converted to syngas in situ, a cavity is formed in the coal seam. The cavity growth rate （CGR） or the moving rate of the gasification face is affected by controllable （operation pressure, gasification time, geometry of UCG panel） and uncontrollable （coal seam properties） factors. The CGR is usually predicted by mathematical models and laboratory experiments, which are time consuming, cumbersome and expensive. In this paper, a new simple model for CGR is developed using non-linear regression analysis, based on data from 1 l UCG field trials. The empirical model compares satisfactorily with Perkins model and can reliably predict CGR.

New empirical model to evaluate groundwater flow into circular tunnel using multiple regression analysis

There are various analytical, empirical and numerical methods to calculate groundwater inflow into tun- nels excavated in rocky media. Analytical methods have been widely applied in prediction of groundwa- ter inflow to tunnels due to their simplicity and practical base theory. Investigations show that the real amount of water infiltrating into jointed tunnels is much less than calculated amount using analytical methods and obtained results are very dependent on tunnel＇s geometry and environmental situations. In this study, using multiple regression analysis, a new empirical model for estimation of groundwater seepage into circular tunnels was introduced. Our data was acquired from field surveys and laboratory analysis of core samples. New regression variables were defined after perusing single and two variables relationship between groundwater seepage and other variables. Finally, an appropriate model for estima- tion of leakage was obtained using the stepwise algorithm. Statistics like R, R2, R2e and the histogram of residual values in the model represent a good reputation and fitness for this model to estimate the groundwater seepage into tunnels. The new experimental model was used for the test data and results were satisfactory. Therefore, multiple regression analysis is an effective and efficient way to estimate the groundwater seeoage into tunnels.

Research on the Effect of Artificial Intelligence Real Estate Forecasting Using Multiple Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Network: A Case Study of Ghana

To transition from conventional to intelligent real estate, the real estate industry must enhance its embrace of disruptive technology. Even though the real estate auction market has grown in importance in the financial, economic, and investment sectors, few artificial intelligence-based research has tried to predict the auction values of real estate in the past. According to the objectives of this research, artificial intelligence and statistical methods will be used to create forecasting models for real estate auction prices. A multiple regression model and an artificial neural network are used in conjunction with one another to build the forecasting models. For the empirical study, the study utilizes data from Ghana apartment auctions from 2016 to 2020 to anticipate auction prices and evaluate the forecasting accuracy of the various models available at the time. Compared to the conventional Multiple Regression Analysis, using artificial intelligence systems for real estate appraisal is becoming a more viable option (MRA). The Artificial Neural network model exhibits the most outstanding performance, and efficient zonal segmentation based on the auction evaluation price enhances the model’s prediction accuracy even more. There is a statistically significant difference between the two models when it comes to forecasting the values of real estate auctions.

Multiple Regression Analysis of Influencing Factors on Yield of New Sugarcane Variety Yuetang 03-373

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide reference for cultivation and promotion of a new sugarcane variety Yuetang 03-373,on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the characters of the variety.[Methods]Correlation,multiple regression and path analyses were performed for the yield and yield components of Yuetang 03-373.[Results]Correlation analysis shows that cane yield was significantly correlated with millable stalk number,stalk length and stalk diameter,and among them,the correlation with millable stalk number was the strongest.Multiple regression and path analyses show that millable stalk number contributed the most to cane yield,followed by stalk length,and stalk diameter contributed the least.The regression equation of cane yield against the three yield components was y=-2.8713+1.5497x1+5.8990x2-395.4294x3(R=0.9672**).[Conclusions]Millable stalk number and stalk length were the important and major factors for high yield of Yuetang 03-373,indicating that Yuetang 03-373 is a sugarcane variety of millable stalk type.In cultivation,full play should be given to the advantage of Yuetang 03-373 in millable stalk number,as well as stalk length(plant height),in order to achieve the purpose of increasing yield.

Predicting urbanization level by main element analysis and multiple linear regression---taking Xiantao district in Hubei Province as an example

In this paper we firstly select main factors relating to urbanization level of Xiantao District in Hubei Province by main element, then, make model of urbanization level by analysis of multiple liner regression, and lastly predict its urbanization level

An Adaptive Design for Six Sigma(ADFSS): a Simulated Annealing and Regression Analysis Embedded Approach

Design for six sigma （DFSS） is a powerful approach of designing products, processes, and services with the objective of meeting the needs of customers in a cost-effective maimer. DFSS activities are classified into four major phases viz. identify, design, optimize, and validate （IDOV）. And an adaptive design for six sigma （ADFSS） incorporating the traits of artifidai intelligence and statistical techniques is presented. In the identify phase of the ADFSS, fuzzy relation measures between customer attributes （CAs） and engineering characteristics （ECs） as well as fuzzy correlation measures among ECs are determined with the aid of two fuzzy logic controllers （FLCs）. These two measures are then used to establish the cumulative impact factor for ECs. In the next phase （ i. e. design phase）, a transfer function is developed with the aid of robust multiple nonlinear regression analysis. Furthermore, 1this transfer function is optimized with the simulated annealing （ SA ） algorithm in the optimize phase. In the validate phase, t-test is conducted for the validation of the design resulted in earlier phase. Finally, a case study of a hypothetical writing instrument is simulated to test the efficacy of the proposed ADFSS.

Suggestion of advanced regression model on friction angle of fault gouge in South Korea

Although friction characteristics of fault gouge are important to understand reactivation of fault,behavior of earthquake,and mechanism of slope failure,analysis results of fault gouge have low accuracy mostly than those of soils or rocks due to its high heterogeneity and low strength.Therefore,to improve the accuracy of analysis results,we conducted simple regression analysis and structural equation model analysis and selected major influential factors of friction characteristics among many factors,and then we deduced advanced regression model with the highest coefficient of determination(R^(2)) via multiple regression analysis.Whereas most coefficients of determination in simple regression analysis are below0.3-0.4,coefficient of determination in multiple regression analysis is remarkably large as 0.657.

Numerical and Dimensional Analysis for Prediction of Line Heating Residual Deformations

Line heating process is a very complex phenomenon as a variety of factors affects the amount of residual deformations. Numerical thermal and mechanical analysis of line heating for prediction of residual deformation is time consuming. In the present work dimensional analysis has been presented to obtain a new relationship between input parameters and resulting residual deformations during line heating process. The temperature distribution and residual deformations for 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thick steel plates were numerically estimated and compared with experimental and published results. Extensive data generated through a validated FE model were used to find co-relationship between the input parameters and the resulting residual deformation by multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from the deformation equations developed in this work compared well with those of the FE analysis with a drop in the computation time in the order of 100 (computational time required for FE analysis is around 7 200 second to 9 000 seconds and where the time required for getting the residual deformation by developed equations is only 60 to 90 seconds).

An empirical analysis on community residents' perception and major influencing factors of rural tourism development

With the rapid development of rural tourism in China,community residents,as important stakeholders in the development of rural tourism,their perceptions and attitudes directly affect the sustainable and healthy development of local rural tourism.Taking the community residents of Xiaogucheng Village in Hangzhou as the research object,using the methods of field interviews and questionnaires,a multiple regression model was established to conduct an empirical analysis on the perception and main factors affecting the development of rural tourism of community residents.The results show that the development of rural tourism in villages with better economic development is not as popular as expected;Where community residents have made ideological progress and are willing to participate in tourism development,the development effect of rural tourism is remarkable;In addition,community residents also hope that their personal abilities can be combined with rural tourism for common development;The destruction of community environment has a slight impact on the development of rural tourism,which shows that the attention is not enough.Finally,based on the analysis conclusion,it provides new ideas and inspiration for the sustainable development of rural tourism:improving the community residents’participation in rural tourism system,establishing the guidance mechanism of community residents’tourism vocational education,and consolidating the achievements of community ecological environment management.

Biomass estimation of Shorea robusta with principal component analysis of satellite data

Spatio-temporal assessment of the above ground biomass （AGB） is a cumbersome task due to the difficulties associated with the measurement of different tree parameters such as girth at breast height and height of trees. The present research was conducted in the campus of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, which is predomi- nantly covered by Sal （Shorea robusta C. F. Gaertn）. Two methods of regression analysis was employed to determine the potential of remote sensing parameters with the AGB measured in the field such as linear regression analysis between the AGB and the individual bands, principal components （PCs） of the bands, vegetation indices （VI）, and the PCs of the VIs respectively and multiple linear regression （MLR） analysis be- tween the AGB and all the variables in each category of data. From the linear regression analysis, it was found that only the NDVI exhibited regression coefficient value above 0.80 with the remaining parameters showing very low values. On the other hand, the MLR based analysis revealed significantly improved results as evidenced by the occurrence of very high correlation coefficient values of greater than 0.90 determined between the computed AGB from the MLR equations and field-estimated AGB thereby ascertaining their superiority in providing reliable estimates of AGB. The highest correlation coefficient of 0.99 is found with the MLR involving PCs of VIs.

Cardiovascular age of aviation personnel: based on the principal component analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability

Objective: To introduce a method to calculate cardiovascular age, a new, accurate and much simpler index for assessing cardiovascular autonomic regulatory function, based on statistical analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability (HRV and BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) data. Methods: Firstly, HRV and BPV of 89 healthy aviation personnel were analyzed by the conventional autoregressive (AR) spectral analysis and their spontaneous BRS was obtained by the sequence method. Secondly, principal component analysis was conducted over original and derived indices of HRV, BPV and BRS data and the relevant principal components, PCi orig and PCi deri (i=1, 2, 3,...) were obtained. Finally, the equation for calculating cardiovascular age was obtained by multiple regression with the chronological age being assigned as the dependent variable and the principal components significantly related to age as the regressors. Results: The first four principal components of original indices accounted for over 90% of total variance of the indices, so did the first three principal components of derived indices. So, these seven principal components could reflect the information of cardiovascular autonomic regulation which was embodied in the 17 indices of HRV, BPV and BRS exactly with a minimal loss of information. Of the seven principal components, PC2 orig , PC4 orig and PC2 deri were negatively correlated with the chronological age ( P <0 05), whereas the PC3 orig was positively correlated with the chronological age ( P <0 01). The cardiovascular age thus calculated from the regression equation was significantly correlated with the chronological age among the 89 aviation personnel ( r =0.73, P <0 01). Conclusion: The cardiovascular age calculated based on a multi variate analysis of HRV, BPV and BRS could be regarded as a comprehensive indicator reflecting the age dependency of autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system in healthy aviation personnel.

Dividend policy determinants of Indian FMCG sector： A factorial analysis

Profitability has always been considered as a primary indicator of dividend payout by a company. There are factors other than profitability namely cash flows, debt equity ratio, retained earnings, sales growth, share prices of a company, capital expenditure and beta etc. that also affect dividend decisions of an organization. Existing literature suggests that dividend payout is positively related to profits, cash flows while CAPEX （capital expenditure） retained earnings, sales growth, share prices, beta, interest paid and debt equity ratio have inverse relationship. A set of 21 key variables have been identified that affect the dividend payout of a firm. Researchers in the past have used several proxies to represent these determinants. Authors have tried to find out which proxy variable is most relevant in the present scenario. The paper attempts to give a focused overview of the important dividend theories and empirically analyze the determinants of dividend behavior of Indian FMCG （Fast moving consumer goods） sector. The relationship between key variables has been explored with the aid of statistical techniques of factor analysis. Thus, the main theme of this study is to examine the various factors that influence the dividend policy decisions of FMCG firms in India.

Education Investment Fixed Asset Investment and Regional Economic Development Differences--Empirical analysis based on Chinese

In this article,it discusses the di£ferences in economic development between urban and rural areas and regions in our country from the perspective of education investment and fixed asset investment.Based on the provincial data of 31 provinces from 1999 to 2017 released by National Bureau of Statistics,it expends the Cobb-Douglas model and Lucas model,and analyses the data with multiple linear regression models.From the study,it finds that compared with investment in fixed assets,investment in education has a larger role in promoting economic development,which is more obvious in the underdeveloped central and western regions and rural areas.However,at the same time it needs to note that the positive effects of education investment will be restricted by the economic structure and policy environment,and education expenditure policies should also be implemented in accordance with time and local conditions.

中国8省市50岁及以上人群卫生保健服务满意度与生活质量的关联研究

目的探讨50岁及以上人群卫生保健服务满意度和生活质量之间的关系。方法利用世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)全球老龄化与成人健康研究中国项目基线调查资料,选取我国8个省/直辖市15050名50岁及以上的中老年人,使用全球老龄化与成人健康研究问卷和WHO生活质量量表8项简化版评估卫生保健服务满意度和生活质量,并获取社会人口学及慢性病患病情况等信息,使用多元线性回归模型分析两者之间的关系并按居住地、性别和年龄组进行分层分析。结果研究共纳入研究对象13408人,平均年龄为(63.86±10.24)岁,对本市(区)提供的卫生保健服务感到非常满意的占4.16%,感到满意的占58.90%,感到一般的占30.81%,感到不满意的占5.69%,感到非常不满意的占0.44%。研究对象生活质量得分为(40.25±15.56)分,多元线性回归分析显示研究对象的卫生保健服务满意度越高,生活质量越好(P<0.001)。在分层分析中,该关联在不同居住地区、不同性别以及不同年龄组中均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论50岁及以上的人群中,较高的卫生保健服务满意度和较高的生活质量相关。

Experimental Study on Anchoring Physical Properties of Different Anchoring Lengths Coupled with Temperature and Pressure

Aiming at deep roadway anchorage solids, laboratory similar model tests were used to reveal the mechanical properties of anchorage solids with different anchorage lengths under the coupling effect of temperature and pressure, and SPSS statistical analysis software was used to conduct linear regression analysis of the ultimate anchorage force obtained from the tests. The results show that: through multiple linear regression analysis, the influence degree of temperature and pressure coupling on the ultimate anchorage force is arranged in order of anchoring length > surrounding rock strength > temperature > side pressure coefficient, and the linear regression equation of the model is obtained. Compared with the linear regression equation of simulation results, the model has a high explanatory ability.

Investigations on the relationship among the porosity,permeability and pore throat size of transition zone samples in carbonate reservoirs using multiple regression analysis,artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system

Finding an accurate method for estimating permeability aside from well logs has been a difficult task for many years.The most commonly used methods targeted towards regression technique to understand the correlation between pore throat radii,porosity and permeability are Winland and Pittman equation approaches.While these methods are very common among petrophysicists,they do not give a good prediction in certain cases.Consequently,this paper investigates the relationship among porosity,permeability,and pore throat radii using three methods such as multiple regression analysis,artificial neural network(ANN),and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)for application in transition zone permeability modeling.Firstly,a comprehensive mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP)test was conducted using 228 transition zone carbonate core samples from a field located in the Middle-East region.Multiple regression analysis was later performed to estimate the permeability using pore throat and porosity measurement.For the ANN,a two-layer feed-forward neural network with sigmoid hidden neurons and a linear output neuron was used.The technique involves training,validation,and testing of input/output data.However,for the ANFIS method,a hybrid optimization consisting of least-square and backpropagation gradient descent methods with a subtractive clustering technique was used.The ANFIS combines both the artificial neural network and fuzzy logic inference system(FIS)for the training,validation,and testing of input/output data.The results show that the best correlation for the multiple regression technique is achieved for pore throat radii with 35%mercury saturation(R35).However,for both the ANN and ANFIS techniques,pore throat radii with 55%mercury saturation(R55)gives the best result.Both the ANN and ANFIS are later found to be more effective and efficient and thus recommended as compared with the multiple regression technique commonly used in the industry.

Contribution of Mass Elevation Effect to the Altitudinal Distribution of Global Treelines

Alpine treeline, as a prominent ecological boundary between forested mountain slopes and alpine meadow/shrub, is highly complex in altitudinal distribution and sensitive to warming climate. Great efforts have been made to explore their distribution patterns and ecological mechanisms that determine these patterns for more than 100 years, and quite a number of geographical and ecophysiological models have been developed to correlate treeline altitude with latitude or a latitude related temperature. However,on a global scale, all of these models have great difficulties to accurately predict treeline elevation due to the extreme diversity of treeline site conditions.One of the major reasons is that "mass elevation effect"(MEE) has not been quantified globally and related with global treeline elevations although it has been observed and its effect on treeline elevations in the Eurasian continent and Northern Hemisphere recognized. In this study, we collected and compiled a total of 594 treeline sites all over the world from literatures, and explored how MEE affects globaltreeline elevation by developing a ternary linear regression model with intra-mountain base elevation(IMBE, as a proxy of MEE), latitude and continentality as independent variables. The results indicated that IMBE, latitude and continentality together could explain 92% of global treeline elevation variability, and that IMBE contributes the most(52.2%), latitude the second(40%) and continentality the least(7.8%) to the altitudinal distribution of global treelines. In the Northern Hemisphere, the three factors' contributions amount to 50.4%, 45.9% and 3.7% respectively; in the south hemisphere, their contributions are 38.3%, 53%, and 8.7%, respectively. This indicates that MEE, virtually the heating effect of macro-landforms, is actually the most significant factor for the altitudinal distribution of treelines across the globe, and that latitude is relatively more significant for treeline elevation in the Southern Hemisphere probably due to fewer macro-landforms there.