Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)is a group of node that would interrelate among each other through onemulti-hop wireless link,wherein the nodes were able to move in response to sudden modifications.The objective of MANET ...Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)is a group of node that would interrelate among each other through onemulti-hop wireless link,wherein the nodes were able to move in response to sudden modifications.The objective of MANET routing protocol is to quantify the route and compute the best path,but there exists a major decrease in energy efficiency,difficulty in hop selection,cost estimation,and efficient load-balancing.In this paper,a novel least common multipath-based routing has been proposed.Multipath routing is used to find a multipath route from source and destination.Load balancing is of primary importance in the mobile ad-hoc networks,due to limited bandwidth among the nodes and the initiator of the load routing discovery phase in the multipath routing protocol.Fuzzy logic for load balancing multipath routing in MANETs is proposed,which ensures the data packets are sent through a path with the variance of binary sets to predict the original transformation of the data to be received in the system.The main objective of the proposed system is to reduce the routing time of data packets and avoid the traffic based on multipath source and destination.The experimental results have to verify 96.7%efficiency in balancing the load.展开更多
The study delves into multiplicative contractions,exploring the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points for a weakly compatible pair of mappings.Those mappings adhere to specific multiplicative contraction con...The study delves into multiplicative contractions,exploring the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points for a weakly compatible pair of mappings.Those mappings adhere to specific multiplicative contraction conditions characterized by exponents expressed as fraction multiplicative metric spaces.It is noted that a metric can induce a multiplicative metric,and conversely,a multiplicative metric can give a rise to a metric on a nonempty set.As an application,another proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a multiplicative initial problem is given.展开更多
Drought stress linked with climate change is one of the major constraints faced by common bean farmers in Africa and elsewhere. Mitigating this constraint requires the selection of resilient varieties that withstand d...Drought stress linked with climate change is one of the major constraints faced by common bean farmers in Africa and elsewhere. Mitigating this constraint requires the selection of resilient varieties that withstand drought threats to common bean production.This study assessed the drought response of 64 small red-seeded genotypes of common bean grown in a lattice design replicated twice under contrasting moisture regimes,terminal drought stress and non-stress, in Ethiopia during the dry season from November2014 to March 2015. Multiple plant traits associated with drought were assessed for their contribution to drought adaptation of the genotypes. Drought stress determined by a drought intensity index was moderate(0.3). All the assessed traits showed significantly different genotypic responses under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Eleven genotypes significantly(P ≤ 0.05) outperformed the drought check cultivar under both drought stress and non-stress conditions in seed yielding potential. Seed yield showed positive and significant correlations with chlorophyll meter reading, vertical root pulling resistance force, number of pods per plant, and seeds per pod under both soil moisture regimes, indicating their potential use in selection of genotypes yielding well under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Clustering analysis using Mahalanobis distance grouped the genotypes into four groups showing high and significant inter-cluster distance, suggesting that hybridization between drought-adapted parents from the groups will provide the maximum genetic recombination for drought tolerance in subsequent generations.展开更多
For relatively prime positive integers u_0 and r,and for 0≤k≤n,define u_k:=u_0+kr.Let L_n:=1cm(u_0,u_1,…,u_n)and let a,l≥2 be any integers.In this paper,the authors show that,for integersα≥a,r≥max(a,l-1)and n≥...For relatively prime positive integers u_0 and r,and for 0≤k≤n,define u_k:=u_0+kr.Let L_n:=1cm(u_0,u_1,…,u_n)and let a,l≥2 be any integers.In this paper,the authors show that,for integersα≥a,r≥max(a,l-1)and n≥lar,the following inequality holds L_n≥u_0r^((l-1)α+a-l)(r+1)~n.Particularly,letting l=3 yields an improvement on the best previous lower bound on L_n obtained by Hong and Kominers in 2010.展开更多
文摘Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)is a group of node that would interrelate among each other through onemulti-hop wireless link,wherein the nodes were able to move in response to sudden modifications.The objective of MANET routing protocol is to quantify the route and compute the best path,but there exists a major decrease in energy efficiency,difficulty in hop selection,cost estimation,and efficient load-balancing.In this paper,a novel least common multipath-based routing has been proposed.Multipath routing is used to find a multipath route from source and destination.Load balancing is of primary importance in the mobile ad-hoc networks,due to limited bandwidth among the nodes and the initiator of the load routing discovery phase in the multipath routing protocol.Fuzzy logic for load balancing multipath routing in MANETs is proposed,which ensures the data packets are sent through a path with the variance of binary sets to predict the original transformation of the data to be received in the system.The main objective of the proposed system is to reduce the routing time of data packets and avoid the traffic based on multipath source and destination.The experimental results have to verify 96.7%efficiency in balancing the load.
基金Supported by the General Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2018JY0256)the Scientific Research Fund of Leshan Normal University(DGZZ202024)。
文摘The study delves into multiplicative contractions,exploring the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points for a weakly compatible pair of mappings.Those mappings adhere to specific multiplicative contraction conditions characterized by exponents expressed as fraction multiplicative metric spaces.It is noted that a metric can induce a multiplicative metric,and conversely,a multiplicative metric can give a rise to a metric on a nonempty set.As an application,another proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a multiplicative initial problem is given.
基金funding to D. Ambachew, A. Asfaw, and M. W. Blair by the Tropical Legumes project of the Generation Challenge Program (C-086-13) with support from the Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationThe Evans Allen Fund is recognized for funding Matthew W. Blair and Daniel Ambachew at Tennessee State University
文摘Drought stress linked with climate change is one of the major constraints faced by common bean farmers in Africa and elsewhere. Mitigating this constraint requires the selection of resilient varieties that withstand drought threats to common bean production.This study assessed the drought response of 64 small red-seeded genotypes of common bean grown in a lattice design replicated twice under contrasting moisture regimes,terminal drought stress and non-stress, in Ethiopia during the dry season from November2014 to March 2015. Multiple plant traits associated with drought were assessed for their contribution to drought adaptation of the genotypes. Drought stress determined by a drought intensity index was moderate(0.3). All the assessed traits showed significantly different genotypic responses under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Eleven genotypes significantly(P ≤ 0.05) outperformed the drought check cultivar under both drought stress and non-stress conditions in seed yielding potential. Seed yield showed positive and significant correlations with chlorophyll meter reading, vertical root pulling resistance force, number of pods per plant, and seeds per pod under both soil moisture regimes, indicating their potential use in selection of genotypes yielding well under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Clustering analysis using Mahalanobis distance grouped the genotypes into four groups showing high and significant inter-cluster distance, suggesting that hybridization between drought-adapted parents from the groups will provide the maximum genetic recombination for drought tolerance in subsequent generations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10971145)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20100181110073)the Science&Technology Program of Sichuan Province(No.2013JY0125)
文摘For relatively prime positive integers u_0 and r,and for 0≤k≤n,define u_k:=u_0+kr.Let L_n:=1cm(u_0,u_1,…,u_n)and let a,l≥2 be any integers.In this paper,the authors show that,for integersα≥a,r≥max(a,l-1)and n≥lar,the following inequality holds L_n≥u_0r^((l-1)α+a-l)(r+1)~n.Particularly,letting l=3 yields an improvement on the best previous lower bound on L_n obtained by Hong and Kominers in 2010.
