Microplastic pollution represents a side-effect stemming from a global plastic waste mismanagement problem and includes degraded particles or mass produced plastic particles less than 5 mm in largest dimension.The sma...Microplastic pollution represents a side-effect stemming from a global plastic waste mismanagement problem and includes degraded particles or mass produced plastic particles less than 5 mm in largest dimension.The small nature of microplastics gives this area of pollution different environmental concerns than general plastic waste in the environment.The biological toxicity of particles,their internal components,and their surface level changes all present opportunities for these particles to adversely affect the environment around them.Thus,it is necessary to review the current literature surrounding this topic and identify areas where the study of microplastic can be pushed forward.Here we present current methods in studying microplastics,some of the ways by which microplastics affect the environment and attempt to shed light on how this research can continue.In addition,we review current recycling methods developing for the processing of mixed-plastic waste.These methods,including hydrothermal processing and solvent extraction,provide a unique opportunity to separate plastic waste and improve the viability of the plastics recycling industry.展开更多
With the rapid development of large-scale pig breeding,the problem of environmental pollution around pig farms has become increasingly serious,of which copper pollution has become particularly prominent. Plants such a...With the rapid development of large-scale pig breeding,the problem of environmental pollution around pig farms has become increasingly serious,of which copper pollution has become particularly prominent. Plants such as Leerisia Orygides L.,Eichhornia crassipes（ Mart.） Solms,Commelina communis L.,and Rumex acetosa L. that have strong ability to absorb and transform copper can be used to build constructed wetlands to absorb copper in pig waste,and it can be used as a feed additive to be recycled,which can prevent a larger range of pollution caused by the migration and diffusion of copper.展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of a certain type of fuel additives on the emission and performance of vehicles,according to the Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicles Equipped Ignition...In order to investigate the effect of a certain type of fuel additives on the emission and performance of vehicles,according to the Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicles Equipped Ignition Engine under Two-speed Idle Conditions and Simple Driving Mode Conditions(GB 18285-2005),the double idle method is used to detect the emission changes of different vehicles before and after the use of a certain type of fuel additives,and then the fuel consumption and power are evaluated.The results show that the use of fuel additives and the appropriate selection of fuel can effectively reduce the emissions of vehicle pollutants,which is of great significance for energy saving and emission reduction.展开更多
The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic,yet research findings are highly heterogeneous.This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual...The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic,yet research findings are highly heterogeneous.This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels.The integrated models of generalized additive model,land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations.And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics,physical examination,disease information,geographic and socioeconomic status.A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018.With a 1µg/m^(3)increase in the concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2)and NO_(2),the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02(95%CI:1.008–1.034),1.06(95%CI:1.034–1.095)and 1.02(95%CI:1.010–1.029)respectively.Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk,with an odds ratio of 0.38(95%CI:0.212–0.626).In the subgroup analysis,individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM2.5,and So2 was considered more hazardous to women.Meanwhile,the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger.Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM2.5,SO_(2)and NO_(2)would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.展开更多
文摘Microplastic pollution represents a side-effect stemming from a global plastic waste mismanagement problem and includes degraded particles or mass produced plastic particles less than 5 mm in largest dimension.The small nature of microplastics gives this area of pollution different environmental concerns than general plastic waste in the environment.The biological toxicity of particles,their internal components,and their surface level changes all present opportunities for these particles to adversely affect the environment around them.Thus,it is necessary to review the current literature surrounding this topic and identify areas where the study of microplastic can be pushed forward.Here we present current methods in studying microplastics,some of the ways by which microplastics affect the environment and attempt to shed light on how this research can continue.In addition,we review current recycling methods developing for the processing of mixed-plastic waste.These methods,including hydrothermal processing and solvent extraction,provide a unique opportunity to separate plastic waste and improve the viability of the plastics recycling industry.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41263006,2014BAC04B00,21567010)Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20124ACB01200,20122BBG70086)Program of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences(JAS(2013)No.19-06,2016-YCXY-04,2013-XTPH1-14,2013H003)
文摘With the rapid development of large-scale pig breeding,the problem of environmental pollution around pig farms has become increasingly serious,of which copper pollution has become particularly prominent. Plants such as Leerisia Orygides L.,Eichhornia crassipes（ Mart.） Solms,Commelina communis L.,and Rumex acetosa L. that have strong ability to absorb and transform copper can be used to build constructed wetlands to absorb copper in pig waste,and it can be used as a feed additive to be recycled,which can prevent a larger range of pollution caused by the migration and diffusion of copper.
文摘In order to investigate the effect of a certain type of fuel additives on the emission and performance of vehicles,according to the Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Vehicles Equipped Ignition Engine under Two-speed Idle Conditions and Simple Driving Mode Conditions(GB 18285-2005),the double idle method is used to detect the emission changes of different vehicles before and after the use of a certain type of fuel additives,and then the fuel consumption and power are evaluated.The results show that the use of fuel additives and the appropriate selection of fuel can effectively reduce the emissions of vehicle pollutants,which is of great significance for energy saving and emission reduction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773512).
文摘The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic,yet research findings are highly heterogeneous.This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels.The integrated models of generalized additive model,land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations.And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics,physical examination,disease information,geographic and socioeconomic status.A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018.With a 1µg/m^(3)increase in the concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2)and NO_(2),the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02(95%CI:1.008–1.034),1.06(95%CI:1.034–1.095)and 1.02(95%CI:1.010–1.029)respectively.Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk,with an odds ratio of 0.38(95%CI:0.212–0.626).In the subgroup analysis,individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM2.5,and So2 was considered more hazardous to women.Meanwhile,the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger.Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM2.5,SO_(2)and NO_(2)would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.
文摘选择造林树种大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)和樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)为对象,采用开顶生长箱(open-top chamber,OTC)构建实验林,探讨镉(Cd)胁迫及其与大气CO_(2)浓度升高、氮(N)添加的复合作用对2种树木叶片N、P养分利用策略和Cd积累特征的影响。试验设5个处理:对照(CK)、加Cd[10 kg Cd/(hm^(2)·a)](Cd)、加Cd与加CO_(2)(700μmol/mol)(CdC)、加Cd与加N[100 kg N/(hm^(2)·a)](CdN)、加Cd加CO_(2)加N(CdCN)。处理约2.5 a后,测定两树种的成熟叶和衰老叶中N、磷(P)和Cd含量。结果表明,不同处理对两树种叶片P含量及P回收率均无显著影响,但显著影响叶片N含量及N回收率;CdN处理下两树种叶片N含量升高;Cd和CdN处理下樟树叶N回收率显著降低。Cd、CdC、CdN和CdCN处理下两树种叶片Cd积累浓度及樟树成熟叶中的Cd/N和Cd/P升高。大叶相思叶片N、P回收率显著高于樟树,Cd积累浓度显著低于樟树。速生豆科固氮树种大叶相思比普通非固氮树种樟树具有更好的N、P养分利用策略和抵御叶片积累Cd的能力,表明大叶相思可以作为Cd污染林地土壤生态修复的适宜树种。
