Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.

Study on Distribution of Four Pseudomonas Species in Living Environment Using Multiplex PCR

Purpose: The genus Pseudomonas is a ubiquitous microorganism frequently detected from immunocompromised patients. The inherent resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents contributes to the opportunistic character of this pathogen exhaustive monitoring of this pathogen is considered of critical importance to public health organizations. The reliable identification method able to distinguish genetic close Pseudomonas species is needed, because these organisms are difficult to differentiate by phenotypic or biochemical methods. The purpose of the present study was to design species-specific primers in order to identify and detect four Pseudomonas species which are frequently detected from the human oral cavities, and to investigate the distribution of these organisms in the living environment using a multiplex PCR. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed based on partial sequences of the rpoD gene of four Pseudomonas species. Swab samples were collected from fifty washstands, and the distribution of Pseudomonas species was investigated using a conventional PCR at genus level and a multiplex PCR at species level. Results: Multiplex PCR method developed in this study was able to distinguish four Pseudomonas species clearly. The genus Pseudomonas was detected from all samples (100%), whereas P. putida, P, aeruginosa, P. stutzeri and P. fluorescens were detected at 44%, 8%, 4% and 2% in fifty swab samples, respectively. Conclusion: Our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and works without requiring DNA extraction. It was indicated that washstands were the uninhabitable environment for P. putida, P, aeruginosa, P. stutzeri and P. fluorescens.

基于CP基因的云南烟草花叶病毒RT-LAMP快速检测体系的构建

为快速检测云南烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV),本研究根据来自云南烟草TMV分离物的外壳蛋白(CP)基因保守核苷酸序列,设计了5组引物进行筛选,并采用单一变量法对反应的温度、时间、甜菜碱浓度、dNTPs浓度、Mg2+浓度及内、外引物浓度比等进行逐一优化,建立了云南烟草TMV逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)检测体系。结果表明,最佳引物组为第4组,最适反应温度为60℃,甜菜碱、dNTPs、Mg^(2+)的最佳反应浓度分别为0.6、0.4、2.0 mmol/L,最佳内、外引物浓度比为4∶1,最佳反应时间40 min。优化后的RT-LAMP经SYBR Green I染色可肉眼判断结果,特异性高,灵敏度是常规RT-PCR的10倍。RT-LAMP检测体系的建立为云南烟草TMV的检测提供了一种便捷、高效、可靠的方法。

Real-Time 4-Mode MDM Transmission Using Commercial 400G OTN Transceivers and All-Fiber Mode Multiplexers

Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.

A Study of Radiation-Induced Telomere Instability Using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)

The integrity of the chromosomes for two WIL2-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (TK6 and WTK1) in the presence and absence of ionizing radiation was analyzed by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). The TK6 cell line has the native p53 tumor-suppressor gene, whereas WTK1 cells contain a p53 mutation. Each cell line was isolated pre- and post-irradiation (2 and 3 Gy) and analyzed by MLPA. The impact of irradiation on these two cell lines was investigated using probes that target specific regions on chromosomes associated with subtelomeric regions. Results indicate that WTK1 and TK6 are impacted differently after irradiation, and that each cell line presents its own unique MLPA profile. The most notable differences are the appearance of a number of probes in the post-irradiated MLPA profile that are not present in the controls, and two unique probe signals only seen in WTK1 cells. These results build on our previous studies that indicate how different human cell lines can be affected by radiation in significantly different ways depending on the presence or absence of wild type p53.

A simple and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system permits ultra-multiplex genome editing in plants

The development and maturation of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system provides a valuable tool for plant functional genomics and genetic improvement.Currently available genome-editing tools have a limited number of targets,restricting their application in genetic research.In this study,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9 plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system consisting of two template vectors,eight donor vectors,four destination vectors,and one primer-design software package.By combining the advantages of Golden Gate cloning to assemble multiple repetitive fragments and Gateway recombination to assemble large fragments and by changing the structure of the amplicons used to assemble sg RNA expression cassettes,the plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system can assemble a single binary vector targeting more than 40 genomic loci.A rice knockout vector containing 49 sg RNA expression cassettes was assembled and a high co-editing efficiency was observed.This plant ultra-multiplex genome editing system advances synthetic biology and plant genetic engineering.

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave multiplexed gas sensingbased on optical frequency comb calibration

Laser absorption spectroscopy has proven to be an effective approach for gas sensing, which plays an important rolein the fields of military, industry, medicine and basic research. This paper presents a multiplexed gas sensing system basedon optical frequency comb (OFC) calibrated frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) tuning nonlinearity. Thesystem can be used for multi-parameter synchronous measurement of gas absorption spectrum and multiplexed opticalpath. Multi-channel parallel detection is realized by combining wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and frequencydivision multiplexing (FDM) techniques. By introducing nonlinear optical crystals, broadband spectrum detection is simultaneouslyachieved over a bandwidth of hundreds of nanometers. An OFC with ultra-high frequency stability is used asthe frequency calibration source, which guarantees the measurement accuracy. The test samples involve H13C14N, C_(2)H_(2)and Rb vapor cells of varying densities and 5 parallel measurement experiments are designed. The results show that themeasurement accuracies of spectral absorption line and the optical path are 150 MHz and 20 m, respectively. The schemeoffers the advantages of multiplexed, multi-parameter, wide spectrum and high resolution detection, which can realize theidentification of multi-gas components and the high-precision inversion of absorption lines under different environments.The proposed sensor demonstrates great potential in the field of high-resolution absorption spectrum measurement for gassensing applications.

Establishment and performance analysis of a new multiplex detection method for influenza an and B virus antigen

BACKGROUND Influenza A and B virus detection is pivotal in epidemiological surveillance and disease management.Rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques are crucial for timely clinical intervention and outbreak prevention.Quantum dot-encoded microspheres have been widely used in immunodetection.The integration of quantum dot-encoded microspheres with flow cytometry is a well-established technique that enables rapid analysis.Thus,establishing a multiplex detection method for influenza A and B virus antigens based on flow cytometry quantum dot microspheres will help in disease diagnosis.AIM To establish a codetection method of influenza A and B virus antigens based on flow cytometry quantum dot-encoded microsphere technology,which forms the foundation for the assays of multiple respiratory virus biomarkers.METHODS Different quantum dot-encoded microspheres were used to couple the monoclonal antibodies against influenza A and B.The known influenza A and B antigens were detected both separately and simultaneously on a flow cytometer,and the detection conditions were optimized to establish the influenza A and B antigen codetection method,which was utilized for their detection in clinical samples.The results were compared with the fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method to validate the clinical performance of this method.RESULTS The limits of detection of this method were 26.1 and 10.7 pg/mL for influenza A and B antigens,respectively,which both ranged from 15.6 to 250000 pg/mL.In the clinical sample evaluation,the proposed method well correlated with the fluorescent quantitative PCR method,with positive,negative,and overall compliance rates of 57.4%,100%,and 71.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION A multiplex assay for quantitative detection of influenza A and B virus antigens has been established,which is characterized by high sensitivity,good specificity,and a wide detection range and is promising for clinical applications.

Multiplex Rapid Test with Acceptable Diagnosis Performance as a Solution to Increase Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Pregnant Women in an Area of High Prevalence of Both Hepatitis Viruses Associated with HIV

Background and Objective: HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are very widespread in the world, however, less than 20% of the people affected are diagnosed and treated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV co-infections in pregnant women at Bangui Community University Hospital and the cost of screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving consenting pregnant women who came for antenatal care was performed. HIV, HCV antibodies and HBV antigens were detected using Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/HBsAg rapid test, cross-validated by ELISA tests. Sociodemographic and professional data, the modes of transmission and prevention of HIV and both hepatitis viruses were collected in a standard sheet and analyzed using the Epi-Info software version 7. Results: Pregnant women aged 15 to 24 were the most affected (45.3%);high school girls (46.0%), and pregnant women living in cohabitation (65.3%) were the most represented. Twenty-five (16.7%) worked in the formal sector, 12.7% were unemployed housewives and the remainder in the informal sector. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV viruses was 11.8%, 21.9% and 22.2%, respectively. The prevalence of co-infections was 8.6% for HIV-HBV, 10.2% for HIV-HCV, 14.7% for HBV-HCV and 6.5% for HIV-HBV-HCV. All positive results and 10% of negative results by the rapid test were confirmed by ELISA tests. The serology of the three viruses costs 39,000 FCFA (60 Euros) by ELISA compared to 10,000 FCFA (15.00 Euros) with Exacto Triplex? HIV/HCV/AgHBs (BioSynex, Strasbourg, France). Conclusion: The low level of education and awareness of hepatitis are barriers to development and indicate the importance of improving the literacy rate of women in the Central African Republic (CAR). Likewise, the high prevalence of the three viruses shows the need for the urgent establishment of a national program to combat viral hepatitis in the CAR.

Semi-implantable device based on multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster for continuous monitoring of physiological ions

Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.

Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of hepatitis C virus,hepatitis B virus,and human immunodeficiency virus 1

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV),hepatitis B virus(HBV),and human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)are the most epidemic blood-borne viruses,posing threats to human health and causing economic losses to nations for combating the infection transmission.The diagnostic methodologies that depend on the detection of viral nucleic acids are much more expensive,but they are more accurate than sero-logical testing.AIM To develop a rapid,cost-effective,and accurate diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay for simultaneous detection of HCV,HBV,and HIV-1.METHODS The design of the proposed PCR assay targets the amplification of a short conserved region featured with a distinguishable melting profile and electro-phoretic molecular weight inside each viral genome.Therefore,this diagnostic method will be appropriate for application in both conventional(combined with electrophoresis)and real-time PCR facilities.Confirmatory in silico investigations were conducted to prove the capability of the approached PCR assay to detect variants of each virus.Then,Egyptian isolates of each virus were subjected to the wet lab examination using the given diagnostic assay.RESULTS The in silico investigations confirmed that the PCR primers can match many viral variants in a multiplex PCR assay.The wet lab experiment proved the efficiency of the assay in distinguishing each viral type through high-resolution melting analysis.Compared to related published assays,the proposed assay in the current study is more sensitive and competitive with many expensive PCR assays.CONCLUSION This study provides a simple,cost-effective,and sensitive diagnostic PCR assay facilitating the detection of the most epidemic blood-borne viruses;this makes the proposed assay promising to be substitutive for the mistakable and cheap serological-based assays.

Innovative COVID-19 Screening: RT-LAMP Assay for Spike and NSP1 Proteins

Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)is a serious respiratory disease that spreads through the coronavirus globally.It soon became a pandemic after its appearance in 2019 and demanded new techniques for its identification and detection.Owing to this situation,RT-LAMP appears to be a novel method for the identification of COVID-19 because of its vast applications,including cost-effectiveness and time-saving.This research highlights the use of RT-LAMP,a more sensitive test than RT-PCR,for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2,the severe acute respiratory illness.To identify the spike(S)and NSP1 protein using RT-LAMP,170 total samples of coronavirus-suspected patients were served in this research.Health certifications and bioethical considerations were taken into consideration.After the sample was extracted from the patient's swabs,RNA was isolated,extracted,and purified.The response was then run on the RT-LAMP at the ideal temperature,and the outcomes could be observed with the unaided eye as they changed from pink to yellow.It is a simple method of determining if the test is positive or negative.For this purpose,both RT-LAMP and RT-PCR tests are used during these procedures.Genes linked with COVID-19 testing including S,nspl,and ORF are suited to coronavirus testing;they have 100%specificity and low sensitivity,but S has more specificity and sensitivity than nspl and ORF,respectively.Out of the 95 positive samples,89(93.68%)samples yielded favorable outcomes utilizing RT-LAMP,while 55 negative samples yielded 100%positive results.The present research demonstrates that RT-LAMP is less sensitive yet more selective for coronavirus detection.

小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒多重荧光RT-LAMP鉴别检测方法的建立及应用

旨在建立一种可视化多重荧光RT-LAMP方法用于检测小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒的核酸,并初步应用于小反刍兽疫和蓝舌病临床样品的检测。比对GenBank中小反刍兽疫N基因和蓝舌病NS3基因保守区域,设计2套LAMP引物,在每条内引物FIP的5′端标记荧光基团。对反应条件进行优化,验证方法的特异性、灵敏度和干扰性,同时应用该方法检测168份临床样品。结果表明,该方法对小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒高度特异,与口蹄疫病毒、鹿流行性出血热病毒、牛瘟病毒、山羊痘病毒等其他反刍动物病毒均无交叉反应,检测灵敏度为200 copies/μL,干扰性小,可同时检测两个不同浓度的模板。对168份样品的检测结果显示,小反刍兽疫病毒的感染率为3.6%,蓝舌病病毒的感染率为13.1%,无两种病毒混合感染;与荧光RT-PCR方法相比,此多重荧光RT-LAMP方法敏感性为91.7%~100%,特异性为100%。表明建立的多重荧光RT-LAMP可快速、准确地检测小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒,具有较好的临床应用价值。

猪呼吸与繁殖综合症病毒RT-LAMP检测方法的建立

【目的】建立一种适用于猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒的快速、灵敏、特异性检测方法,即一步反转录环介导等温扩增技术(RT-LAMP)。【方法】设计3对针对PRRSVN基因的8个位点的特异性引物,用优化后的反应体系检测RT-LAMP的特异性、灵敏性并对临床样本进行检测。【结果】RT-LAMP检测方法从核酸抽提到检测仅需要70min,肉眼即可观察检测结果,该方法具有良好的特异性,灵敏度是RT-PCR的10000倍,在对50份猪血液样本RNA的检测中,该方法与传统的RT-PCR检测方法具有很好的统一性(κ=0.83)。【结论】RT-LAMP检测方法可快速、灵敏、特异的检测PRRSV,并适用基层和现场检测。

水稻黑条矮缩病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

【目的】建立一种快速、灵敏的逆转录环介导等温扩增方法(RT-LAMP)检测寄主植物和传毒介体体内的水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)。【方法】合成4条针对RBSDV S10核苷酸序列6个位点的特异性引物。分别对引物浓度、MgSO4浓度、反应温度和时间进行优化。将感病水稻总RNA梯度稀释后进行灵敏性检验并与RT-PCR比较分析。选择RBSDV和南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(SRBSDV)验证该方法的特异性。用本RT-LAMP方法检测田间病株。【结果】RT-LAMP检测方法可排除SRBSDV的干扰而特异地检测植物和飞虱体内的RBSDV,与RT-PCR灵敏性基本一致。检测结果易于判定。【结论】RT-LAMP检测方法适合寄主植物和介体体内RBSDV的快速检测。

禽新型黄病毒RT-LAMP检测方法的建立

根据环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP),建立了一种适用于禽新型黄病毒的逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)快速检测方法。根据禽新型黄病毒E蛋白基因序列,在保守区设计了一套针对禽新型黄病毒基因8个区域的6条特异性引物,并对反应条件进行优化。结果表明该方法对NDRV、GPV、MDRV、NDV、ILTV、FPV均无扩增反应,并可通过反应液是否有沉淀或向反应液中加入荧光染料来对结果进行可视化观察;扩增反应只需要在常规水浴锅中进行,45min内可完成反应;该方法对禽新型黄病毒RNA的最小检测限为1pg,灵敏度是一步法RT-PCR方法的100倍。本研究建立的RT-LAMP方法简便、快速、灵敏、特异,适合在基层进行禽新型黄病毒的快速检测。

猪瘟病毒野毒株RT-LAMP可视化检测方法的建立

本研究旨在建立一种可视化检测猪瘟病毒(CSFV)野毒株的反转录-环介导等温扩增方法(RT-LAMP)。根据CSFV的NS5B基因序列设计一套RT-LAMP引物,以样品的cDNA为模板,利用BstDNA聚合酶,在62℃恒温条件下进行扩增,扩增产物中加入SYBR GreenⅠ染料直接或在紫外光下观察判定扩增结果。该方法可检测出不同基因型的CSFV野毒株,其检出极限为2.5TCID50的CSFV,与实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法的敏感性相当;特异性试验表明,该方法对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株(HCLV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒以及其它常见猪源病毒均无扩增反应;通过对126份不同样品进行检测比较,该方法与实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的符合率达100%,与引物-探针能量转移PCR方法的符合率为98.4%。该方法无需特殊仪器,是一种适用于基层的快速、简便的CSFV野毒鉴别检测方法。

番茄抗根结线虫基因(Mi)和抗叶霉病基因(Cf5)的Multiplex-CAPS检测

建立了同时检测番茄抗根结线虫基因(Mi)和抗叶霉病基因(Cf5)的Mutiplex-CAPS技术,并利用该技术检测了12份番茄材料含有的抗性基因。

二重荧光RT-LAMP方法鉴别检测口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒

口蹄疫和水泡性口炎是牛常见高度急性病毒传染病,在全球范围内广泛存在。本研究旨在建立一种可同时鉴别口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒的二重荧光RT-LAMP检测方法。根据口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)3D基因和水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)N基因的保守序列,设计了2套特异性引物,在每条内引物的5′端标记荧光基团,通过扩增产物颜色判断检测结果。优化反应条件,建立了可同时检测口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒的二重荧光RT-LAMP方法。结果显示,该方法灵敏性高,每个反应最低能够检测到100个拷贝混合模板;特异性好,能在同一个反应管里检测到两种病毒,对其他牛病原体无扩增;干扰性小,扩增效率不受模板浓度影响。本研究建立的口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒二重荧光RT-LAMP方法具有简便、快速、特异、敏感等优点,可用于FMDV和VSV的临床检测和流行病学调查。

辣椒黄脉病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

辣椒黄脉病毒(Pepper vein yellows virus,PeVYV)是影响世界辣椒生产的重要病毒,也是广东省辣椒上主要病原病毒之一。本研究根据PeVYV基因组P3蛋白基因序列设计了2对引物,建立了该病毒的反转录-环介导等温扩增(reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification,RT-LAMP)检测方法。该方法70min便可完成对PeVYV的检测,无需特殊的设备,灵敏度比普通RT-PCR高10倍,对田间疑似病样的检出结果与RT-PCR的结果一致。本研究建立的PeVYV RT-LAMP检测方法具有快速、灵敏和操作简便等优点,适合于对PeVYV病样快速、准确检测与鉴定。