Exponential Stability of Large-Scale Non-Linear Systems with Multiple The Delays

The problem of stabilizing a class of large-scale non-linear multiple delay systems is considered.The complicated system is decomposed into several subsystems; each function of them is expressed by a set of components of the overall state vector,with interconnections between them, and the subsystems are coupled by the delayed state. In this paper, a method is devised to be a suitable choice of state feedback controls of every subsystems, moreover, it is proved that the large-scale system is exponential stable.

Design and Optimization of Multiple Interconnected Utility Systems in An Integrated Refining and Petrochemical Complex

In an integrated refining and petrochemical complex,a centralized utility system(CUS)is introduced to integrate the steam demands of production plants.Besides,two sub-utility systems(SUSs)located inside the alkene and refinery plants,respectively,can satisfy the shaft demands.It is difficult to determine the steam production of the CUS because the steam demands of the alkene and refinery plants also depend on the design and operation of the SUSs.To explore the complicated interaction between the CUS and SUSs,we proposed a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model for the design and optimization of multiple interconnected utility systems to minimize the total annualized cost(TAC).An extended superstructure was suggested to contain multiple inter-plant connected steam pipe alternatives between the CUS and SUSs.A more accurate model of the complex steam turbine was proposed.Then the proposed MINLP framework is applied to a new integrated refining and petrochemical complex.Two scenarios are investigated in the case study to explore the effect of steam main temperatures on system configurations and operating parameters.By optimizing the main temperatures,a TAC of$2.7 million can be saved.Judging from the results of the two scenarios,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework for the design and optimization of multiple interconnected utility systems have been demonstrated.

Performance of MIMO Systems Using Space Time Block Codes (STBC)

Digital Communications, in relation to wireless networks, have taken off in recent years due to the expanding need to communicate faster and more efficiently. A popular way to achieve this is by using wireless Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication systems. MIMO systems utilize Space Time Block Codes (STBC) as one of the leading ways to obtain higher data rates with limited bandwidth and power. With several STBC methods currently available, this paper analyzes simulations using Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes (OSTBC) in Rayleigh fading channels to evaluate the performance of MIMO systems. The selection to use a Rayleigh fading channel as a model for a non-line-of-sight (nLOS) environment is selected to mimic installations where a large number of signal paths and reflections are expected. All simulations are coded, generated and plotted using MATLAB resulting in graphical data representing the bit-error rate (BER) to signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0) or SNR. Each simulation captures how different configurations of key variables including code rate, diversity and antenna count can impact system performance. Four modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM) are included in each simulation. Conclusive evidence based upon these simulations suggests higher diversity gains were achieved with a greater number of antennas. The most significant factor for increasing system performance was using a lower count of transmit antennas with a higher count of receive antennas.

Post-post-Newtonian deflection of light ray in multiple systems with PPN parameters

The post-Newtonian scheme in multiple systems with post-Newtonian parameters presented by Klioner and Soffel is extended to the post-post-Newtonian （PPN） order for light propagation problem in the solar system. Under considering the solar system experiment requirement, a new parameter ε is introduced. This extension does not change the virtue of the scheme on the linear partial differential equations of the potential and vector potential mentioned in previous work. Furthermore, this extension is based on the former work done by Richter and Matzner in one global system theory. As an application, we also consider the deflection of light ray in the global coordinates. And the deflection angle of light ray is obtained with post-Newtonian parameters.

Researted FOM for Multiple Shifted Linear Systems

The seed method is used for solving multiple linear systems A (i)x (i) =b (i) for 1≤i≤s, where the coefficient matrix A (i) and the right-hand side b (i) are different in general. It is known that the CG method is an effective method for symmetric coefficient matrices A (i). In this paper, the FOM method is employed to solve multiple linear sy stems when coefficient matrices are non-symmetric matrices. One of the systems is selected as the seed system which generates a Krylov subspace, then the resi duals of other systems are projected onto the generated Krylov subspace to get t he approximate solutions for the unsolved ones. The whole process is repeated u ntil all the systems are solved.

Lattice Reduction Aided MMSE Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding Based on VBLAST Algorithm for MIMO Systems

A lattice reduction aided (LRA) minimum mean square error (MMSE) Tomlinson-Harashima pre-coding (THP) was proposed based on vertical Bell Labs layered space time (VBLAST) algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. The extended channel was used to provide optimal tradeoff between residual interference and noise amplification. The processing based on lattice reduction method helps achieve maximal diversity order. The VBLAST algorithm was applied to get the optimal processing ordering for successive interference cancellation (SIC) at transmitter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional THP and the LRA zero-forcing (ZF) THP with full diversity order.

ROBUSTNESS OF MULTIPLE-LIMB MANIPULATION SYSTEMS

The characteristic that multiple limb manipulation systems can resist disturbance external forces without relying on the feedback control of joint torques, called the robustness, has been addressed by several researchers. Based on their results, a further study of robustness is presented in this paper. By decomposing the space of external forces into two subspaces, the necessary and sufficient condition for a system to have robustness is given and a definition of robustness which is applicable to any multiple limb systems is also proposed. For the purpose of the evaluation of robustness, a new quality measure — critical disturbance external force and its algorithm are put forward. Finally, two examples of robustness analysis are presented.

TENSOR SUM AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

In this paper we introduce the concept of tensor sum semigroups. Also we have given the examples of tensor sum operators which induce dynamical system on weighted locally convex function spaces.

MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH PERIODIC NONLINEARITY AND STRONG RESONANCE

I. Introduction In this paper we are looking for solutions of the following Hamiltonian system of second order: where x= （x1, x2） and V satisfies （V. 1） V: R×R2→R is a C1-function, 1-periodic In t, （V.2） V is periodic in x1 with the period T>0, （V. 3） V→O, Vx→O as |x2|→∞, uniformly in （t, x1）.

Analytical and Computational Analysis of Flow Splitting in Multiple, Parallel Channels Systems

Previous analytical results on flow splitting are generalized to consider multiple boiling channels systems. The analysis is consistent with the approximations usually adopted in the use of systems codes (like RELAP5 and TRACE5, among others) commonly applied to perform safety analyses of nuclear power plants. The problem is related to multiple, identical, parallel boiling channels, connected through common plena. A theoretical model limited in scope explains this flow splitting without reversal. The unified analysis performed and the confirmatory computational results found are summarized in this paper. New maps showing the zones where this behavior is predicted are also shown considering again twin pipes. Multiple pipe systems have been found not easily amenable for analytical analysis when dealing with more than four parallel pipes. However, the particular splitting found (flow along N pipes dividing in one standalone pipe flow plus N -1 identical pipe flows) has been verified up to fourteen pipes, involving calculations in systems with even and odd number of pipes using the RELAP5 systems thermal-hydraulics code.

Multiple linear system techniques for 3D finite element method modeling of direct current resistivity

The strategies that minimize the overall solution time of multiple linear systems in 3D finite element method (FEM) modeling of direct current (DC) resistivity were discussed. A global stiff matrix is assembled and stored in two parts separately. One part is associated with the volume integral and the other is associated with the subsurface boundary integral. The equivalent multiple linear systems with closer right-hand sides than the original systems were constructed. A recycling Krylov subspace technique was employed to solve the multiple linear systems. The solution of the seed system was used as an initial guess for the subsequent systems. The results of two numerical experiments show that the improved algorithm reduces the iterations and CPU time by almost 50%, compared with the classical preconditioned conjugate gradient method.

Development of a region-partitioning method for debris flow susceptibility mapping

Debris flow susceptibility mapping(DFSM)has been reported in many studies,however,the irrational use of the same conditioning factor system for DFSM in regional-scale has not been thoroughly resolved.In this paper,a region-partitioning method that is based on the topographic characteristics of watershed units was developed with the objective of establishing multiple conditioning factor systems for regional-scale DFSM.First,watershed units were selected as the mapping units and created throughout the entire research area.Four topographical factors,namely,elevation,slope,aspect and relative height difference,were selected as the basis for clustering watershed units.The k-means clustering analysis was used to cluster the watershed units according to their topographic characteristics to partition the study area into several parts.Then,the information gain ratio method was used to filter out superfluous factors to establish conditioning factor systems in each region for the subsequent debris flow susceptibility modeling.Last,a debris flow susceptibility map of the whole study area was acquired by merging the maps from all parts.DFSM of Yongji County in Jilin Province,China was selected as a case study,and the analytical hierarchy process method was used to conduct a comparative analysis to evaluate the performance of the region-partitioning method.The area under curve(AUC)values showed that the partitioning of the study area into two parts improved the prediction rate from 0.812 to 0.916.The results demonstrate that the region-partitioning method on the basis of topographic characteristics of watershed units can realize more reasonable regional-scale DFSM.Hence,the developed region-partitioning method can be used as a guide for regional-scale DFSM to mitigate the imminent debris flow risk.

Identification of multiple inputs single output errors-in-variables system using cumulant

A higher-order cumulant-based weighted least square（HOCWLS） and a higher-order cumulant-based iterative least square（HOCILS） are derived for multiple inputs single output（MISO） errors-in-variables（EIV） systems from noisy input/output data. Whether the noises of the input/output of the system are white or colored, the proposed algorithms can be insensitive to these noises and yield unbiased estimates. To realize adaptive parameter estimates, a higher-order cumulant-based recursive least square（HOCRLS） method is also studied. Convergence analysis of the HOCRLS is conducted by using the stochastic process theory and the stochastic martingale theory. It indicates that the parameter estimation error of HOCRLS consistently converges to zero under a generalized persistent excitation condition. The usefulness of the proposed algorithms is assessed through numerical simulations.

Comparison of availability and reliability among different combined-GNSS/RNSS precise point positioning

With emergence of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS), the Galileo Satellite Navigation System(Galileo), the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System(QZSS)and the restoration of the Global Navigation Satellite System(GLONASS), the single Global Positioning System(GPS) has been gradually expanded into multiple global and regional navigation satellite systems(multi-GNSS/RNSS). In view of differences in these 5 systems, a consolidated multi-GNSS/RNSS precise point positioning(PPP) observation model is deduced in this contribution. In addition, the performance evaluation of PPP for multi-GNSS/RNSS is conducted using a large number of the multi-GNSS experiment(MGEX) station datasets. Experimental results show that multi-GNSS/RNSS can guarantee plenty of visible satellites effectively. Compared with single-system GPS, PDOP, HDOP, and VDOP values of the multi-GNSS/RNSS are improved by 46.8%, 46.5% and 46.3%, respectively. As for convergence time, the static and kinematic PPP of multi-GNSS/RNSS are superior to that of the single-system GPS, whose reliability, availability, and stability drop sharply with the increasing elevation cutoff. At satellite elevation cutoff of 40 °, the single-system GPS fails to carry out continuous positioning because of the insufficient visible satellites, while the multi-GNSS/RNSS PPP can still get positioning solutions with relatively high accuracy, especially in the horizontal direction.

COMMENTS ON AMSAA-BISE RELIABILITY GROWTH MODEL (Ⅰ)

From 1986 to 1991,based on AMSAA model, ZHOU Yuan_quan and WENG Zhao_xi presented AMSAA_BISE model to estimate reliability growth for multiple systems development, for the case that more than one system of the same type is put into reliability growth test, once a Type B failure mode is seen during test, corrective action will be taken to all systems. It is shown that there is something wrong with AMSAA_BISE model. According to AMSAA_BISE model, the maximum likelihood estimation of MTBF for multiple systems reliability growth test is much larger than that according to AMSAA model for a single system; The more systems is put into test, the larger the estimation of MTBF. An example is given, and an approximate method is presented.

Observation and characterization of flow in critical sections of a horizontal pressurized gating system using water models

This work is concerned with the hydraulics and f low characterization in a pressurized,horizontal gating system with multiple ingates attached to a plate mold,using transparent water models.Runners with two different aspect ratios(w/h=0.5 and 2)and four different types of ingates(rectangular,convergent,divergent and venturi)were examined for their influence on flow behavior.Flow behavior was visualized using a high speed camera capable of capturing images up to 10,000 frames per second.Real time experimentation with a few runner–ingate combinations were carried out to validate the usefulness of water models in predicting the f illing behavior.Comparison of the approaches provided useful insights into the filling behavior in critical sections of the flow passages as well as the utility of water models towards understanding of the f illing behavior during real time casting.

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and multiple system involvement:A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis(PLCH)is a relatively rare type of lung disease,common in middle-aged smoking men.It is characterized by proliferation and infiltration of Langerhans cells,and the formation of multiple parabronchial mesenchymal nodules in lung tissue,and may lead to organ dysfunction.There are no typical symptoms and signs,and it is easily misdiagnosed or missed,and therefore deserves clinical attention and further discussion.CASE SUMMARY We describe the case of a nonsmoking 46-year-old man with PLCH diagnosed based on clinical manifestations of fever and dry cough,with a history of hypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus for 9 years.Computed tomography(CT)-and CT-guided puncture examinations revealed no abnormalities,and he ultimately underwent thoracoscopic biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.The pathological diagnosis was PLCH.Thyroid function was maintained by medication.Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed that the pituitary stalk had become thinner.CONCLUSION LCH often involves multiple systems.Moreover,the pathogenesis is not clear,clinical manifestations lack specificity,and diagnosis requires special attention.Diagnosis of PLCH can significantly benefit from comprehensive multidisciplinary analysis.

RESEARCH ON INDOOR ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FIELD OF MULTIPLE ANTENNA SYSTEM

The complexity of the indoor environment brings great challenges to predict the electromagnetic radiation field of multiple antenna systems. Based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm, using the mobile phone shielding device as the multiple antenna systems example, the mobile phone shielding device's indoor electromagnetic radiation field is researched by measurment method and simulation method. The effectivity of prediction method is verified by comparing the prediciton results with the measurment results. About 80% of the error can be controlled less than dB. The quantitative research has certain guiding significance to the prediction of the multiple antenna systems radio wave propagation.

Reduced K-best sphere decoding algorithm based on minimum route distance and noise variance

This paper focuses on reducing the complexity of K-best sphere decoding （SD） algorithm for the detection of uncoded multi-ple input multiple output （MIMO） systems. The proposed algorithm utilizes the threshold-pruning method to cut nodes with partial Euclidean distances （PEDs） larger than the threshold. Both the known noise value and the unknown noise value are considered to generate the threshold, which is the sum of the two values. The known noise value is the smal est PED of signals in the detected layers. The unknown noise value is generated by the noise power, the quality of service （QoS） and the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） bound. Simulation results show that by considering both two noise values, the proposed algorithm makes an efficient reduction while the performance drops little.

A quasi-automated generation control strategy for multiple energy storage systems to optimize low-carbon benefits

Integrating a battery energy storage system(ESS)with a large wind farm can smooth the intermittent power obtained from the wind farm,but the smoothing function will not be achieved if multiple ESSs are used to smooth the fluctuations in individual wind power plants in a distributed pattern.Therefore,this study focuses on the development of a control strategy to optimize the use of multiple ESSs to accelerate the adoption of wind energy resources.This paper proposes a quasi-automated generation control(QAGC)strategy to coordinate multiple ESSs,which responds to the grid dispatch demand rather than smoothing out the intermittent power from individual wind farms.The aims of QAGC are to ensure that multiple ESSs provide a service that is as balanced as possible,so more wind power systems at various scales can be accepted by the grid,as well maximizing the low-carbon benefits of ESSs.The effectiveness of QAGC is demonstrated by using data from an actual gigawatt scale cluster of wind plants.