Flexible multiterminal photoelectronic neurotransistors based on self‐assembled rubber semiconductors for spatiotemporal information processing

A significant step toward constructing high‐efficiency neuromorphic systems is the electronic emulation of advanced synaptic functions of the human brain.While previous studies have focused on mimicking the basic functions of synapses using single‐gate transistors,multigate transistors offer an opportunity to simulate more complex and advanced memory‐forming behaviors in biological synapses.In this study,a simple and general method is used to assemble rubber semiconductors into suspended two‐phase composite films that are transferred to the surface of the ion‐conducting membrane to fabricate flexible multiterminal photoelectronic neurotransistors.The suspended ion conductive film is used as the gate dielectrics and supporting substrate.The prepared devices exhibit excellent electrical stability and mechanical flexibility after being bent.Basic photoelectronic synaptic behavior and pulse‐dependent plasticity are emulated.Furthermore,the device realizes the spatiotemporally integrated electrical and optical stimuli to mimic spatiotemporal information processing.This study provides a promising direction for constructing more complex spiking neural networks and more powerful neuromorphic systems with brain‐like dynamic spatiotemporal processing functions.

Generalized distributed four-domain digital twin system for intelligent manufacturing

Discrete manufacturing workshops are confronted with problems of processing diverse products and strict real time requirements for data service calculation and manufacturing equipment,which makes it difficult to provide real time feedback and compensation.In this study,a high-availability,high-performance,and high-concurrency digital twin reference model was constructed to satisfy a large number of manufacturing requirements.A multiterminal real-time interaction model and information aging classification rules for virtual and physical models were established.Moreover,a multiterminal virtual interaction model was proposed,and a generalized distributed computing service digital twinning system was developed.This digital twin system was considered a machine tool box processing line as an actual case.Consequently,a full closed-loop manufacturing process digital twin platform for physical request service,real-time response,and quality information feedback from iterations,which provides case guidance for subsequent factory digital twin systems,was realized.The proposed system can satisfy the requirements of multidevice big data computing services in modern manufacturing plants,as well as multiplatform,low-latency,and high-fidelity information visualization requirements for managers.Thus,this system is expected to play an important role in information factories.

Application of new directional logic to improve DC side fault discrimination for high resistance faults in HVDC grids

This paper proposes a simple and fast way to determine the direction of a fault in a multi-terminal high voltage direct current(HVDC) grid by comparing the rate of change of voltage(ROCOV) values at either side of the di/dt limiting inductors at the line terminals. A local measurement based secure and fast protection method is implemented by supervising a basic ROCOV relay with a directional element. This directional information is also used to develop a slower communication based DC line protection scheme for detecting high resistance faults. The proposed protection scheme is applied to a multi-level modular converter based three-terminal HVDC grid and its security and sensitivity are evaluated through electromagnetic transient simulations. A methodology to set the protection thresholds considering the constraints imposed by the breaker technology and communication delays is also presented. With properly designed di/dt limiting inductors,the ability of clearing any DC transmission system fault before fault currents exceeds a given breaker capacity is demonstrated.

PMU based adaptive zone settings of distance relays for protection of multi-terminal transmission lines

This paper proposes Phasor Measurement Unit(PMU)based adaptive zone settings of distance relays(PAZSD)methodology for protection of multi-terminal transmission lines(MTL).The PAZSD methodology employs current coefficients to adjust the zone settings of the relays during infeed situation.These coefficients are calculated in phasor data concentrator(PDC)at system protection center(SPC)using the current phasors obtained from PMUs.The functioning of the distance relays during infeed condition with and without the proposed methodology has been illustrated through a four-bus model implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC environment.Further,the performance of the proposed methodology has been validated in real-time,on a laboratory prototype of Extra High Voltage multi-terminal transmission lines(EHV MTL).The phasors are estimated in PMUs using NI cRIO-9063 chassis embedded with data acquisition sensors in conjunction with LabVIEW software.The simulation and hardware results prove the efficacy of the proposed methodology in enhancing the performance and reliability of conventional distance protection system in real-time EHV MTLs.